The prevalence and factors associate with vocal nodules in general population: Cross-sectional epidemiological study.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of vocal nodules and to identify factors related with an increased risk for vocal nodules.This study was conducted using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 to 2011. The subjects consisted of 19,636 men and women aged ≥19 years. Related factors such as age, marital status, incomes, and education level were assessed in individual interviews, and health-related behaviors including smoking, alcohol, and activity were assessed with self-administered questionnaires. Also, examination survey such as laryngoscopy examination, basic physical examination, and blood sampling was conducted.The prevalence of vocal nodules was 1.31% (n = 258). Among variable factors, age, education level, and voice disorder were related with the presence of vocal nodules (P < 0.05). Other factors including sex, alcohol, smoking, physical activities, hypertension, obesity, waist circumference and metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, serum calcium, and vitamin D did not show any meaningful relationship with the presence of vocal nodules.This result may help reduce the incidence of vocal nodules and offer proper management for patients with vocal nodules, and may also facilitate efficient allocation of public health resources.

[The anxiety-depressive spectrum disorders in patients with larynx diseases].

AIM: To perform a psychopathological and clinical/psychological analysis of anxiety-depressive spectrum disorders (ADSD) in inflammatory otorhinolaryngological disease - larynx granuloma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 30 patients, aged 33-65 years, including 13 patients with post-surgical recurrence of granuloma and 17 patients diagnosed for the first time with granuloma. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The relationship between larynx granuloma and ADSD, predominantly of chronic type was shown. Prolonged psychotraumatic factors play a significant role in the development of ADSD. A role of anxiety in the ADSD structure as well as an importance of their diagnosis for a choice of therapeutic tactics was confirmed. Psychopharmacotherapy has led to a reduction in the frequency of granuloma relapses. The results confirmed the productivity of affective-stress model, based on the type of affectivity, in the analysis of ADSD.

Flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy in the first hours after extubation for the evaluation of laryngeal lesions due to intubation in the pediatric intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of using fiber-optic laryngoscopy in the first hours after extubation for the early diagnosis of laryngeal lesions in infants and children in the pediatric intensive care unit and describe the findings of such approach. METHODS: Patients 0-4 years old who had undergone endotracheal intubation for longer than 24h were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were history of laryngeal symptoms, current intubation or tracheostomy, craniofacial malformations, or a poor prognosis according to the medical team responsible for the patient. Exams were performed in the pediatric intensive care unit in the first 8h after extubation; the patient was at the bedside and did not receive sedation. The fiber-optic laryngoscope was used to obtain images of the larynx. Minor complications were: saturation decrease not below 85% and rapid recovery, and minor nasal bleeding. Severe complications were: bradycardia and laryngospasm that required intervention. Images were evaluated by a blinded examiner, and findings were classified as mild and unspecific (edema and hyperemia), or specific, such as laryngomalacia and glottic granulation and subglottic ulceration and granulation. Results were expressed as means and standard deviations when the variable had a normal distribution, and as median and interquartile ranges for asymmetric data. RESULTS: Forty-one patients, mean age 2.7 months (interquartile range 1.5-6.1), were included in the study. Fiber-optic laryngoscopy was performed between 40 min and 8h after extubation, and mean time was 4.9h (standard deviation=2.4h). Mean exam duration was 4.16 min (2.41-7.12 min; standard deviation=1 min). One patient (2.4%) had mild desaturation, a minor complication. No other complications were found. Thirty-five patients were available to 6-month follow-up and subglottic stenosis was found in 11.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Fiber-optic laryngoscopy may be safely performed in the first hours after extubation, with few minor complications. It does not take long, but provides accurate information about the conditions of the supraglottic and glottic larynx. The subglottic region can also be visualized in most patients. This easily performed exam seems to be useful for the diagnosis of pediatric patients with acute laryngeal lesions due to intubation.