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1.
Vopr Virusol ; 69(2): 187-192, 2024 May 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38843024

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most common human viral infections and has a double-stranded DNA genome belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Smoking is one of the leading causes of disease and premature death worldwide, responsible for the death of up to six million people annually. The purpose of the current study was to determine the seroprevalence of HSV-1 infection among smokers. Methods. The search strategy was conducted in the period from December 2022 to January 2023. The study included a random sample of 94 (88 males, and 6 females) healthy participants, aged between ≤ 20 to ≥ 60 years, with 50 participants as the control group. The HSV serological testing consisted of detecting antibodies to HSV-1 IgG with the help of ELISA. RESULTS: Most participants were university students, consisting of 45.7% males and 5.3% females, followed by employed smokers, consisting of 0.2% males and 1.1% females. The number of females was much lower than that of males reaching 6.4 and 93.6% respectively, due to customs and traditions. The seroprevalence was 24.47, 22.3 and 2.1% in males and females respectively. The seroprevalence rate was 13.8% in hookah and cigarette smokers, 9% in cigarette smokers and 1.1% in hookah smokers exclusively. The highest rate was observed in the age groups of 21-30 and 31-40 years with 12.80% and 7.40% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that the seroprevalence of HSV-1 IgG was 24.47%, and was higher among hookah and cigarette smokers compared to those who exclusively smoked cigarettes or hookah.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales , Herpes Simple , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Fumadores , Humanos , Masculino , Herpesvirus Humano 1/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 1/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Herpes Simple/epidemiología , Herpes Simple/virología , Herpes Simple/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Adulto Joven , Fumar/epidemiología , Anciano , Adolescente
2.
J Med Virol ; 96(6): e29765, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38924102

RESUMEN

This study aims to investigate the significant relationship between serum heavy metals (lead [Pb], cadmium [Cd], mercury [Hg]) and the risk of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in the United States from 2007 to 2016. This nationally representative survey, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, assessed the health status of participants through interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. After excluding participants lacking serum Pb, Cd, and Hg data, as well as those missing HSV-1 testing data and pregnant women, the analysis included 13 772 participants, among whom 3363 were adolescents. A survey-weighted multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between heavy metal exposure and the risk of HSV-1 infection, and to explore the dose-response relationship between them. In adults and adolescents, serum concentrations of Pb and Cd were higher in those infected with HSV-1 than in those not infected. However, an increase in serum Hg concentration was observed only in infected adolescents. After adjusting for potential confounders, elevated serum Pb and Cd concentrations in adults were associated with an increased risk of HSV-1 infection. Higher serum Pb and Cd concentrations were associated with an increased risk of HSV-2 infection, irrespective of HSV-1 infection status. In adults, serum concentrations of Pb and Hg showed an approximately linear relationship with HSV-1 infection risk (p for nonlinearity > 0.05), whereas the dose-response relationship between serum Cd concentration and HSV-1 infection was nonlinear (p for nonlinearity = 0.004). In adolescents, serum concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) showed an approximately linear relationship with HSV-1 infection (p for nonlinearity > 0.05). Furthermore, the study examined the relationship between serum heavy metal levels and the risk of HSV-1 infection across different genders, races, income levels, weight statuses, and immune statuses. In conclusion, there is a significant association between serum heavy metal concentrations and HSV-1 infection, which warrants further investigation into the causal relationship between them.


Asunto(s)
Herpes Simple , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Metales Pesados , Encuestas Nutricionales , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Adolescente , Metales Pesados/sangre , Metales Pesados/efectos adversos , Herpes Simple/epidemiología , Herpes Simple/sangre , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Cadmio/sangre , Cadmio/efectos adversos , Plomo/sangre , Mercurio/sangre , Niño , Factores de Riesgo , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Anciano
3.
Pak J Biol Sci ; 24(11): 1169-1174, 2021 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34842389

RESUMEN

<b>Background and Objective:</b> In recent years, respiratory tract viral infections have caused many pandemics that impact the whole world. To investigate the seropositivity of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, rubella, CMV, HSV-1 and group A <i>Streptococcus</i> in recovered COVID-19 patients and correlate these findings with vitamin D levels. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 417 COVID-19 patients with diarrhoea were enrolled in this study. Vitamin D and seroprevalence for <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, rubella, CMV, HSV-1 and group A <i>Streptococcus</i> were evaluated and correlated. <b>Results:</b> It was found that recent infection in COVID-19 patients with HSV-1, rubella, <i>Toxoplasma</i> and CMV, respectively. IgG was detected indicating the development of adaptive immunity with all microbes. <b>Conclusion:</b> Current study detected a correlation between vitamin D levels and HSV-1 and no correlation between this infection and vitamin D deficiency with the other microbes.


Asunto(s)
Prueba Serológica para COVID-19 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Calcifediol/sangre , Herpes Simple/diagnóstico , Herpesvirus Humano 1/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/diagnóstico , Inmunidad Adaptativa , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , COVID-19/sangre , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/inmunología , Citomegalovirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/sangre , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/inmunología , Femenino , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/epidemiología , Herpes Simple/inmunología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Prevalencia , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/sangre , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/diagnóstico , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/epidemiología , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/inmunología , Virus de la Rubéola/inmunología , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/sangre , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/inmunología , Streptococcus/inmunología , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis/sangre , Toxoplasmosis/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiología , Toxoplasmosis/inmunología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología
4.
PLoS One ; 16(6): e0253005, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34157055

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), herpes simplex type-2 (HSV2), hepatitis C (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and nine human papilloma virus (HPV) types, and investigated factors associated with the seropositivity among men from three countries (Brazil, Mexico and U.S). METHODS: Archived serum specimens collected at enrollment for n = 600 men were tested for antibodies against CT, HSV2, HCV, EBV, and 9-valent HPV vaccine types (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) using multiplex serologic assays. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and sexual behavior data at enrollment were collected through a questionnaire. RESULTS: Overall, 39.3% of the men were seropositive for CT, 25.4% for HSV2, 1.3% for HCV, 97.3% for EBV, 14.0% for at least one of the seven oncogenic HPV (types: 16/18/31/33/45/52/58), and 17.4% for HPV 6/11. In the unadjusted models, age, race, smoking, sexual behavior variables, and seropositivity for high-risk HPV were significantly associated with the seropositivity for CT. In multivariable analyses, self-reported black race, higher numbers of lifetime female/male sexual partners, current smoking, and seropositivity to high-risk HPV were significantly associated with increased odds of CT seropositivity. Odds of HSV2 seroprevalence were elevated among older men and those seropositive for high risk HPV. CONCLUSION: Exposure to STIs is common among men. Prevention and screening programs should target high-risk groups to reduce the disease burden among men, and to interrupt the disease transmission to sexual partners.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/epidemiología , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Herpes Simple/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/sangre , Infecciones por Chlamydia/microbiología , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/sangre , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/virología , Florida/epidemiología , Hepacivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis C/sangre , Hepatitis C/virología , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/transmisión , Herpesvirus Humano 2/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesvirus Humano 4/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Adulto Joven
5.
J Burn Care Res ; 42(4): 646-650, 2021 08 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33861351

RESUMEN

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is common in the population and reactivation of latent infection often occurs in times of physiologic stress, including postburn injury. Active HSV infection complicates burn injury recovery and increases morbidity. A retrospective chart review of high-risk burn patients (≥20%TBSA and/or facial burns) who had screening HSV immunoglobulin titers drawn from 2015 to 2018 was conducted. Titer levels and morbidity-related outcomes were compared between patients who developed active infection and those who did not. Fifty-six patients had serum HSV titers measured. Twenty-nine patients (52%) developed clinical signs of HSV infection, almost all of which (97%) suffered facial burns. Titers were ordered on median hospital day 1.5 (0.00-4.0) and infection occurred on day 8.0 (2.0-16). Median HSV-1,2 IgM titers were significantly increased in patients who developed clinically active HSV infection (0.71 [0.44-1.1] vs 0.52 [0.34-0.74], P = .02). Median HSV-1 IgG (P = .65) and HSV-2 IgG titers (P = .97) were not different between groups. Patients who developed active infection had a comparable hospital length of stay (27 [9.5-40] days vs 20 [8.0-28] days, P = .17) and ICU length of stay (26 [13-49] days vs 19 [11-27] days, P = .09) to those who did not develop infection. There was no difference in mortality. Increased HSV-1 and 2 IgM screening levels were associated with an increased risk of developing active HSV infection, and offer a specific screening modality in high-risk patients. Elevated IgM titers warrant further consideration for administration of HSV prophylaxis, as earlier intervention may prevent infection onset and minimize morbidity.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Quemaduras/complicaciones , Herpes Simple/prevención & control , Infección de Heridas/prevención & control , Adulto , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Quemaduras/tratamiento farmacológico , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Femenino , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/etiología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevención Primaria/métodos , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Infección de Heridas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección de Heridas/etiología
6.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 40(6): 566-570, 2021 06 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33470772

RESUMEN

Neonates with disseminated neonatal herpes simplex virus infection often present with cardiorespiratory failure. The pathophysiological contributors to the disease phenotype, biologic mechanisms underlying the hemodynamic instability and optimal approach to cardiovascular treatment have not been well described. We describe clinical and echocardiography features of cardiovascular dysfunction, in a case series of neonates with disseminated herpes simplex virus, and response to physiology-based hemodynamic management. The biologic phenotype includes low systemic vascular resistance state, hypovolemia secondary to third space losses, myocardial dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Early targeted neonatal echocardiography provided hemodynamic insights on blood flow, shunt characterization, vascular resistance and cardiac function, that were difficult to gauge clinically (eg, differentiating parenchymal from pulmonary vascular disease) thereby positively impacted clinical care. All patients were stabilized hemodynamically without utilizing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, although all patients died of multiorgan failure.


Asunto(s)
Sistema Cardiovascular/fisiopatología , Ecocardiografía/métodos , Hemodinámica , Herpes Simple/mortalidad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Femenino , Herpes Simple/sangre , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Puntuaciones en la Disfunción de Órganos
7.
Mol Diagn Ther ; 25(1): 71-75, 2021 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33385297

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection has high morbidity and mortality, particularly in neonates, and requires rapid diagnosis for proper treatment. Currently, there are no US FDA-approved assays available to perform HSV testing on blood. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to evaluate the analytical sensitivity and clinical performance of an available sample-to-answer real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) platform used as a laboratory-developed test (LDT) for the detection of HSV-1 and -2 in whole blood (WB). METHODS: A clinical comparison study comparing a real-time PCR reference assay to a LDT based on the DiaSorin Simplexa Direct assay kit was performed. Analytical sensitivity studies comparing WB to the FDA-approved specimen type, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), were also conducted with contrived quantified HSV-1 and -2 samples in WB and CSF matrix. RESULTS: In total, 102 samples were tested using the LDT and reference assay for the clinical correlation study, with 91 negative and 10 positive results for HSV-1 (n = 7) and HSV-2 (n = 3), exhibiting 100% concordance with comparator results. The overall limit of detection (LoD) for HSV-1 and HSV-2 in WB was comparable to that seen in CSF, with the calculated 95% LoD for blood being 1489 ± 16 copies/ml for HSV-1 and 1187 ± 18 copies/ml for HSV-2 and for CSF being 1168 ± 17 copies/ml for HSV-1 and 953 ± 21 copies/ml for HSV-2. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the LDT for detection of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in WB specimens is adequate for clinical use. The LoD for HSV-1 and HSV-2 is comparable to that in CSF, the FDA-approved specimen type.


Asunto(s)
ADN Viral/sangre , ADN Viral/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Herpes Simple/diagnóstico , Herpesvirus Humano 1/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 2/genética , Aprobación de Pruebas de Diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Precoz , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug Administration
8.
Biomed Res Int ; 2021: 6083716, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35005019

RESUMEN

AIM: In this study, we aimed to compare the level of serum and dietary selenium in participants with a positive history of recurrent herpes labial lesions and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study, conducted during 2020-2021, evaluated the selenium serum level of 40 participants with a positive history of recurrent herpes labial lesions who had referred to Motahhari Laboratory in Shiraz, compared with 38 healthy controls. The selenium level of the serum was assessed by an absorption device, Atomic Graphite Furnace Model FS-240-AAS, made by a US Company. Independent T-test was used to compare the selenium level of males and females. In order to assess the mean age value and gender distribution between the two evaluated groups, the independent T-test and chi-square test were used, respectively. The serum selenium level was compered between both control and test groups. RESULTS: The level of serum selenium was not statistically correlated with its dietary level in group 1 (participants with recurrent herpes labialis, P value = 0.18) and group 2 (healthy controls, P value = 0.6). The serum selenium level was compared between groups 1 and 2, which was significantly higher in healthy controls (P value < 0.0001). In contrast, dietary selenium level was not significantly different between patients with a history of herpes labialis and healthy controls (P value = 0.48). The level of serum selenium was not statistically correlated with its dietary level in group 1 (P value = 0.18) and group 2 (P value = 0.6). CONCLUSION: Patients with recurrent herpes labialis had lower serum selenium level as compared to the healthy controls.


Asunto(s)
Herpes Simple/sangre , Selenio/sangre , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Dieta , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Recurrencia
9.
J Med Virol ; 93(6): 3383-3388, 2021 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33174631

RESUMEN

Pregnant women are an important group to be monitored for infection due to the risk of transmitting infections to their babies. Both herpes simples virus (HSV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are neurotropic viruses that can be transmitted congenitally. In this study, the prevalence and risk factors of HSV among Zika-positive and -negative pregnant women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were evaluated and compared. About 167 serum samples included in our study were from pregnant women with ZIKV infection symptoms, who were attended to in different hospitals in Rio de Janeiro between November 2015 to February 2016. Blood samples collected from 167 pregnant women were used for this study. The presence of HSV antibodies and viremia were evaluated by commercial ELISA and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses, respectively. The data obtained from medical records were statistically analyzed. The HSV-1 and HSV-2 prevalence among pregnant women was 80.2% and 12.5% for Zika-positive women and 84.5% and 5.6% for Zika-negative women, respectively. None of the pregnant women exhibited HSV viremia. Age, trimester of gestation, and skin color were associated with HSV-1 and HSV-2 prevalence among the groups studied. HSV-2 was more prevalent in Zika-positive pregnant women than in Zika-negative pregnant women, and this simultaneous infection should be better investigated in future studies.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Herpes Simple/epidemiología , Herpes Simple/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 2/inmunología , Infección por el Virus Zika/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Coinfección/sangre , Coinfección/epidemiología , Coinfección/inmunología , Coinfección/virología , Femenino , Herpes Simple/sangre , Humanos , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología , Mujeres Embarazadas , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Adulto Joven , Virus Zika/fisiología , Infección por el Virus Zika/sangre
10.
BMC Infect Dis ; 20(1): 577, 2020 Aug 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32758172

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Despite the significant decline in the prevalence of HIV in Tanzania, the prevalence rates in Mbeya, Iringa, and Njombe regions are higher than the national average and have remained stable for years. The current stable HIV prevalence may be driven by factors such as a high incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and high-risk behaviours. In sub-Saharan Africa, it has previously been observed that up to 50% of HIV cases were attributed to herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) among low-risk populations. Because the proportion of sexually transmitted HSV-1 is rising, it is essential to study the interaction between HSV-1 and HIV infections. METHODS: We conducted a study in Mbeya region using the archived blood sera of participants from the recently completed EU-funded EMINI project. A specially designed questionnaire was used to obtain the social and demographic characteristics of the study participants in the database. We tested archived participants' sera for herpes simplex virus type 1 using Virotech HSV-1 (gG1) IgG ELISA (Enzygnost, Behring, Germany). Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were used to identify factors associated with HSV-1. RESULTS: A total of 640 adults were randomly recruited after stratification by HIV status (318 were HIV positive), age, and sex. The overall seroprevalence of HSV-1 in the study population was 92.1%. The extrapolated seroprevalence estimate of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the general population was 95.0% (96.0% in males versus 94.0% in females). Males and females were equally affected by HSV-1. HSV-1 was less prevalent in HIV-positive individuals than in HIV-negative individuals. CONCLUSION: People living with HIV were less likely to be HSV-1 seropositive. Further prospective studies are necessary to conclude a causal association.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/epidemiología , VIH-1 , Herpes Simple/epidemiología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/inmunología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/sangre , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/virología , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Conducta Sexual , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/sangre , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/virología , Tanzanía/epidemiología , Adulto Joven
11.
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet ; 42(1): 5-11, 2020 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32107760

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence of human herpesvirus type 1 HSV-1 DNA in placental samples, its incidence in umbilical cord blood of newborns and the associated risk factors. METHODS: Placental biopsies and umbilical cord blood were analyzed, totaling 480 samples, from asymptomatic parturients and their newborns at a University Hospital. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing were used to identify the virus; odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were performed to compare risk factors associated with this condition. RESULTS: The prevalence of HSV-1 DNA in placental samples was 37.5%, and the incidence in cord blood was 27.5%. Hematogenous transplacental route was identified in 61.4% from HSV-1+ samples of umbilical cord blood paired with the placental tissue. No evidence of the virus was observed in the remaining 38.6% of placental tissues, suggesting an ascendant infection from the genital tract, without replication in the placental tissue, resulting in intra-amniotic infection and vertical transmission, seen by the virus in the cord blood. The lack of condom use increased the risk of finding HSV-1 in the placenta and umbilical cord blood. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of HSV-1 DNA in the placenta and in cord blood found suggests vertical transmission from asymptomatic pregnant women to the fetus.


OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência do DNA do vírus herpes humano 1 (HSV-1) em amostras de placenta, sua incidência no sangue do cordão umbilical de recém-nascidos e fatores de risco associados. MéTODOS: Biópsias de placenta e de sangue de cordão umbilical foram analisadas, totalizando 480 amostras de parturientes assintomáticas e seus recém-nascidos em um hospital universitário. Reação de cadeia de polimerase (RCP) nested e sequenciamento gênico foram usados para identificar o vírus; odds ratio (OR) e risco relativo (RR) foram realizados para comparar os fatores de risco associados à essa condição. RESULTADOS: A prevalência do DNA do HSV-1 em amostras de placenta foi de 37,5%, e a incidência no sangue do cordão foi de 27,5%. A via transplacentária hematogênica foi identificada em 61,4% das amostras de HSV-1 + do sangue do cordão umbilical, pareadas com o tecido placentário. Nenhuma evidência do vírus foi observada nos restantes 38,6% dos tecidos placentários, sugerindo uma infecção ascendente do trato genital. A falta de uso do preservativo aumentou o risco de encontrar o HSV-1 na placenta e no sangue do cordão umbilical. CONCLUSãO: A ocorrência de DNA do HSV-1 na placenta e no sangue do cordão umbilical sugere uma transmissão vertical de gestantes assintomáticas para o feto.


Asunto(s)
Herpes Simple/epidemiología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/aislamiento & purificación , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , ADN Viral/análisis , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/virología , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/transmisión , Humanos , Incidencia , Recién Nacido , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Placenta/virología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/sangre , Atención Prenatal , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto Joven
12.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 42(1): 5-11, Jan. 2020. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092632

RESUMEN

Abstract Objective Estimate the prevalence of human herpesvirus type 1 HSV-1 DNA in placental samples, its incidence in umbilical cord blood of newborns and the associated risk factors. Methods Placental biopsies and umbilical cord blood were analyzed, totaling 480 samples, from asymptomatic parturients and their newborns at a University Hospital. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencingwere used to identify the virus; odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were performed to compare risk factors associated with this condition. Results The prevalence of HSV-1 DNA in placental samples was 37.5%, and the incidence in cord blood was 27.5%. Hematogenous transplacental route was identified in 61.4% from HSV-1+ samples of umbilical cord blood paired with the placental tissue. No evidence of the virus was observed in the remaining 38.6% of placental tissues, suggesting an ascendant infection from the genital tract, without replication in the placental tissue, resulting in intra-amniotic infection and vertical transmission, seen by the virus in the cord blood. The lack of condom use increased the risk of finding HSV-1 in the placenta and umbilical cord blood. Conclusion The occurrence of HSV-1 DNA in the placenta and in cord blood found suggests vertical transmission from asymptomatic pregnant women to the fetus.


Resumo Objetivo Estimar a prevalência do DNA do vírus herpes humano 1 (HSV-1) em amostras de placenta, sua incidência no sangue do cordão umbilical de recém-nascidos e fatores de risco associados. Métodos Biópsias de placenta e de sangue de cordão umbilical foram analisadas, totalizando 480 amostras de parturientes assintomáticas e seus recém-nascidos emum hospital universitário. Reação de cadeia de polimerase (RCP) nested e sequenciamento gênico foram usados para identificar o vírus; odds ratio (OR) e risco relativo (RR) foram realizados para comparar os fatores de risco associados à essa condição. Resultados A prevalência do DNA do HSV-1 em amostras de placenta foi de 37,5%, e a incidência no sangue do cordão foi de 27,5%. A via transplacentária hematogênica foi identificada em 61,4% das amostras de HSV-1+do sangue do cordão umbilical, pareadas com o tecido placentário. Nenhuma evidência do vírus foi observada nos restantes 38,6% dos tecidos placentários, sugerindo uma infecção ascendente do trato genital. A falta de uso do preservativo aumentou o risco de encontrar o HSV-1 na placenta e no sangue do cordão umbilical. Conclusão A ocorrência de DNA do HSV-1 na placenta e no sangue do cordão umbilical sugere uma transmissão vertical de gestantes assintomáticas para o feto.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Recién Nacido , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/aislamiento & purificación , Herpes Simple/epidemiología , Placenta/virología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/sangre , Atención Prenatal , Factores Socioeconómicos , Brasil/epidemiología , ADN Viral/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Incidencia , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Sangre Fetal/virología , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/transmisión
13.
Int J Hematol ; 111(1): 131-136, 2020 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31549293

RESUMEN

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) occurs in neonates with disseminated infection of herpes simplex virus (HSV). Little has been reported on the control of rapid HLH progression. We studied the cytokine profile and genetic basis of two index cases with divergent outcomes after early treatment of type 2 HSV infection. One survivor had fever and elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon (IFN)-ß, and IFN-γ at diagnosis. The other neonate had no fever or TNF-α production, but significant IL-6 or IFN responses during the treatment course, and died 19 days after birth. Among 16 reported cases of neonatal HSV-HLH including index cases, eight deceased neonates experienced significantly less fever at presentation (p = 0.028), lower platelet counts (p = 0.019), and lower ratios of soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) to ferritin levels (p = 0.044) than eight survivors. The 100-day overall survival rates were significantly higher in patients with fever (p = 0.004), > 100 × 109/L of platelet counts (p = 0.035) or > 20 of sIL-2R/ferritin ratio at diagnosis (p = 0.004). The first febrile and cytokine responses to HSV infection predict the early outcome of neonatal HSV-HLH.


Asunto(s)
Ferritinas/sangre , Herpes Simple/mortalidad , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/mortalidad , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/virología , Receptores de Interleucina-2/sangre , Femenino , Fiebre/metabolismo , Fiebre/mortalidad , Fiebre/fisiopatología , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/diagnóstico , Herpes Simple/patología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Interferón beta/sangre , Interferón gamma/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/sangre , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/diagnóstico , Masculino , Recuento de Plaquetas , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo , Pronóstico , Receptor Toll-Like 3/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre
14.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 38(11): 1138-1140, 2019 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31626049

RESUMEN

Of 27 neonates with herpes simplex virus, DNAemia was observed in 100% with disseminated disease, 57% with central nervous system disease and 28% with skin, eye, mouth disease, suggesting DNAemia occurs frequently in these infants. Herpes simplex virus culture and polymerase chain reaction were performed on surface specimens from 13/27 infants, and ~50% tested positive only by polymerase chain reaction, suggesting the superiority of this technique.


Asunto(s)
ADN Viral/sangre , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/diagnóstico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/sangre , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Canal Anal/virología , Conjuntiva/virología , ADN Viral/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Registros Electrónicos de Salud , Femenino , Herpes Simple/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Boca/virología , Nasofaringe/virología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Simplexvirus/aislamiento & purificación , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Carga Viral , Cultivo de Virus
15.
Psychiatry Res ; 280: 112502, 2019 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31382180

RESUMEN

Persistent infection with Herpes Simplex viruses (HSV) and other brain infections is consistently associated with cognitive impairment. These infections can also affect sleep. Thus, sleep abnormalities could explain the cognitive dysfunction. We investigated the association between sleep variables and persistent HSV-1, HSV-2, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii (Tox) infections. Sleep data were collected from older adults with or without insomnia (N = 311, total); a subset completed polysomnographic and actigraphy studies (N = 145). No significant associations were found between the infections and insomnia or the remaining sleep variables following corrections for multiple comparisons. Sleep dysfunction is unlikely to explain the infection-related cognitive dysfunction.


Asunto(s)
Herpes Simple/diagnóstico , Herpesvirus Humano 1/metabolismo , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/diagnóstico , Sueño/fisiología , Anciano , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Disfunción Cognitiva/sangre , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Perros , Femenino , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polisomnografía/métodos , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/sangre , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/epidemiología
16.
Nat Commun ; 10(1): 2331, 2019 05 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31133680

RESUMEN

Artificial nanoparticles accumulate a protein corona layer in biological fluids, which significantly influences their bioactivity. As nanosized obligate intracellular parasites, viruses share many biophysical properties with artificial nanoparticles in extracellular environments and here we show that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) accumulate a rich and distinctive protein corona in different biological fluids. Moreover, we show that corona pre-coating differentially affects viral infectivity and immune cell activation. In addition, we demonstrate that viruses bind amyloidogenic peptides in their corona and catalyze amyloid formation via surface-assisted heterogeneous nucleation. Importantly, we show that HSV-1 catalyzes the aggregation of the amyloid ß-peptide (Aß42), a major constituent of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease, in vitro and in animal models. Our results highlight the viral protein corona as an acquired structural layer that is critical for viral-host interactions and illustrate a mechanistic convergence between viral and amyloid pathologies.


Asunto(s)
Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Humano 1/patogenicidad , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/inmunología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Corona de Proteínas/inmunología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/patogenicidad , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/inmunología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/virología , Animales , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/virología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Chlorocebus aethiops , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/inmunología , Herpes Simple/patología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/inmunología , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Agregado de Proteínas/inmunología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/inmunología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/patología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/virología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/inmunología , Células Vero
17.
Sci Transl Med ; 11(487)2019 04 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30971454

RESUMEN

Neonatal herpes simplex virus (nHSV) infections cause devastating morbidity and mortality in infants. Most nHSV cases are associated with primary maternal infection, consistent with the hypothesis that maternal immunity is protective. In humans, we found HSV-specific neutralizing antibodies in newborns of immune mothers, indicating that placentally transferred HSV-specific antibody is protective. Using a murine model, we showed that passive administration of HSV-specific antibody to dams prevented disseminated infection and mortality in pups. Maternal immunization with an HSV-2 replication-defective vaccine candidate, dl5-29, led to transfer of HSV-specific antibodies into neonatal circulation that protected against nHSV neurological disease and death. Furthermore, we observed considerable anxiety-like behavior in adult mice that had been infected with low doses of HSV as neonates, despite a notable lack of signs of infection. This phenotype suggests that nHSV infection can have an unsuspected and permanent impact on behavior. These behavioral sequelae of nHSV were prevented by maternal immunization with dl5-29, demonstrating an unexpected benefit of immunization. These findings also support the general concept that maternal immunization can prevent neurotropic neonatal infections and associated morbidity and mortality.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal , Herpes Simple/inmunología , Herpes Simple/prevención & control , Inmunización , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/inmunología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/prevención & control , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Ansiedad/etiología , Femenino , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/virología , Vacunas contra el Virus del Herpes Simple/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Ratones , Morbilidad , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/sangre , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología , Ganglio del Trigémino/patología , Ganglio del Trigémino/virología , Vacunación
18.
Tohoku J Exp Med ; 247(3): 149-152, 2019 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30828029

RESUMEN

Neonatal disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is a severe disease with high mortality and morbidity; yet, the pathophysiology remains unclear. Here, we report a male infant with disseminated HSV type 1 (HSV-1) infection, complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and multiple organ failure. The infant, born at 39 weeks of gestation by normal delivery, developed fever (38.5˚C) with the high serum C-reactive protein levels on the 1st day of life, and exhibited tachypnea on the 3rd day. On the 5th day of life, the patient received mechanical ventilation and was transferred to our neonatal ICU. Real-time PCR for HSV-1 DNA revealed an extremely high serum concentration (1.0 × 109 copies/µL), and he was diagnosed with HSV-1 infection. Acyclovir (ACV) and corticosteroid pulse therapies with methylprednisolone were started. Continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) using cytokine-absorbing hemofilters was also initiated because of renal failure. These therapies, however, failed to control the disease, and the patient died on the 41st day of life. The dose of ACV on CHDF might not be adequate, although we could not measure the serum ACV concentrations. After the patient's death, we measured his serum cytokine concentrations taken four times during the clinical course. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1ß, and interferon (IFN)-γ were elevated at the time of admission and were remarkably decreased by 10 days after treatment. In particular, the concentrations of IL-1ß and IFN-γ were lower than the measurable ranges. It is therefore important to measure serum cytokine concentrations in real time to prevent excessive immune suppression.


Asunto(s)
Herpes Simple/virología , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/complicaciones , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Carga Viral , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Citocinas/sangre , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Herpes Simple/sangre , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/sangre , Masculino , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/sangre
19.
J Thromb Haemost ; 17(3): 482-491, 2019 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30659719

RESUMEN

Essentials The coagulation initiator, tissue factor (TF), is on the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) surface. HSV1 surface TF was examined in mice as an antiviral target since it enhances infection in vitro. HSV1 surface TF facilitated infection of all organs evaluated and anticoagulants were antiviral. Protease activated receptor 2 inhibited infection in vivo and its pre-activation was antiviral. SUMMARY: Background Tissue factor (TF) is the essential cell surface initiator of coagulation, and mediates cell signaling through protease-activated receptor (PAR) 2. Having a diverse cellular distribution, TF is involved in many biological pathways and pathologies. Our earlier work identified host cell-derived TF on the envelope covering several viruses, and showed its involvement in enhanced cell infection in vitro. Objective In the current study, we evaluated the in vivo effects of virus surface TF on infection and on the related modulator of infection PAR2. Methods With the use of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) as a model enveloped virus, purified HSV1 was generated with or without envelope TF through propagation in a TF-inducible cell line. Infection was studied after intravenous inoculation of BALB/c, C57BL/6J or C57BL/6J PAR2 knockout mice with 5 × 105 plaque-forming units of HSV1, mimicking viremia. Three days after inoculation, organs were processed, and virus was quantified with plaque-forming assays and quantitative real-time PCR. Results Infection of brain, lung, heart, spinal cord and liver by HSV1 required viral TF. Demonstrating promise as a therapeutic target, virus-specific anti-TF mAbs or small-molecule inhibitors of coagulation inhibited infection. PAR2 modulates HSV1 in vivo as demonstrated with PAR2 knockout mice and PAR2 agonist peptide. Conclusion TF is a constituent of many permissive host cell types. Therefore, the results presented here may explain why many viruses are correlated with hemostatic abnormalities, and indicate that TF is a novel pan-specific envelope antiviral target.


Asunto(s)
Herpes Simple/virología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/metabolismo , Tromboplastina/administración & dosificación , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/administración & dosificación , Animales , Anticoagulantes/farmacología , Antivirales/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Herpes Simple/sangre , Herpes Simple/tratamiento farmacológico , Herpes Simple/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efectos de los fármacos , Herpesvirus Humano 1/inmunología , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Receptor PAR-2/genética , Receptor PAR-2/metabolismo , Células TH1/inmunología , Células TH1/virología , Tromboplastina/metabolismo , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/metabolismo
20.
J Clin Lab Anal ; 33(4): e22828, 2019 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30666721

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: TORCH including the pathogens of Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), rubella virus (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes intrauterine infections and poses a worldwide threat to women especially in pregnancy. In this study, we described the seasonal difference in TORCH infection and analyzed the anti-TORCH IgM multipositive serum samples by the indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA). METHODS: To observe the seasonal influence of the anti-TORCH IgG and IgM antibodies, a retrospective study was conducted with 10 669 women (20-40 y old) before pregnancy from August 2016 to July 2017. Totally 199 ELISA anti-TORCH IgM multipositive serum samples were further tested by IFAs for false-positive analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of positive HSV1-IgM, RV-IgM, HSV2-IgM, CMV-IgM, and TOX-IgM in the present population was 6.30%, 2.55%, 1.94%, 1.24%, and 0.67%, respectively. Additionally, the prevalence of positive RV-IgM, CMV-IgM, and HSV1-IgM was statistically different among four seasons, with the highest positive rates of RV-IgM (4.12%) in autumn, CMV-IgM (1.75%) in summer, and HSV1-IgM (7.53%) in winter. The confirmatory IFAs showed that the positive rates of RUV-IgM, CMV-IgM, and HSV2-IgM were significantly different from those in ELISA screening experiments. Interestingly, only 32.7% (65/199) of the TORCH IgM multipositive results were consistent with those by the IFA, indicating that cross-reaction caused false positives were common in ELISA IgM antibody screening. CONCLUSION: The TORCH infection displayed different prevalence among four seasons in our 12-month retrospective study. The IgM multipositives by ELISA screening may need further confirmation analysis due to its relatively high cross-reaction rate.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/sangre , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta/métodos , Herpes Simple/sangre , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/sangre , Toxoplasmosis/sangre , Adulto , China/epidemiología , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/inmunología , Reacciones Falso Positivas , Femenino , Herpes Simple/epidemiología , Herpes Simple/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Prevalencia , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/inmunología , Estaciones del Año , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiología , Toxoplasmosis/inmunología
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