Successful treatment with pollen extract of hematospermia in patients with xanthogranolomatous prostatitis.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to report our experience in the management of hematospermia observed in 16 patients suffering from xanthogranulomatous prostatitis. METHODS: Recurrent episodes of hematospermia were the onset symptom in all patients, and in 25% of patients it was combined with fever. All patients reported PSA value elevation and the digital rectal examination (DRE) revealed an increase of the gland size and of its consistency in all cases. In all patients, the hematospermia was treated with the oral administration of two tablets of pollen extract in a single (1 g) dose daily for 30 days. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were observed between 2008 and 2016, referring hematospermia, progressive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and serum PSA level increase. To exclude the prostate cancer presence all patients were submitted to transperineal TRUS guided biopsy. In all the patients complete resolution of hematospermia was achieved treatment with pollen extract. All patients were subsequently treated for LUTS (alpha-adrenergic blockers), but none reported any significant improvement of symptoms. Basing on these pieces of evidence, after 90 days of alpha-blockers therapy, all patients underwent bipolar TURP. Histological examination of resected prostatic tissue revealed in all patients the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous prostatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with xanthogranulomatous prostatitis especially experience irritative symptoms, sometimes combined with fever or hematospermia. Hematospermia as the onset symptom has not been reported so far. The administration of the pollen extract for 30 days was associated with a complete resolution of hematospermia.

Hemospermia: long-term outcome in 165 patients.

Long-term course of hemospermia has not been addressed in the sexual medicine literature. We report our 15 years' experience. From 1997 to 2012, 165 patients presented with hemospermia. Mean age was 38 years. Mean follow-up was 83 months. Laboratory evaluation and testis and transabdominal ultrasonography was done in all. Since 2008, all sonographies were done by the first author. One patient had urinary tuberculosis, one had bladder tumor and three had benign lesions at verumontanum. One patient had bilateral partial ejaculatory duct obstruction by stones. All six patients had persistent, frequently recurring or high-volume hemospermia. All pathologies were found in young patients. In the remaining 159 patients (96%), empiric treatment was given with a fluoroquinolone (Ciprofloxacin) plus an nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Celecoxib). In our 15 years of follow-up, no patient later developed life-threatening disease. Diagnostic evaluation of hemospermia is not worthwhile in the absolute majority of cases. Advanced age makes no difference. Only high-risk patients need to be evaluated. The vast majority of cases may be safely and effectively treated with empiric therapy. Almost all patients do well in long term.

Hematospermia: a propósito de un caso / Haemospermia: presentation of a case

La hematospermia o hemospermia es un síntoma muy inquietante en la población masculina, pero que puede ser manejado en muchos casos por los profesionales de atención primaria. Porque no es una demanda habitual en consulta, requiere de conocimiento epidemiológico y un juicio clínico adecuado para poder enfocar correctamente cada caso y transmitir seguridad a nuestros pacientes. La anamnesis es la parte más importante de nuestra intervención, porque respondiendo a 3 cuestiones como la edad, la duración del sangrado y la aparición de síntomas o factores de riesgo asociados, podremos orientar el caso. Es en el diagnóstico donde más se ha avanzado en los últimos años, llegando a conocer la causa de la hematospermia en la mayoría de los casos (AU)

Haematospermia or haemospermia is a worrying symptom in the male population, but can be managed in many cases by primary care providers. As it is not often seen in clinics, it requires epidemiological knowledge and an appropriate clinical judgement to focus correctly on each case and to ensure the safety of our patients. The clinical history is the most important part of our intervention, and answering three questions, such as age, duration of bleeding and symptoms or risk factors may help in the diagnosis. More progress has been made in its diagnosis in recent years, due to determining the cause of the haematospermia in most cases (AU)

Finasteride for treatment of refractory hemospermia: prospective placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: Finasteride had been used to control frequent hematuria due to BPH. In this study, we tried to test the efficacy of finasteride to control refractory idiopathic hemospermia lasting for more than 3 months for which conservative treatment has failed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a period from 1998 to 2008, 70 patients with hemospermia presented to urology department, Sohag university hospital. Only 24 patients were diagnosed as having refractory hemospermia of idiopathic nature. They were divided and randomized into two equal groups, 12 patients each. One group received finasteride 5 mg daily for 3 months, and the second group received placebo. Patients were followed at monthly intervals both subjectively and objectively by semen analysis and TRUS for three successive months and after 1 year. RESULTS: In the finasteride-treated group, 8 patients (66.7%) have demonstrated a remission of the episodes of their hemospermia symptom within 2-5 weeks after the start of treatment. We confirmed this subjective improvement by repeated semen analysis. Patients continued treatment for 3 months without recurrence of bleeding. On the other hand, only three patients (25%) in placebo group mentioned the disappearance of their symptom after a period of 1-2 months on treatment. On semen analysis, those three patients showed considerable number of RBCs (>50/HPF). CONCLUSION: Finasteride could be safely used as a treatment for patients with idiopathic refractory hemospermia after exclusion of the other organic causes. However, our results are preliminary, and larger series with longer follow-up are required to confirm the results.

Aetiology, diagnosis and management of haemospermia: a review.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the aetiology, investigations and the various treatment methods currently available in the management of haemospermia. DATA SOURCE: Review of literature was effected through medline and index medicus search of major published indexed journals and books. DATA SELECTION: Published data on haemospermia, hemospermia, haematospermia and semen over the last five decades (1967-2007) were utilised. DATA EXTRACTION: Abstracts of selected articles were read and analysed to determine their possible contribution and relevance to this article. DATA SYNTHESIS: All relevant articles were reviewed in full and contribution extracted for this review as necessary. CONCLUSION: Haemospermia (haematospermia) is a relatively frequent, distressing and frightening symptom in sexually active men. It is usually a benign self-limiting condition resolving within several weeks except for the few with underlying aetiology including prostate malignancy and idiopathic. Patients presenting with haemospermia should have a detailed medical history, physical examillation including blood pressure measurement, genital and digital rectal examination. Persistent and recurrent haemospermia is best investigated by TRUS, CT, MRI, urethrocystoscopy, and biopsy and histological confirmation of malignancies. Specific treatment depends on the underlying pathological cause but often involves only minimal investigations and simple reassurance.