Cirugía de desfuncionalización de glándulas salivales mayores en sialorrea masiva / Major salivary gland defunctionalization surgery in massive sialorrhea

Introducción: La sialorrea es la pérdida involuntaria de saliva de la boca, ya sea debido a la producción excesiva de saliva o disminución de la frecuencia de deglución. Se habla de sialorrea patológica cuando persiste más allá de los 4 años de edad. Además de las implicaciones sociales, cambios de ropa frecuentes, puede provocar neumonías por aspiración y deshidratación. El manejo de la sialorrea requiere una evaluación completa con un enfoque de equipo multidisciplinario para el tratamiento, que incluye terapias no farmacológicas, farmacológicas y quirúrgicas. Objetivo: Presentar resultados quirúrgicos y farmacológicos en el tratamiento de sialorrea masiva. Material y Método: Se realizó revisión de historias clínicas de 7 pacientes portadores de sialorrea masiva. Todos los pacientes incluidos fueron refractarios a tratamiento médico. El diagnóstico fue obtenido por un equipo multidisciplinario. Se les realizó desfuncionalización quirúrgica y farmacológica de glándulas salivales. Se les aplicó Escala de Severidad (DSS) y escala de frecuencia (DFS), previo a cirugía y posterior a procedimiento hasta el año. Resultados: Mejoría clínica subjetiva posterior a desfuncionalización quirúrgica con disminución de DSS y DFS. Disminución promedio de baberos a 10/día. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos son buenos, si se consideran las escalas DSS, DFS y el número de baberos al día, que son mediciones tanto subjetivas y objetivas respectivamente.

Introduction: Massive Sialorrhea is the involuntary loss of saliva from the mouth, either due to excessive saliva production or decreased swallowing frequency. We speak of pathological sialorrhea when it persists beyond 4 years old. In addition to the social implications and frequent clothing changes. It can cause aspiration pneumonia and dehydration. Treatment for sialorrhea requires a comprehensive evaluation with a multidisciplinary team approach. Including non-pharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical therapies. Aim: Presentation of the results of surgical defunctionalization of the salivary glands plus injection of Botulinum Toxin in the treatment of massive sialorrhea. Material and Method: A review of the clinical records of 7 patients with massive sialorrhea was carried out. All included patients were refractory to medical treatment. The diagnosis was obtained by a multidisciplinary team. Surgical and pharmacological dysfunctionalization of salivary glands was performed. Severity Scale (DSS) and Frequency Scale (DFS) were applied before surgery and after the procedure up to a year. Results: Subjective clinical improvement after surgical defunctionalization with decreased SHD and DFS. Average decrease in bibs to 10/day. Conclusion: The evaluated strategy presented similar benefits with respect to the literature. The SHD and DFS scales and the number of bibs per day are both subjective and objective measurements, respectively, and allow the clinical improvement and quality of life of patients undergoing surgery to be evaluated individually.

Epithelial salivary gland tumors in pediatric patients: An international collaborative study.

OBJECTIVE: Salivary gland tumors (SGT) are a diverse group of uncommon neoplasms that are rare in pediatric patients. This study aimed to characterize the clinicopathological profile of pediatric patients affected by SGT from a large case series derived from an international group of academic centers. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with SGT (0-19 years old) diagnosed between 2000 and 2021 from Brazil, South Africa, and the United Kingdom was performed. SPSS Statistics for Windows was used for a quantitative analysis of the data, with a descriptive analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics and the association between clinical variables and diagnoses. RESULTS: A total of 203 cases of epithelial SGT were included. Females were slightly more commonly (56.5%), with a mean age of 14.1 years. The palate was the most common site (43.5%), followed by the parotid gland (29%), lip (10%), and submandibular gland (7.5%). The predominant clinical presentation was a flesh-colored, smooth, and painless nodule. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was the most frequently diagnosed SGT (58.6%), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) (26.6%). Surgery (90.8%) was the favored treatment option. CONCLUSIONS: Benign SGT in pediatric patients are more commonly benign than malignant tumors. Clinicians should keep PA and MEC in mind when assessing nodular lesions of possible salivary gland origin in pediatric patients.

Parotid salivary mucocele in a companion rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): a report on the clinical and laboratory characteristics and surgical treatment - case report / [Mucocele salivar parotídea em coelho doméstico (Oryctolagus cuniculus): relato de características clínico-laboratoriais e tratamento cirúrgico - relato de caso]

The present report aimed to describe the main characteristics of the parotid salivary mucocele in an adult male rabbit, which presented with a painless fluctuating mass with fluid content. Owing to the need for repeated fluid drainage, surgical excision was the chosen mode of treatment. Preoperative evaluation included radiography and blood analysis. The patient underwent surgical excision of the affected gland. Inhalation anesthesia was maintained by means of isoflurane and the cardio-respiratory parameters were monitored throughout the surgery. A bipolar electrocautery was used to assist in the incision and polyglactin 910 and nylon were the suture materials used in the wound closure technique. Post-operative medications included analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics. Histopathology of the excised glandular tissue revealed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, fibroblasts, hemorrhage and hyperemia. The observations in this case suggest that surgical excision of the affected gland is the treatment of choice for the management of mucocele in companion rabbits, which has already been identified for other animals. Periodic acid-reactive Schiff staining confirmed the diagnosis of salivary mucocele. The complementary investigations helped to rule out the differential diagnosis and indicated a favorable prognosis, in view of the fact that the case was successfully resolved without complications or recurrence.(AU)

O presente relato teve como objetivo descrever as principais características da mucocele salivar parotídea em um coelho macho adulto, que apresentou uma massa flutuante indolor e com um conteúdo líquido em seu interior. Devido à necessidade de repetidas punções deste fluido, optou-se pela excisão cirúrgica como forma de tratamento. A avaliação pré-operatória incluiu radiografias e análises sanguíneas. O paciente foi submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico com excisão da glândula afetada. A anestesia inalatória foi mantida com isoflurano e os parâmetros cardio-respiratórios foram monitorados durante a cirurgia. Um eletrocautério bipolar foi utilizado para auxiliar na incisão e os fios poliglactina 910 e nylon foram utilizados na técnica de sutura. As medicações pós-operatórias incluíram agentes analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios e antibióticos. A histopatologia do tecido glandular removido revelou infiltrado inflamatório misto, fibroblastos, hemorragia e hiperemia. As observações neste caso sugerem que a remoção cirúrgica da glândula afetada seja o tratamento de escolha no manejo da mucocele em coelhos de companhia, o que já vem sendo identificado para outros animais. A coloração do ácido periódico reativo de Schiff confirmou o diagnóstico da mucocele salivar. Os exames complementares ajudaram a excluir as doenças que fazem parte do diagnóstico diferencial e indicaram um prognóstico favorável, tendo em vista o fato que este caso foi resolvido com sucesso, sem complicações ou recorrência.(AU)

Effects of treatments for drooling on caries risk in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular impairment makes individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) more prone to drooling. Among the treatment options, there are procedures that interfere with saliva production. It is imperative to evaluate the effect of the different modalities since the reduction in salivary flow rate/production may exacerbate the risk of dental caries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different treatments for drooling on caries risk and salivary parameters in children and adolescents with CP. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 142 children and adolescents with CP, aged 6 to 18 years, were assigned to groups based on the different treatments they had received for drooling: G1-anticholinergic drugs (n = 18), G2-botulinum toxin injection (n = 16), G3-salivary glands surgery (n = 16), G4-no treatment (n = 42), and G5-non-drooling subjects (n = 50). All participants were evaluated on the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and for the prevalence of dental caries (decayed, missing, and filled teeth index and white spot lesions). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, and salivary flow rate and osmolality were measured. Chi-square, ANOVA and Poisson regression were calculated. Prevalence ratios and their respective 95 % confidence intervals were obtained. The significance level was fixed at 5%. RESULTS: No differences were found in the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (p = 0.128) and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (p = 0.674) among the different groups. G3 presented significantly higher percentages of WSL (p < 0.001), lower values of salivary flow rate (p < 0.001), and higher values of osmolality (p < 0.001). The white spot lesion prevalence ratio was higher only for G3 (Prevalence ratio = 14.36; IC 95% = 4.64-44.40; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with CP who had received surgical treatment for drooling exhibited higher number of white spot lesions because of the reduced salivary flow rate and higher salivary osmolality.

Técnica de Shira utilizada no tratamento de mucocele: Quando indicar? Como realizar? / Shira's technique used in mucocele treatment: when indicate? How to perform?

O termo mucocele é empregado clinicamente como um termo genérico, para se referir aos fenômenos de retenção e extravasamento de muco, sendo essa lesão um pseudocisto de etiologia traumática, decorrente do rompimento do ducto de uma glândula salivar menor. Clinicamente, esse tipo de lesão pode se apresentar como uma tumefação ou bolha, macia à palpação, de coloração azulada ou, mesmo, normocrômica, dependendo da sua profundidade nos tecidos, assintomática, de superfície lisa e de tamanho variado, sendo o lábio inferior a região mais acometida. Com relação ao seu tratamento, a enucleação é a técnica mais preconizada. Entretanto, algumas técnicas alternativas têm sido propostas na literatura para esse fim, como o uso do laser de dióxido de carbono, marsupialização e a técnica de Shira, sendo esta realizada com a injeção prévia de um hidrocoloide irreversível no interior da lesão, para evitar o extravasamento do conteúdo mucoso no momento da divulsão cirúrgica. O objetivo deste trabalho é mudar o caso clínico da paciente encaminhada à Clínica de Cirurgia Oral menor da Universidade Federal Fluminense, lhe apresentou, ao exame clínico, uma mucocele em lábio inferior do lado direito, com 14 dias de evolução e cerca de 2,0 cm em seu maior diâmetro, tendo sido realizado remoção completa da lesão por meio da técnica de Shira. A paciente evoluiu sem complicações e recidiva da lesão... (AU)

The mucocele term is used clinically as a generic term to refer to retention phenomenon and mucus extravasation, which is a pseudocyst injury of traumatic etiology, due to the rupture of the duct of a minor salivary gland. Clinically this type of injury may present as a swelling or blister, soft palpation, bluish or even normochromic coloring, depending on their depth in the tissues, asymptomatic smooth surface and varying size, with the lower lip the most affected region. Regarding treatment, enucleation is the recommended technique. However, some alternative techniques have been proposed in the literature for this purpose, such as using carbon dioxide laser, Marsupialization and Shira's technique, which is performed with the previous injection of an irreversible hydrocolloid inside the lesion to avoid extravasation the mucous content at the time of surgical divulsion. The aim of this paper is to present a case of C.R.F. patient, 18-year-old female was referred to minor oral surgery clinic of the Federal Fluminense University, with clinical examination mucoceles in lower right lip 14 days of evolution and about 2.0 cm in its largest diameter, where complete removal of the lesion was performed using the Shira's technique. The same progressed without complications and recurrence of injury... (AU)

Adenoma pleomórfico em lábio inferior: relato de caso / Pleomorphic adenoma in lower lip: case report

O adenoma pleomórfico é o tumor benigno mais comum de glândulas salivares, acometendo, com mais frequência, as glândulas salivares maiores, especialmente a glândula parótida. Geralmente se apresenta como nódulo firme, indolor e de crescimento lento. Suas localizações mais comuns, em glândulas salivares menores, são o palato mole, duro e lábio superior, podendo ser encontrado em outras regiões com menos frequência. Essa lesão tem ligeira preferência pelo gênero feminino e seu tratamento consiste na excisão cirúrgica. O prognóstico é bom para as lesões benignas enucleadas. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um paciente portador de adenoma pleomórfico em lábio inferior. O paciente foi tratado sem intercorrências por meio da excisão cirúrgica da lesão e encontra-se em acompanhamento pós-operatório de um ano sem sinais de recidiva e sem queixas funcionais ou estéticas. No entanto, um acompanhamento mais prolongado se faz necessário para indicar cura do paciente... (AU)

Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor most common of salivary glands, it usually occurs in major salivary glands, especially the parotid gland. Normally, it is seen as a firm nodule, painless with slow growth. Its locations most common, in minor salivary glands, are the soft and hard palate and upper lip, it can be found in other regions less frequently. This lesion has slight preference for females and its treatment consists on surgical excision. The prognosis is good to the removed benign lesions. The aim of this work is to report the case of a patient with the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma in lower lip. The case was treated without complications, and a year follow-up patient showed no recurrence, but longer follow is necessary to indicate patient's cure... (AU)

Enfermedad de Castleman en glándula salival: informe de un caso pediátrico / Castleman disease in salivary gland: report of a pediatric case

La enfermedad de Castleman (EC) es una rara entidad linfoproliferativa benigna caracterizada por el crecimiento no neoplásico progresivo de los ganglios linfáticos en cualquier parte del cuerpo, aunque en la mayoría de los casos (60%) afecta el mediastino y, con una muy baja frecuencia, compromete la región de la cabeza y el cuello, incluidas las glándulas salivales. Representa un desafío diagnóstico para el médico porque se presenta con síntomas y signos inespecíficos. Existen dos subtipos: uno localizado en forma de adenopatía sin síntomas generales y otro multicéntrico con compromiso de varios grupos ganglionares y con manifestaciones clínicas sistémicas y alteraciones del laboratorio. El diagnóstico requiere un examen físico completo y exámenes complementarios (laboratorio, ecografía, tomografía computarizada o resonancia magnética nuclear o ambas, punción aspiración con aguja fina) y se confirma a través del análisis histopatológico. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, pero la forma multicéntrica requiere además un tratamiento adyuvante. A pesar de su localización inusual en las glándulas salivales, la EC debería ser considerada entre los diagnósticos diferenciales, sobre todo ante la sospecha de procesos linfoproliferativos. Se describe en este trabajo el caso de una paciente pediátrica con diagnóstico de EC localizada en la glándula submaxilar, y se realizó una revisión de la literatura. (AU)

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative entity characterized for a non ­ neoplasic progressive growth of the lymph nodes in any part of the body; nevertheless it usually affects the mediastinum (60 %), and with less frequency, it compromises the head and neck region, including the salivary glands. It represents a diagnostic challenge for the doctor, because it has nonspecific symptoms and signs. There are two subtypes: the localized form, that generally is presented through an adenopaty without systemic symptoms, and a multicentric form that compromises several nodal groups and has systemic symptoms and laboratory abnormalities. Diagnosis requires a complete physical examination and complementary exams (blood tests, ultrasonography, computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance, fine needle puncture ­ aspiration), and the final diagnosis is through histopathological analysis. The treatment is surgery, but multicentric form requires adyuvant treatment. Although its unusual presentation in salivary glands, CD should be considered between differential diagnosis, especially when we are thinking of lymphoproliferative entities. In this article, we present a case of a pediatric patient with diagnosis of CD of submaxilar gland and we review the literatura about this disease with special attention in the salivary glands location. (AU)

Rigid endoscopy to aid the treatment of cervical mucocele in a dog

Background: Sialocele or salivary mucocele is the accumulation of saliva in the glandular connective tissue due to a leakage from damaged salivary duct, which is surrounded by granulation tissue. The mucocele can be classified according to its location (cervical, pharyngeal or sublingual, the latter being known as ranula). The treatment consists of salivary gland and duct excision. However, in some cases, the definition of which side is affected is a challenge for surgeons. Keeping this in view, the aim of the present study was to describe the use of rigid endoscopy to determine the affected gland in a dog with cervical mucocele.Case: A five-year-old Dachshund, weighting 8.2 kg, was presenting progressive swelling in the ventral cervical area. The animal presented apathy, appetite loss and saliva drooling. A fluctuant, non-painful, fluid filled mass was noted on physical examination. Sialocele was diagnosed and surgery was undertaken to excise the involved gland and mass. The patient was positioned in dorsal recumbence. A skin incision was performed in the cranial-ventral aspect of the mass as it was not possible to precise the affected side. Following drainage of the content, the inner aspect of the sialocele capsule was digitally palpated using the surgeons index finger. However, it was still not possible to determinate the affected side...

Rigid endoscopy to aid the treatment of cervical mucocele in a dog

Background: Sialocele or salivary mucocele is the accumulation of saliva in the glandular connective tissue due to a leakage from damaged salivary duct, which is surrounded by granulation tissue. The mucocele can be classified according to its location (cervical, pharyngeal or sublingual, the latter being known as ranula). The treatment consists of salivary gland and duct excision. However, in some cases, the definition of which side is affected is a challenge for surgeons. Keeping this in view, the aim of the present study was to describe the use of rigid endoscopy to determine the affected gland in a dog with cervical mucocele.Case: A five-year-old Dachshund, weighting 8.2 kg, was presenting progressive swelling in the ventral cervical area. The animal presented apathy, appetite loss and saliva drooling. A fluctuant, non-painful, fluid filled mass was noted on physical examination. Sialocele was diagnosed and surgery was undertaken to excise the involved gland and mass. The patient was positioned in dorsal recumbence. A skin incision was performed in the cranial-ventral aspect of the mass as it was not possible to precise the affected side. Following drainage of the content, the inner aspect of the sialocele capsule was digitally palpated using the surgeons index finger. However, it was still not possible to determinate the affected side...(AU)

Lábio duplo bilabial / Bilabial double lip

O lábio duplo é uma entidade rara, com poucos relatos, que geralmente afeta o lábio superior, sendo de fácil diagnóstico clínico. Pode ter origem congênita ou adquirida. O tratamento cirúrgico é indicado por queixa estética ou funcional, de simples execução. Este relato refere-se a um caso de lábio duplo bilabial em paciente do sexo masculino de 14 anos, em que foi realizada correção cirúrgica por motivação estética do paciente, com ótimo resultado dos pontos de vista estético e funcional.

There are few published reports on double lip, a rare entity that usually affects the upper lip, and that is easily diagnosed clinically. It may be congenital or acquired. Surgical treatment is indicated for aesthetic or functional complaints, and is simple to implement. This report describes a case of bilabial double lip in a 14-year-old male patient, in whom surgical correction was carried out for aesthetic reasons, with excellent aesthetic and functional results.

Incidencia de tumor de glándula parótida / Parotid gland tumor incidence

La patología tumoral de las glándulas salivares representa el grupo más heterogéneo y complejo de los procesos tumorales de cabeza y cuello. Su prevalencia en la literatura mundial es descrita en un 5% de todas las neoplasias de cabeza y cuello. El tumor de glándula parótida es el más frecuente presentándose en un 75% de los tumores de glándula salivares. Su evolución es asintomática, descrito en la sexta década de la vida, manifestándose con aumento de volumen de la zona, siendo más frecuentes los tumores benignos. Se realiza estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo en base a historia clínica. La población correspondió a 6 individuos, 66,66% al sexo masculino y un 33,33% al femenino. El tumor se localizó en un 83,3% a nivel de la glándula parótida derecha. El resultado anatomopatológico concluyó en un 50% de frecuencia para adenoma pleomórfico, Un 33,3% para quiste benigno y un 16,6% para linfoma no Hodgkin. Fueron encontrados 6 casos compatibles con el diagnóstico clínico y anatomopatológico de tumor de glándula parótida con predisposición en el sexo masculino y pacientes menores de 40 años. Las técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas para la resección del tumor fueron la parotidectomía total y subtotal. Los hallazgos anatomopatológicos correspondieron en un 50% para el adenoma pleomórfico, 33,3% para el quiste benigno. Presentándose en un porcentaje elevado en relación a la literatura el linfoma no Hodgkin con 16,6%.

The tumor like pathology of the salivary glands represents the most heterogeneous and complex group of the tumor like processes of head and neck. Its prevalence in worldwide literature is described in a 5% of all the tumors of head and neck. The tumor of parotid gland is most frequent appearing in a 75% of the salivary gland tumors. Its evolution is asymptomatic, described in the sixth decade of the life, pronouncing itself with increase of volume of the zone, being more frequent the benign tumors. Retrospective and descriptive studyon the basis of clinical history is realized. The population corresponded to 6 individuals, 66.66% to male sex and 33.33% to female. The tumor located in 83.3% concerning the right parotid gland. The anatomical pathology result conclude in a 50% of frequency for pleomorphic adenoma, a 33.3% for benign cyst and 16.6% for lymphoma non Hodgkin. We was found 6 compatible cases with the clinical diagnosis and anatomical pathology of tumor of gland parotid with predisposition in masculine sex and patient minors of 40 years the used surgical techniques for the resection of the tumor were parotidectomy total and subtotal. The ended results of the biopsy findings corresponded in a 50% for the pleomorphic adenoma, 33.3% for the benign cyst. Appearing in a percentage lifted in relation to literature lymphoma non Hodgkin with a 16.6%.

Impact of submandibular gland excision on salivary gland function in head and neck cancer patients.

Head and neck cancer surgery is often associated with neck dissection and usually includes the submandibular glands. Literature data related to remaining salivary gland function after surgery is scarce and controversial. A reduction in salivary output and increase in complaints of xerostomia have been suggested. However, a compensatory salivary mechanism has also been reported. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of neck dissection (with submandibular excision) on salivary gland function measured by salivary flow rate and salivary gland scintigraphy. A total of 80 patients with head and neck tumors were evaluated. The surgery group was composed of 37 patients, who underwent submandibular gland resection, and the non-surgery group of 43 patients evaluated prior to radiation and/or chemotherapy treatment. Whole unstimulated and stimulated saliva collection and salivary gland scintigraphy were performed in all patients. Twenty-one percent of patients in the surgery group reported xerostomia, whereas 7% in the non-surgery group. The mean unstimulated salivary flow was 0.60 and 0.94 m/min for the surgery and non-surgery groups, respectively (p=0.008). Nevertheless, no statistical difference in the stimulated salivary flow was observed between the groups (p=0.26). In addition, the mean uptake and excretion rates for parotid and remaining submandibular glands also showed no statistical difference. The data of the present study support the contention that submandibular gland resection causes a decrease in unstimulated salivary volume. However, the residual submandibular glands in the surgery group showed similar function to that of submandibular glands in the non-surgery group. Consequently, the compensatory salivary mechanism seems not to be a possibility.

Salivary gland surgery for control of chronic pulmonary aspiration in children with cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of surgical saliva reduction to decrease pulmonary aspiration in children with cerebral palsy and its repercussions in respiratory infection control. METHODS: Twenty-nine children with neurological impairment and diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspiration were submitted to bilateral submandibular gland excision and bilateral parotid duct ligation at the Association for the Welfare of Physically Handicapped Children, from December 2001 to December 2004. Postoperative frequency of lower respiratory tract infection, hospitalization rate due to pulmonary infection and airway secretion level after the surgery were compared to preoperative period. RESULTS: Twenty-nine children with cerebral palsy aged 18 months to 9 years were submitted to submandibular glands excision and parotid ducts ligation. All children had gastrostomy and no oral intake. There were no major complications; two children had reopening of one parotid duct. Frequency of lower respiratory tract infections, rate of hospitalization for treatment of pulmonary infections and level of airway secretion were statistically reduced. Preoperative mean rate of lower respiratory tract infection was 6.9/year; in postoperative period, rate was 2.4/year (p<0.001). Pneumonia hospitalization mean rate was 63.4 days/year preoperatively and 17.5 days/year postoperatively (p<0.001). There was also a significant improvement in the need for suctioning of upper airway secretion (mean 11 times/day in preoperative period and 3.1 times/day in the postoperative period; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In children with cerebral palsy, surgical saliva reduction by submandibular glands excision and parotid ducts ligation is an effective and safe technique for frequency reduction of lower respiratory tract infection and level of airway secretion.

Adenoma pleomórfico em palato mole / Pleomorphic adenoma of the soft palate

Adenoma pleomórfico (AP) é a neoplasia de glândula salivar mais comum. A lesão apresenta-se como uma massa firme de crescimento lento e indolor. Pode ocorrer em qualquer idade, sendo mais comum em adultos jovens entre 30 e 50 anos. A diversidade do padrão morfológico histopatológico é um dos seus aspectos mais característicos. Este artigo relata um caso de adenoma pleomórfico de palato mole, enfatizando aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos.

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland neoplasm. The lesion present as firm mass with slow rate of growth and asymptomatic. It can occur at any age, but young adults between 30 and 50 years are common. The diversity morphologic pattern is one of the most characteristic aspects of this lesion. This article report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the soft palate emphasizing diagnostic aspects and therapeutics.

Punción aspirativa con aguja fina (PAAF) y estudio histológico de fragmentos titulares en glándulas salivales mayores / Fine needle aspiration biopsy and histologic study of major salivary gland fragments

Objetivo: estudiar la efectividad de los extendidos y fragmentos obtenidos a través de la PAAF en glándulas salivales mayores. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre PAAF y estudio de fragmentos titulares en glándulas salivales. Se punzaron 21 masas en glándulas salivales mayores y los resultados fueron comparados con el estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica en caso de que estuviera indicado. Se realizaron 21 PAAF y se obtuvo 15 extendidos satisfactorios (71 por ciento). El resultado de las PAAF sugirió la presencia de 9 tumores benignos, tres lesiones infecciosas, una lesión linfoproliferativa y 2 metástasis. Fue posible tomar fragmentos con la PAAF en 5 casos y en4 fueron efectivos en el diagnóstico. Se evitó realizar cirugías innecesarias en 4 casos (26 por ciento). El uso combinado de extendidos citológicos y fragmentos obtenidos por PAAF es una alternativa valiosa para el diagnóstico preoperatorio de lesiones que afectan glándulas salivales mayores; de todas maneras hacen falta más estudios sobre el uso combinado de ellos (AU)

Punción aspirativa con aguja fina (PAAF) y estudio histológico de fragmentos titulares en glándulas salivales mayores / Fine needle aspiration biopsy and histologic study of major salivary gland fragments

Objetivo: estudiar la efectividad de los extendidos y fragmentos obtenidos a través de la PAAF en glándulas salivales mayores. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre PAAF y estudio de fragmentos titulares en glándulas salivales. Se punzaron 21 masas en glándulas salivales mayores y los resultados fueron comparados con el estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica en caso de que estuviera indicado. Se realizaron 21 PAAF y se obtuvo 15 extendidos satisfactorios (71 por ciento). El resultado de las PAAF sugirió la presencia de 9 tumores benignos, tres lesiones infecciosas, una lesión linfoproliferativa y 2 metástasis. Fue posible tomar fragmentos con la PAAF en 5 casos y en4 fueron efectivos en el diagnóstico. Se evitó realizar cirugías innecesarias en 4 casos (26 por ciento). El uso combinado de extendidos citológicos y fragmentos obtenidos por PAAF es una alternativa valiosa para el diagnóstico preoperatorio de lesiones que afectan glándulas salivales mayores; de todas maneras hacen falta más estudios sobre el uso combinado de ellos

Modelo experimental de sialedenectomía submandibular con técnica endoscópica / Endoscopic submandibular sialadenectomy in rabbits

Introducción: Este trabajo consiste en un modelo experimental para la aplicación de técnica mínimamente invasiva a la cirugía de cabeza y cuello. En la literatura se han reportado dos vías de abordaje para la extirpación de glándula salival, una cervical y la otra vía piso de boca. Como hipótesis nos cuestionamos si acaso era posible hacer una extirpación de la glándula salival por vía cervical, con técnica endoscópica, en conejos. Objetivo: Desarrollar una técnica de abordaje, disección y extirpación de la glándula submandibular utilizando una técnica endoscópica en conejos. Material y Método: Este proyecto se realizó durante el período de Mayo hasta Julio de 2005, en el CEICIL. Diez conejos de laboratorio fueron operados con técnica endoscópica. Cervicotomía transversa de 2 cm de longitud. Insuflación de CO2 con aguja de Veress, creando un enfisema subcutáneo. Colocación de trocar para óptica de 10 mm, colocación de dos agujas de Veress triangulado con la cámara. Abordaje de compartimento glandular por vía subcutánea, con disección roma, identificando y aislando la glándula. Resultados: Se completó la cirugía en los 10 conejos. Fallecieron dos antes de terminado el procedimiento. Tiempo promedio de 40 minutos. Hubo complicaciones con el sangrado en 2 de los conejos. Conclusiones: Es factible la extirpación glandular por vía cervical con técnica endoscópica, en conejos. La complicación hemorrágica es un hecho a evaluar en estudios futuros, en lo posible contando con técnicas hemostáticas más avanzadas, como el Ligasure de minilaparoscopía.

Background: Salivary gland excision can be performed using a cervical approach using an endoscopic technique. Aim: To develop an endoscopic technique to excise the submandibular gland using a cervical approach in rabbits. Material and methods: Ten rabbits were operated using an endoscopic approach. A 2 cm transverse cervical incision was done and CO2 was insufflated with a Veress needle, creating a subcutaneous emphysema. A 10 cm optical trocar was placed and two Veress needles were triangulated with the camera. The glandular compartment was approached using a subcutaneous pathway, a blunt dissection was carried out identifying and isolating the gland. Results: Two rabbits died before completing the procedure. Mean surgical time was 40 minutes. Two rabbits had a bleeding as complication. Conclusions: Endoscopic submandibular gland excision through a cervical approach is feasible in rabbits. Bleeding can be a problem that must be solved using more advanced hemostatic techniques.

Lábio duplo congênito / Congenital double lip

O lábio duplo é descrito como uma anomalia congênita ou adquirida, caracterizada por uma dobra de tecido excessivo no lado interno do lábio. O lábio superior é acometido com maior freqüência que o inferior, quando o lábio superior é distendido o lábio duplo fica evidente e assume o aspecto de um "arco de cupido". A ocorrência do lábio duplo associado com a blefarocalese (aumento de volume da conjuntiva da pálpebra superior que se projeta sobre o globo ocular) e o aumento de volume atóxico da tireóide é conhecida como síndrome de Ascher. Neste trabalho apresenta-se um caso de lábio duplo congênito localizado no lábio superior que foi diagnosticado em paciente do gênero masculino com 49 anos de idade, com queixa de aumento de volume no lábio superior, que era visível durante o sorriso

Tumores das glândulas salivares maiores: estudo restrospecitvo / Major salivary glands tumors: restrospective study

Os Tumores das Glândulas Salivares Maiores estão localizados nas Glândulas Parótida, Submandibular e Sublingual e correspondem a aproximadamente 3 a 5 porcento de todas as neoplasias do segmento cabeça e pescoço. O objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar o comportamento dos Tumores Benignos e Malignos das Glândulas Salivares Maiores de pacientes atendidos e tratados no Serviço de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço do Centro de Oncologia (CEON) do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz (HUOC) - Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), no período de Janeiro de 1975 a Janeiro de 2003 (28 anos). Em um total de 153 casos (100 porcento), o sexo feminino foi mais prevalente (61,5 porcento), bem como a 4ª e 5ª décadas de vida. Os tipos histológicos benigno e maligno predominantes foram o adenoma pleomórfico (58,2 porcento) e o carcinoma mucoepidermóide (7,8 porcento), respectivamente. A complicação cirúrgica pós-operatória mais freqüente foi a parestesia do ramo mandibular facial (41,9 porcento), seguida da síndrome de Frey (20,8 porcento). Através de um estudo retrospectivo, foram analisados aspectos etiológicos, clínicos, histopatológicos, diagnóstico diferencial, tratamento e prognóstico, e compararam-se os referidos indicadores com os apresentados na revisão da bibliografia consultada. Demonstram, ainda, sua experiência com a referida patologia, e suas conclusões do material estudado

Cirugía mayor ambulatoria de glándulas salivales / Major outpatient surgery of salivary glands

Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo a 27 pacientes con afecciones en las glándulas salivales, seleccionados para cirugía ambulatoria con el objetivo de valorar los resultados de este procedimiento en el Hospital General Docente "Martín Chang Puga" de Nuevitas, Camagüey, desde marzo de 2000 a septiembre de 2002. Los pacientes siguieron el mecanismo hospitalario instituído para el tratamiento quirúrgico de su enfermedad. La edad media de los pacientes tratados fue 49.3 años, prevaleció el sexo masculino (59.2 por ciento). Las afecciones más frecuentes fueron la sialoadenitis submaxilar crónica (25.9 por ciento) y el adenoma pleomorfo de parótida (48.1 por ciento). La mayoría de los pacientes no presentaron complicaciones (88.9 por ciento), no existió hospitalización imprevista y el proceder proporcionó un alto grado de satisfacción al paciente. El ahorro económico a la institución fue de $ 11362.98 MN