Avaliação da eficácia do acessório mamilo na remoção dos hábitos deletérios / Evaluation of the effectiveness of the nipple accessory in the removal of the deletery habits

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia do acessório mamilo aplicado a aparelhos ortopédicos/ ortodônticos no tratamento de hábitos deletérios de sucção de chupeta, língua, lábio e dedo, e onicofagia em pacientes tratados nos últimos 20 anos com o aparelho. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo clínico observacional, retrospectivo, no qual a amostra foi composta de prontuários de pacientes de ambos os gêneros, atendidos por profissionais habilitados pelo aparelho mamilo, que os utilizaram em crianças de 03 a 16 anos portadoras de hábitos deletérios. Os prontuários utilizados, correspondem a pacientes tratados entre os anos 2000 a 2020. Todas as análises foram realizadas no programa R, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foram analisados 142 prontuários, nos quais 122 foram incluídos, por estarem dentro dos critérios de inclusão propostos no estudo e 20 foram excluídos da pesquisa por apresentarem informações incompletas e/ou não preenchidas corretamente. O hábito com maior incidência foi o de sucção digital, em 71,3% dos pacientes, 91,8% dos pacientes deixaram o hábito, destacando que nos casos de sucção de chupeta e onicofagia, o sucesso na remoção do hábito foi de 100%, em ambos os casos. O tempo médio de uso do aparelho foi de 4,8 meses, variando de 0,6 a 14 meses. O tempo médio para a remoção do hábito após a instalação do aparelho foi de 1,6 meses, variando de 0 a 12 meses. Conclusão: O aparelho mamilo, mostra-se como uma alternativa de alta eficácia na remoção de hábitos deletérios de sução de chupeta, dedo, língua e onicofagia.(AU)

Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of the nipple accessory applied to orthopedic/orthodontic appliances in the treatment of harmful pacifier, tongue, lip and finger sucking habits, and onychophagia in patients treated in the last 20 years with the device. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective clinical study, in which the sample consisted of medical records of patients of both genders, assisted by professionals qualified by the nipple device, who used them in children aged 03 to 16 years with deleterious habits. The medical records used correspond to patients treated between the years 2000 and 2020. All analyzes were performed in the R program, with a significance level of 5%. Results: 142 medical records were analyzed, in which 122 were included, as they were within the inclusion criteria proposed in the study and 20 were excluded from the research because they presented incomplete information and/or not filled in correctly. The habit with the highest incidence was digital sucking, in 71.3% of patients, 91.8% of patients quit the habit, noting that in cases of pacifier sucking and onychophagia, success in removing the habit was 100%, in both cases. The average time of use of the device was 4.8 months, ranging from 0.6 to 14 months. The mean time to remove the habit after installing the device was 1.6 months, ranging from 0 to 12 months. Conclusion: The nipple device is a highly efficient alternative for removing harmful habits of pacifier, finger, tongue and onychophagy sucking.(AU)

Intervención educativa en la Escuela Primaria «Paco Cuesta¼ / Educational intervention at "Paco Cuesta" Primary School

RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio de intervención educativa en 48 estudiantes de la Escuela Primaria «Paco Cuesta¼, ubicada en el área de salud «XX Aniversario¼ del municipio Santa Clara, Villa Clara, durante el curso escolar 2016 - 2017. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje sobre hábitos bucales deformantes en escolares de cuarto grado, y evaluar, a corto plazo, los resultados obtenidos en la población objeto de estudio. Los resultados demostraron que los adolescentes modificaron positivamente la información que tenían sobre estas temáticas a partir de las instrucciones de los profesionales.

ABSTRACT An educational intervention study was carried out in 48 students belonging to "Paco Cuesta" Primary School which is located in the «XX Anniversary¼ health area from Santa Clara municipality, Villa Clara, during the 2016-2017 academic year. The objectives of this research were to identify the learning needs about deforming oral habits in fourth-grade school children, and to evaluate the results obtained, in the population under study, in the short term period. The results showed that the adolescents positively modified the information they had on these topics based on the instructions of the professionals.

Prevalence of malocclusion and non-physiological oral habits in primary school children from Ercilla, Chile / Prevalencia de maloclusión y hábitos bucales no fisiológicos en niños de primaria de Ercilla, Chile

Introduction: Dentomaxillary Anomalies (DMA) affect the growth and morphology of the stomatognathic system of individuals, representing a public health problem. Few studies have described its prevalence among vulnerable populations in Chile. The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of DMA and its association to non-physiological habits (NFH) and sociodemographic characteristics among primary school children living in Ercilla, Chile. Material and Methods: A convenience sample of 327 primary school students from six schools in Ercilla, were assessed through an intraoral and extraoral evaluation. Overjet, overbite, molar relationship, presence of DMAs, and NFHs were measured. Descriptive statistics, analysis of association between DMAs and studied factors, and logistic regression models were done and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals presented. Results: A total of 61.5% of students presented at least one DMA. Chi-square test showed no significant association between DMA prevalence and NHFs, however, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, children with NFH were 1.69 (95%CI 1.02-2.78) times more likely to have DMAs. Gender and area of residence were not significantly associated with DMAs. Conclusion: In children from Ercilla, DMAs were associated with NFHs, however, sociodemographic characteristics did not have a significant role in the presence of DMA, suggesting that sociodemographic factors might not strongly influence orthodontic needs among children from this geographical area.

Introducción: Las anomalías dentomaxilares (ADM) afectan el crecimiento y la morfología del sistema estomatognático de los individuos, lo que representa un problema de salud pública. Pocos estudios han descrito su prevalencia en poblaciones vulnerables en Chile. El objetivo del estudio fue explorar la prevalencia de ADM y su asociación con hábitos no fisiológicos (HNF) y características sociodemográficas en niños de escuela primaria que viven en Ercilla, Chile. Material y Métodos:Se evaluó una muestra de conveniencia de 327 estudiantes de educación básica de seis escuelas de Ercilla mediante una evaluación intraoral y extraoral. Se midieron el resalte, la sobremordida, la relación molar, la presencia de DMA y HNF. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis de asociación entre ADMs y los factores estudiados, y modelos de regresión logística y se presentaron odds ratio con intervalos de confianza del 95%. Resultados: El 61,5% de los alumnos presentó al menos una ADM. La prueba de chi-cuadrado no mostróuna asociación significativa entre la prevalencia de ADM y HNF, sin embargo, después de ajustar de acuerdo a factores sociodemográficos, los niños con HNF tenían 1,69 (IC del 95%: 1,02 a 2,78) veces más probabilidades de tener ADMs. El género y el área de residencia no se asociaron significativamente con las ADMs. Conclusión: En los niños de Ercilla, las DMA se asociaron con NFH, sin embargo, las características sociodemográficas no tuvieron un papel significativo en la presencia de DMA, lo que sugiere que los factores sociodemográficos podrían no influir fuertemente en las necesidades de ortodoncia entre los niños de esta área geográfica.

Prevalencia de lesiones bucales en tejido blando encontradas en la Clínica de Estomatología de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de los Andes: periodo 2015-2018 / Prevalence of oral lesions in soft tissue found in the Clinic of Stomatology of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of los Andes: 2015-2018 period

Introducción: La epidemiología sobre alteraciones en tejidos blandos bucales es limitada cuando se compara con caries, enfermedades periodontales y maloclusiones, por lo que su estudio representa un paso adelante en la odontología más allá de los dientes. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de las lesiones bucales en tejido blando encontradas en la Clínica de Estomatología de la Facultad de Odontología de la ULA, del 2015 al 2018, con la finalidad de proporcionar una fuente de datos actualizada, que oriente a una mejor prevención y oportuno diagnóstico. Material y métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, documental, retrospectiva y multivariable. Resultados: De 1,000 fichas clínicas estudiadas, las patologías más frecuentes fueron: lengua saburral (50.6%), queilitis (33.4%), traumatismo de la mucosa de los carrillos (27.6%), várices linguales (18.3%), anquiloglosia (13.7%) y agrandamiento de rugas palatinas (11.7%). La zona con mayor alteración fue la lengua (92.1%), mientras que el paladar fue la menos afectada (29%). De los hábitos predisponentes a la formación de lesiones, el mordisqueo de mucosa fue el más común (16.5%). En cuanto a los factores locales asociados, una higiene oral regular/ deficiente resultó el principal (53.8%). Conclusión: La educación del paciente sigue siendo considerada la clave para disminuir la aparición de patologías y su evolución a entidades más graves (AU)

Introduction: Epidemiological studies on soft tissue alterations in the mouth are limited when compared with caries, periodontal diseases and malocclusions, so their study represents a step forward in dentistry beyond the teeth. Objective: To describe the prevalence of soft tissue oral lesions found in the Stomatology Clinic of the ULA School of Dentistry, from 2015 to 2018, in order to provide an up-to-date data source, to guide better prevention and timely diagnosis. Material and methods: A descriptive and documentary, retrospective and multivariable research was carried out. The statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics v 23 was applied for the analysis. Results: 1,000 clinical records studied, the most frequent pathologies were: saburral tongue (50.6%), cheilitis (33.4%), traumatism of the cheek mucosa (27.6%), lingual varices (18.3%), ankyloglossia (13.7%) and enlargement of palatal rugas (11.7%). The tongue was the most affected (92.1%), while the palate was the least affected (29%). Of the predisposing habits to the formation of lesions, mucosal nipping was the most common (16.5%). Regarding the associated local factors, a regular / deficient oral hygiene was the main one (53.8%). Conclusion: Patient education is still considered the key to diminish not only the appearance of pathologies but their evolution to more serious entities (AU)

El quad-hélix, un aparato versátil / The quad-hélix, a versatile appliance

El quad-hélix (QH) es un aparato de expansión maxilar, fabricado con alambre de acero inoxidable soldado a bandas en molares, que dispone de espirales o hélices que aumentan la longitud de alambre del aparato, lo que lo hace muy elástico y aligera la magnitud de la fuerza sobre los dientes, es ampliamente usado tanto en dentición mixta como en permanente temprana, fácil de fabricar, higiénico y bien tolerado por los pacientes. Su principal acción es mover hacia vestibular los procesos dentoalveolares de la arcada maxilar, influyendo secundariamente en la expansión de la sutura palatina media en pacientes con dentición mixta o permanente temprana. El QH es muy práctico y tiene muchos usos y adaptaciones y se puede utilizar como auxiliar en el tratamiento de problemas de hábito de dedo o lengua, para abrir mordida, rotar y dar torque a molares permanentes o para mover sólo un diente en particular. En este artículo describimos una nueva aplicación del QH que consiste en la tracción, de dientes anteriores superiores permanentes retenidos, después del abordaje quirúrgico para localizarlos. También revisaremos las indicaciones, contraindicaciones, ventajas y desventajas del aparato QH soldado a bandas en molares así como su elaboración, variantes y forma de activación (AU)

The quad-helix (QH) is a maxillary expansion appliance, manufactured with stainless steel wire welded to bands in molars, which has spirals or helix to increase the length of wire of the device, which makes it very elastic and lightens the magnitude of the force on the teeth, is widely used both in mixed and in early permanent dentition, is easy to manufacture, hygienic and well tolerated by patients. Its major action is to move towards the dentoalveolar process of the maxillary arcade, secondarily influencing the expansion of the middle palatal suture in young patients with mixed or permanent early dentition. The QH is very practical and has many uses and adaptations as an aid in the treatment of problem of thumb sucking or tongue habit, to open bite, to rotate and torque permanent molars or to move only one particular tooth. In this article we describe a new application of the QH that consist of the traction or retained permanent upper teeth, after surgical approach to locate them. We will also review the indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of the QH welded to molar bands, as well as its construction, variants and activation form (AU)

Hábitos bucales deformantes y su relación etiológica con las maloclusiones / Deforming buccal habits and their etiological relationship with malocclusions

La práctica de hábitos bucales deformantes ha sido motivo para que diferentes investigadores lleven a cabo estudios, centrando su examen, en los requerimientos de enseñanza que se tiene en el tema, ya que ello es el inicio de la continua realización de la actividad y la instalación de maloclusiones. Ha sido planteado en muchas oportunidades el efecto deletéreo de los hábitos deformantes como la succión del dedo, la respiración bucal, el empuje lingual y la necesidad de eliminarlos desde edades tempranas, no obstante, para ello es indispensable la cooperación de pacientes y familiares. Existe una estrecha relación entre prevalencia de maloclusiones y algún tipo de hábito, y que mientras la duración e intensidad del hábito aumenta, también lo hace la probabilidad de desarrollar maloclusiones severas(AU)

The practice of deforming oral habits has been reason for different researchers to carry out studies, focusing their examination, on the teaching requirements of the subject, since this is the beginning of the continuous realization of the activity and the installation of malocclusions.The deleterious effect of deforming habits such as finger sucking, mouth breathing, tongue thrust and the need to eliminate them from an early age has been raised on many occasions, however, for this the cooperation of patients and relatives is indispensable. There is a close relationship between the prevalence of malocclusions and some type of habit, and that while the duration and intensity of habit increases, so does the probability of developing severe malocclusions(EU)

Maloclusiones dentarias y su relación con los hábitos bucales lesivos / Dental malocclusion and its relationship to harmful oral habits

RESUMEN Introducción: La ruptura del equilibrio de las fuerzas extrabucales e intrabucales debido a una función anómala, desencadena maloclusión. Estas funciones musculares anómalas se conocen como hábitos bucales lesivos. Objetivo: Actualizar conocimientos y analizar los factores relacionados con las maloclusiones dentarias como los hábitos bucales lesivos en niños, en función de la frecuencia y duración de la succión nutritiva y no nutritiva, respiración por la boca y el empuje lingual atípico. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en cuatro bases de datos digitales Pubmed, Lilacs, Ibecs y Cumed correspondiente a los últimos 5 años. Se usó tesauro para el idioma inglés malocclusion, habits, finger sucking, pacifiers, bottle feeding, tongue habit, mouth breathing y en español maloclusión, hábitos, succión del dedo, chupete, biberones, hábitos linguales, respiración por la boca. La búsqueda reveló 65 artículos, de estos solo 19 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Análisis e integración de la información: El 89,5 por ciento de los artículos pertenecen a estudios de hábitos de succión no nutritivos solo o en conjunto con otros hábitos; y el 10,5 por ciento realizan investigaciones en niños respiradores bucales. Teniendo en cuenta la duración y frecuencia de los hábitos solo el 26,31 por ciento de las pesquisas seleccionadas tomaron en cuenta estas variables. En hábitos de succión nutritivos presentaron resalte horizontal aumentado, mordida cruzada posterior y escalón distal. Existe una asociación entre períodos cortos de amamantamiento y prevalencia de hábitos de succión no nutritivos; presentan además de maloclusiones anteriormente citadas, mordida abierta anterior. En respiración por la boca citaron clase II, mandíbula corta y retruida y disminución del tercio inferior de la cara. Conclusiones: Numerosas investigaciones se han realizado para asociar la duración de los hábitos de succión nutritivos y no nutritivos con maloclusiones, sin considerar la frecuencia de estos, además existe una reducida información científica en las bases electrónicas exploradas en lo que refiere a estudios de respiración por la boca y empuje lingual atípico en los niños(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Malocclusion is triggered by rupture of the balance between extraoral and intraoral forces as a result of an anomalous function. Such anomalous muscular functions are known as harmful oral habits. Objective: Update knowledge and analyze factors related to dental malocclusions, such as harmful oral habits in children, in terms of the frequency and duration of nutritive and non-nutritive sucking, mouth breathing and atypical tongue thrust. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted of papers published in the last five years in the digital databases Pubmed, Lilacs, Ibecs and Cumed. The search terms used were malocclusion, habits, finger sucking, pacifiers, bottle feeding, tongue habit and mouth breathing in English, and maloclusión, hábitos, succión del dedo, chupete, biberones, hábitos linguales and respiración por la boca in Spanish. 65 papers were obtained, of which only 39 met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis and integration: 89.5 percent of the papers corresponded to studies about non-nutritive sucking habits alone or in combination with other habits, whereas 10.5 percent dealt with studies about mouth breathing children. Only 26.31 percent of the studies selected took into account the variables duration and frequency of the habits. Nutritive sucking habits were found to be associated with overjet, posterior crossbite and distal step. A relationship was also found between a short breastfeeding period and the prevalence of non-nutritive sucking habits, with the presence of anterior open bite alongside the aforementioned malocclusions. Mouth breathing was related to class II, small retrognathic jaw and a decreased lower third of the face. Conclusions: Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between malocclusions and the duration of nutritive and non-nutritive sucking habits, without considering the frequency of such habits. On the other hand, the electronic databases consulted contain few studies about mouth breathing and atypical tongue thrust in children(AU)

Cultura sanitaria sobre hábitos bucales deformantes relacionados con el micrognatismo transversal superior. Escuela Ciro Redondo, 2017 / Sanitary culture on buccal deforming habits related with the superior transverse micrognatismo. School Ciro Redondo. 2017

Introducción: la salud bucal es parte integrante de la salud general, pues un individuo no puede considerarse completamente sano si existe presencia activa de enfermedad bucal. Objetivo: describir la cultura sanitaria sobre hábitos bucales deformantes relacionados con el micrognatismo transversal superior en escolares y padres de Cuarto Grado de la Escuela Ciro Redondo durante el año 2017. Método: se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal sobre hábitos bucales deformantes relacionados con el micrognatismo transversal superior. El universo estuvo constituido por 112 estudiantes de 4to grado de la Escuela Ciro Redondo del municipio Bayamo, en el 2017. Todos formaron parte del estudio. Las variables estudiadas fueron: nivel de conocimiento, necesidades de aprendizaje, hábitos bucales deformantes y micrognatismo transversal superior, apoyados en métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos. Resultados: el nivel de conocimiento fue inadecuado: 67,85 por ciento en escolares y 81,25 por ciento en padres, relacionado con las necesidades de aprendizaje sobre los hábitos: empuje lingual, respiración bucal, succión digital y posturas inadecuadas. El 100 por ciento presentó hábitos bucales deformantes, de ellos el 40,18 por ciento con micrognatismo transversal superior, predominando el sexo femenino. Conclusiones: el nivel de conocimiento fue inadecuado, con ligero predominio en el sexo femenino del micrognatismo transversal superior y la inadecuada cultura sanitaria en pacientes con hábitos deformantes(AU)

Introduction: oral health is an integral part of general health, because an individual can not be considered completely healthy if there is an active presence of oral disease. Objective: to describe the sanitary culture on deforming oral habits related to the superior transverse micrognathism in school children and Fourth Grade parents of the Ciro Redondo School during the year 2017. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study on deforming buccal habits related to superior transverse micrognathism was carried out. The universe was constituted by 112 students of 4th grade of the School Ciro Redondo of the Bayamo municipality, in 2017. They were all part of the study. The variables studied were: level of knowledge, learning needs, deforming oral habits and superior transverse micrognathism, supported by theoretical, empirical and statistical methods. Results: the level of knowledge was inadequate: 67.85 percent in school children and 81.25 percent in parents, related to the learning needs on habits: tongue thrust, mouth breathing, digital suction and inadequate postures. The 100 percent presented deforming oral habits, of them 40.18 percent with superior transverse micrognathism, predominantly female. Conclusions: the level of knowledge was inadequate, with a slight predominance in the female sex of the superior transverse micrognathism and the inadequate sanitary culture in patients with deforming habits(EU)

Relación entre hábitos bucales deformantes y el micrognatismo transversal / Relationship between deforming oral habits and transverse micrognathism

Introducción: el micrognatismo transversal comprende alteraciones del crecimiento, desarrollo y fisiologismo de los componentes anatómicos que conforman el sistema estomatognático, los hábitos bucales son factores de riesgo en su instalación. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre hábitos bucales deformantes y el micrognatismo transversal. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico transversal de tipo caso-control en pacientes que ingresaron en la consulta de ortodoncia de la Clínica Universitaria de Especialidades Estomatológicas Manuel Cedeño, entre mayo y diciembre de 2017. La muestra fue de 55 pacientes entre las edades de 7 a 12 años, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: la respiración bucal, succión digital, empuje lingual y el uso del biberón, resultaron factores de riesgo en la aparición del micrognatismo transversal con p= 0,0079, p= 0,0029, p= 0,0000 y p= 0,0343; respectivamente. Conclusiones: existe una relación entre la respiración bucal, succión digital, empuje lingual y el uso del biberón como factores etiológicos en la instalación del micrognatismo transversal(AU)

Introduction: transversal micrognathism includes alterations in the growth, development and physiology of the anatomical components that make up the stomatognathic system, oral habits are risk factors in their installation. Objective: to evaluate the relationship between deforming oral habits and transverse micrognathism. Method: a cross-sectional analytical observational study of case-control type was performed in patients admitted to the orthodontic clinic of the University Clinic of Stomatological Specialties Manuel Cedeño, between May and December 2017. The sample consisted of 55 patients between the ages of 7 to 12 years, who met the inclusion criteria. Results: mouth breathing, digital suction, tongue thrust and use of the bottle were factors of risk in the appearance of transversal micrognathism with p = 0.0079, p = 0.0029, p = 0.0000 and p = 0.0343; respectively. Conclusions: there is a relationship between mouth breathing, digital suction, tongue thrust and bottle feeding as etiological factors in the installation of transverse micrognathism(EU)

Detalles clínicos de la oclusión dental en niños de un círculo infantil / Clinical details of dental occlusion in children of a day-care center

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 122 niños del Círculo Infantil Espiguita, pertenecientes al área de salud del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde febrero hasta marzo de 2017, con vistas a mostrar detalles clínicos de la oclusión dentaria en estos menores, según variables seleccionadas. A los afectados se les realizó el examen clínico bucal y facial; además, se confeccionó la historia clínica individual y se utilizó el porcentaje como medida de resumen. En la serie predominaron los niños de 4 años de edad, el sexo femenino y las maloclusiones; en tanto, la succión digital y la disfunción lingual fueron los hábitos fundamentales. Asimismo, se obtuvo una primacía de la mordida abierta como característica de la maloclusión

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 122 children of Espiguita Day-Care Center belonging to the health area of Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital was carried out from February to March, 2017 in Santiago de Cuba, aimed at showing clinical details of dental occlusion in these children, according to selected variables. The oral and facial clinical examination was carried out to those affected minors; also, the individual medical record was made and the percentage as summary measure was used. In the series there was a prevalence of 4 years children, female sex and malocclusions; as long as, the digital suction and the lingual dysfunction were the fundamental habits. Also, a primacy of the open bite was obtained as characteristic of malocclusion

Factores de riesgo asociados a hábitos bucales deformantes en niños / Risk Factors Associated with Deforming Oral Habits in Children

Introducción: los hábitos bucales deformantes tienen su origen dentro del sistema neuromuscular; constituyendo patrones reflejos de naturaleza compleja que se aprenden.Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a hábitos bucales deformantes en niños.Método: se realizó un estudio transversal en el período comprendido de septiembre de 2014 a febrero de 2015. Se escogieron 180 niños en las edades comprendidas entre 8 y 11 años, pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico Docente Pedro Díaz Coello de Holguín, que visitaron voluntariamente la consulta para participar en la investigación. Los resultados se presentaron en tablas estadísticas.Resultados: hubo predominio de niños con hábitos bucales deformantes en el sexo femenino (57,2 por ciento) y en la edad de 10 años (37,2 por ciento), predominó como hábito deformante la lengua protráctil (39,2 por ciento) y se consideran condiciones de riesgo en la presencia de hábitos bucales deformantes variables socio biológicas de las madres y los niños, la no experiencia de lactancia materna exclusiva (57,2 por ciento) y el mal funcionamiento familiar (61,1 por ciento). El nivel de escolaridad de la madre que predominó fue el preuniversitario o técnico medio (60,6 por ciento).Conclusiones: se identificaron como factores de riesgo asociados a los hábitos bucales deformantes el mal funcionamiento familiar y la no lactancia materna.(AU)

Introduction: the deforming oral habits have their origin in the neuromuscular system, constituting reflex patterns of a complex nature that are learned.Objective: to identify the risk factors associated to deforming oral habits in children.Method: a cross-sectional observational study was carried out between September 2014 and February 2015. For this 180 children between the ages of 8 and 11 from the Pedro Diaz Coello Teaching Polyclinic health area of the in Holguín were selected, who voluntarily visited the consultation to participate in the research. The results were presented in statistical tablesResults: the prevalence of children with deforming oral habits were from the female sex (57.2 percent) and in the age of 10 years (37.2 percent), prevailed as deforming habits the tongue thrusting (39.2 percent). Other risk conditions in the deforming oral habits were the socio biological variables of mothers and children as they do not have experience on breastfeeding (57.2 percent) and a wrong function of the family (61.1 percent). High school and technician were the mothers´ school level that prevailed (60.6 percent).Conclusions: family malfunction and non-breastfeeding were identified as risk factors associated with deforming oral habits.(AU)

Hábitos bucales deformantes y maloclusiones en niños del Policlínico Máximo Gómez / Deforming Oral Habits and Malocclusions in Children of Máximo Gómez Polyclinic

Introducción: los hábitos bucales deformantes obstaculizan en el patrón regular de crecimiento facial y suelen provocar anomalías dentomaxilofaciales.Objetivo: determinar la afectación por hábitos bucales deformantes y las alteraciones oclusales en niños de 0-11 años de edad del Policlínico Máximo Gómez del municipio Holguín.Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, en 132 niños seleccionados por muestreo estratificado a fijación igual, pareado por sexos. Se determinó el grupo de edad y sexo más afectado, dividiéndose en los grupos de edades de 0-4 y 5-11 años de edad.Resultados: el hábito bucal deformante detectado con mayor frecuencia resultó el chupeteo de tete y biberón (69,69 por ciento), seguido del empuje lingual (62,87 por ciento) y la succión del pulgar u otros dedos (45,45 por ciento), en tanto que las alteraciones oclusales en orden decreciente resultaron la distoclusión molar en 54 pacientes para el 40,90 por ciento, seguido de la labioversión con diastema (27,27 por ciento) y el apiñamiento inferior (25,75 por ciento). Se observaron 101 niños (76,51 por ciento) con alguna de las alteraciones oclusales estudiadas y el grupo etario de 5-11 años resultó el más afectado.Conclusiones: los hábitos bucales deformantes fueron una práctica muy arraigada en la población infantil, particularmente el chupeteo de tete, biberón y fueron causa de gran número de alteraciones de la oclusión, predominando la distoclusión molar, más frecuentes en el grupo de 5-11 años de edad y el sexo masculino(AU)

Introduction: deforming oral habits interfere in the regular facial growth and usually cause dental and maxillofacial deformities.Objective: to determine the affectation of deforming oral habits and occlusal alterations in children of 0-11 years of aged at Máximo Gómez Policlinic in Holguín municipality.Methods: a descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in 132 children selected by stratified sampling to equal, twin fixation by sexes. The most affected group or sex was also determined, dividing them into two groups 0-4 and 5-11 years old according to age.Results: sucking the pacifier and the nursing bottle were the most common habits (69.69 percent), followed by atypical swallow (62.87 percent) or sucking the thumb or other fingers (45.45 percent). Distocclusion molar relationship was observed in 54 patients (40.90 percent), followed by marked overjet with spaces between teeth (27.27 percent) and inferior crowding (25.75 percent). 101 studied children (76.51 percent) with some of the occlusal alterations were observed and the group of 5-11 years old was the most affected one.Conclusions: deforming oral habits were an strengthen practice in childhood, in particular the sucking of pacifier an the nursing bottle and were the cause a great number of dental malocclusions, being distocclussion malocclusion the most frequent alteration in the age group between 5 - 11 years old more affected age group as well as the male sex(AU)

Association between tongue rolling and tongue folding in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria / Asociación entre la lengua enrollada y la lengua plegada en Osogbo, Suroeste de Nigeria

This study was carried out among 144 individuals (18 years) from the Yoruba tribe of Southwestern Nigeria in order to determine the association between tongue rolling and folding. Participants were examined for the ability to roll and/or fold their tongues. The incidence of tongue rollers and folders were 59.7 % and 79.2 % respectively. Tongue rolling was higher in females than male but the difference was not significant (X2= 1.039, df = 1, p= 0.308). Tongue folding was significantly higher in females than males (X2= 4.211, df= 1, p= 0.04). Of the 144 participants, 76 (52.8 %) were tongue rollers and folders, 10 (6.9 %) were rollers and non-folders, 38 (26.4 %) were non-rollers and folders and 20 (13.9 %) were non-rollers and non-folders. These classes did not vary significantly with sex (X2= 5.895, df= 3, p= 0.117) but there was a significant association between the ability to roll the tongue and the ability to fold the tongue (X2= 10.97, df= 1, p <0.001). This study shows that tongue rollers are associated with tongue folders.

Este estudio se realizó en 144 individuos (18 años) de la tribu Yoruba del suroeste de Nigeria con el fin de determinar la asociación entre la lengua enrollada y plegada. Los participantes fueron examinados por la capacidad de enrollar y/o doblar sus lenguas. La incidencia de enrollar y/o doblar las lenguas fueron de 59,7 % y 79,2 %, respectivamente. La capacidad de enrollar la lengua fue mayor en mujeres que en los hombres, pero la diferencia no fue significativa (X2= 1,039, df= 1, p= 0,308). El plegado o doblado de la lengua fue significativamente mayor en mujeres que hombres (X2= 4,211, df= 1, p= 0,04). De los 144 participantes, 76 (52,8 %) enrollaron y doblaron la lengua, 10 (6,9 %) enrollaron y no doblaron la lengua, 38 (26,4 %) no enrollaron y doblaron la lengua, y 20 (13,9 %) no enrollaron y ni doblaron la lengua. Estas clasificaciones no variaron significativamente con el sexo (X2= 5,895, df= 3, p= 0,117), sin embargo hubo una asociación significativa entre la capacidad de enrollar la lengua y la capacidad de doblar la lengua (X2= 10,97, df= 1, p<0,001). Este estudio muestra que la capacidad de enrollar la lengua está asociada con la capacidad de doblar la lengua.

Maloclusiones y hábitos bucales deformantes en escolares con dentición mixta temprana / Malocclusions and deforming oral habits in school children with early mixed teething

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 150 escolares de 6 y 7 años de edad con maloclusiones y hábitos bucales deformantes, correspondientes al segundo grado de la Escuela Primaria Nguyen Van Troi de Santiago de Cuba, atendidos durante 2013, para caracterizarles según variables seleccionadas. La información primaria se obtuvo mediante el interrogatorio y el examen físico efectuado a cada paciente. Se utilizó el porcentaje como medida de resumen para variables cualitativas. Entre los principales resultados predominaron el sexo masculino (52,0 por ciento), las maloclusiones en este mismo sexo (59,3 por ciento) y el uso del biberón como hábito deformante (41,1 por ciento). Se concluye que en la mayoría de los niños, las disfunciones bucales deformantes estuvieron relacionadas con la presencia de maloclusiones dentarias(AU)

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 150 scholars aged 6 to 7 with malocclusions and oral deforming habits who were in the second grade of Nguyen Van Troi Primary School in Santiago de Cuba, assisted during 2013 was carried out to characterize them according to selected variables. The primary information was obtained by means of the interrogation and the physical exam made to each patient. Among the main results the male sex (52.0 percent), malocclusions in this same sex (59.3 percent) and the use of baby bottle as deforming habit (41.1 percent) prevailed. It is concluded that in most of the children, deforming oral dysfunctions were related to the presence of teething malocclusions(AU)

Associação entre prematuridade, hábitos de sucção de chupeta e tipos de aleitamento infantil / Association between prematurity, pacifier sucking habit and types of infant feeding

Crianças prematuras podem estar mais propensas a apresentarem dificuldade de praticar o aleitamento natural e consequentemente ficam vulneráveis à introdução de chupetas e/ou mamadeiras no seu dia a dia. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a associação entre a prematuridade, hábito de sucção de chupeta e tipos de aleitamento infantil, em crianças de 3 a 5 anos de idade, pertencentes a um ambulatório hospitalar universitário e duas escolas de educação infantil da cidade de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Foi desenvolvido um estudo epidemiológico transversal retrospectivo comparativo, com 250 crianças na faixa etária de 3 a 5 anos. A amostra incluiu dois grupos: o grupo pré-termo, formado pelos prematuros acompanhados pelo projeto ACRIAR (Ambulatório da Criança de Risco, Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) e o grupo a termo, formado por pré-escolares nascidos a termo pertencentes a uma escola pública e uma particular, escolhidas por conveniência. Foi utilizado nas escolas, um questionário pré-testado para a seleção do grupo controle e preenchimento dos dados relacionados ao nascimento, aos métodos de aleitamento infantil, hábito de sucção de chupeta e aspectos sociodemográficos. Este questionário foi enviado junto ao para-casa das crianças, respondido pelos pais/responsáveis e devolvido à escola. Os dados dos prematuros foram coletados nos prontuários clínicos do projeto ACRIAR. O mesmo modelo de questões foi adotado para os dois grupos: prematuros e a termo. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando-se o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 21.0. Para verificar se houve associação entre a variável dependente idade gestacional ao nascimento (prematuro ou nascidos a termo) e as varáveis independentes, foi utilizado o Teste Qui-quadrado. Valores da razão de prevalência foram estimados para cada variável independente por Regressão de Poisson Múltipla. Variáveis com valor de p < 0,05 na análise de Poisson bivariada foram incluídas na análise multivariada. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFMG (protocolo #49803115400005149). A maioria das crianças era do sexo feminino (54,8%), com 5 anos de idade (46,8%) e pertenciam a famílias com renda maior que 2 salários mínimos (48,4%). O grupo de mães de prematuros era mais jovem e (67,7%) tinha idade menor que 30 anos, diferente daquelas com filhos nascidos a termo cuja maioria (78,2) tinha idade maior que 30 anos. O modelo de regressão múltiplo final demonstrou que a renda mensal menor que 2 salários mínimos (RP= 2,068; 95%IC= 1,418- 3,016), o uso de chupeta (RP= 1,730; 95%IC= 1,100-2,721) e aleitamento no peito por menos de 6 meses (RP= 1,010; 95%IC= 1,302-2,829) foram mais prevalentes entre os prematuros. Concluiu-se que o uso de chupeta, o menor tempo de aleitamento materno e a baixa renda familiar foram fatores associados a prematuridade

Preterm infants might experience more difficult in breastfeeding and therefore are more vulnerable to the use of pacifiers and/or bottles in their life. This research aimed to evaluate the association between prematurity, pacifier sucking habit and types of infant feeding in children aged 3 to 5 years old attended at the University Hospital Clinic and two preschools in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Two hundred and fifty children took part in this retrospective crosssectional epidemiological study with control group. The sample was divided intro two groups: the case group was formed by preterm infants attended at ACRIAR project (Risk Child Clinic, Clinic Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais- UFMG) and the control group were preschool children enrolled at a public school and a private school, chosen by convenience who were full term infants. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for collecting data of full term children. Parents answered a structured questionnaire related to prematurity, infant feeding methods, pacifier sucking habits and demographic aspects. Parents or responsible received the questionnaire attached to the children's homework. They answered it at home and sent it back to the school. Collection of data of the preterm children was based on the clinical records of ACRIAR project. The same questionnaires of questions were adopted for both groups: preterm and full term children. Data were entered the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software (SPSS) version 21.0 for statistical analysis. Chi-square test was used to test the association between the dependent variable (gestational age at birth: preterm or full term children) and the independent variables. Prevalence ratio values were estimated for each independent variable by using multiple Poisson regression. Variables with p <0.05 in the bivariate Poisson regression analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. The Research Ethics Committee of UFMG approved the research (protocol # 49803115400005149). Most of the children were female (n=137; 54.8%), aged 5 years old (n=117; 46.8%) and belonged to families with monthly income higher than 2 minimum wages (n=121; 48.4%). Mothers of preterm children were younger and the majority had less than 30 years old (n=44; 67.7%); while mothers of full term children were older than 30 years old (n=104; 78.2%). The final multiple Poisson regression model showed that monthly income lower than two minimum wages (PR = 2.068; 95% CI = 1.418-2.016), the use of pacifier (PR = 1.730; 95% CI = 1.100-2.721) and breastfeeding for less than 6 months (PR = 1.010; 95% CI = 1.302-2.829) were more prevalent among preterm infants. The use of pacifiers, the shorter breastfeeding duration and low family income were factors associated with prematurity in children

Orthodontic treatment in patient with idiopathic root resorption: a case report.

Multiple idiopathic external root resorption is a rare pathological condition usually detected as an incidental radiographic finding. External root resorption of permanent teeth is a multifactorial process related to several local and systemic factors. If an etiological factor cannot be identified for root resorption, the term "idiopathic" is applied. This report presents a case of multiple idiopathic apical root resorption. The condition was found in a young female patient seeking orthodontic treatment due to malocclusion. This kind of resorption starts apically and progresses coronally, causing a gradual shortening and rounding of the remaining root. Patients with this condition are not the ideal candidates for orthodontic treatment; however, the aim of this report is to describe an unusual case of idiopathic root resorption involving the entire dentition, and to present the orthodontic treatment of this patient. It describes the progress and completion of orthodontic therapy with satisfactory end results.

Swallowing disorders in Parkinson's disease: impact of lingual pumping.

BACKGROUND: Lingual pumping (LP) is a repetitive, involuntary, anteroposterior movement of the tongue on the soft palate that is executed prior to transferring the food bolus to the pharynx, but we also observed LP when multiple swallows were taken. LP may be associated with rigidity and bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This phenomenon tends to be more prevalent in dysphagic PD patients, and its impact on swallowing dynamics remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how LP interferes with the oral and pharyngeal phases of the swallowing of foods of different consistencies and volumes. METHODS: We used videofluoroscopy to study the swallowing of 69 PD patients performing 10 swallows of barium mixed with foods of different consistencies and volumes. RESULTS: LP was associated with the unstable intra-oral organization of the bolus, the loss of bolus control, the pharyngeal retention of food and food entering the airway. This abnormal movement was also associated with a shorter oral transit time and was found to be more prevalent with food of thicker consistencies. CONCLUSIONS: LP is associated with swallowing incoordination and with food entering the airway. Preventive measures to minimise the pulmonary or nutritional consequences of this behaviour are necessary.

Intervención educativa sobre hábitos bucales deformantes en escolares de 6 a 12 años / Educational intervention on deforming oral habits in school children age 6 to 12 years

En la actualidad las maloclusiones constituyen uno de los problemas en la salud bucodental, las cuales están relacionadas con los hábitos bucales deformantes. Se realizó una intervención educativa que modifica favorablemente el nivel de conocimiento que tienen los niños de 6 a 11 años de edad del Centro Escolar Silverio Guerra Téllez del municipio Manuel Tames. Se realizó una entrevista a los niños portadores de hábitos bucales deformantes objeto de estudio antes y después de aplicado el programa educativo. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, hábitos deformantes, anomalías dentomaxilofaciales, conocimiento antes y después de la intervención. Se empleó como medida de resumen el porcentaje y el número absoluto. Con la aplicación del programa educativo se logró aumentar significativamente el nivel de conocimiento sobre el tema, por lo que se recomienda hacerlo a los padres y tutores de todas las escuelas primarias de nuestro municipio(AU)

At present malocclusions are one of the oral health problems, which are related to the deforming oral habits. An educational intervention was performed that favorably modifies the level of knowledge among children 6 to 11 year's old School "Silverio Guerra Téllez" Manuel Tames municipality Center. Interview with children carrying deforming oral habits under study applied before and after the educational program was performed. The variables studied were: age, sex, deforming habits, oral abnomalies knowledge before and after the intervention. It was used as a summary measure of the percentage and absolute number. With the implementation of the education program achieved significantly increase the level of knowledge on the subject, so this is recommended for parents and guardians of all elementary schools in our town(AU)

Hábitos orais parafuncionais: uma revisão da literatura / Parafunctional oral habits: a review of the literature

Os hábitos, resultado da repetição de um ato com determinado fim, tornam-se com o tempo resistente às mudanças. Os hábitos bucais podem ou não interferir no crescimento e no desenvolvimento normal dos maxilares. Os hábitos parafuncionais podem provocar danos às estruturas bucais. A interferência destes hábitos poderá favorecer o aparecimento de maloclusões e alterações nos padrões normais de deglutição e fonação, dependendo de fatores como: duração, frequência, intensidade e padrão facial. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura, sobre a fisiopatologia, tipos e frequência com que ocorrem os hábitos parafuncionais. Com base nos estudos avaliados, os hábitos bucais parafuncionais foram encontrados em ambos os gêneros, em qualquer faixa etária. O hábito parafuncional mais frequentemente descrito nos adultos foi o bruxismo e nas crianças, a onicofagia. Cerca da metade das crianças avaliadas nos estudos apresentava algum tipo de hábito bucal. Os mais frequentes foram: onicofagia, sucção de chupeta e sucção digital. Nos adultos, os hábitos bucais parafuncionais mais encontrados foram o bruxismo, onicofagia, morder a bochecha e apoiar o queixo na mão. Nos estudos revisados, foi verificado que mais da metade dos adultos apresentava algum tipo de hábito. (AU)

Habits are the result of the repetition of an act with a certain order. If persistent, they might become resistant to changes. Oral habits may interfere with the normal growth and development of the jaws. Parafunctional habits may cause damage to oral structures. The interference of oral habits may lead to the development of malocclusion and changes in normal swallowing and speech patterns, depending on factors such as duration, frequency, intensity of the habit and the facial pattern. The aim of this paper was to conduct a literature review of the pathophysiology, types and frequency of parafunctional habits. In the evaluated studies, the oral parafunctional habits were observed in individuals of both genders, and in all ages. The most frequently described habits were bruxism, in adults and onychophagia among children. Nearly half of the children had some type of oral habit, and the most common were nail biting, use of pacifier sucking and finger sucking. In adults, the most common parafunctional oral habits were bruxism, nail biting, cheek biting and the habit of leaning the chin on the hand. More than half of the adult population presented at least one type of habit. (AU)