GC × GC-MS analysis and hypolipidemic effects of polyphenol extracts from Shanxi-aged vinegar in rats under a high fat diet.

Oxidative stress, inflammation and gut microbiota disorders can be induced by long-term high-fat diets (HFD). In order to confirm that polyphenols can improve these symptoms, polyphenols from Shanxi-aged vinegar (SAVEP) were extracted, and the components were detected by Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS). 41 polyphenols include 18 phenolic acids and 17 polyphenols, which have not been reported. The mechanism of SAVEP on oxidative stress and inflammatory stress induced by HFD in rats and its regulating effect on intestinal flora disorder were studied. The results showed that SAVEP could significantly improve the lipid, inflammatory stress and oxidative stress related indicators compared with the Model group ("Model" refers to the group that successfully constructed a hyperlipidemia model by feeding HFD without any drugs or SAVEP in subsequent experiments.). In addition, SAVEP decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with the Model group, and elevated the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. Conclusively, SAVEP can alleviate the oxidative stress and inflammatory stress caused by HFD, improving intestinal microbial disorders. The Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that Desulfovibrio, Lactobacillus and Akkermansia were correlated negatively with all of the inflammatory indicators, whereas Ruminococcus was the opposite. These results suggest that SAVEP may be a novel strategy against oxidative stress and inflammation, restoring the normal microbial community ecology of the gut and the treatment of metabolic syndromes.

Treatment of symptomatic hyperLp(a)lipidemia with LDL-apheresis vs. usual care.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To assess LDL-apheresis efficacy to lower Lp(a) and to compare the effects of Usual Medical Care (UMC) a 12-months study was carried out. The incidence of new coronary artery disease (CAD) events/need of revascularization, was also monitored. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with hyperLp(a)lipidemia and angiographically documented CAD were randomly assigned to LDL-apheresis every week, or the UMC. RESULTS: LDL-apheresis group, averaged an Lp(a) reduction of 57.8+/-9.5% vs. basal values (P<0.001). In the UMC group Lp(a) increased in 1 year to 14.7+/-36.5% (P=0.66). Stepwise multivariate regression analysis for predictors of Lp(a) including: type of treatment, smoking, hypertension, age, age at first cardiovascular event, initial Lp(a), LDL, and BMI values, was performed. Only the type of treatment was co-related (P<0.001): Lp(a) variation (beta)=0.863. The model has R2 adjusted relative risk of 0.725. CONCLUSION: LDL-apheresis could be the first line treatment of isolated hyperLp(a)lipidemia when CAD is established. New CAD events/cardiac interventions were not observed.

[Medical nutrition prevention and medical nutrition therapy of lipid metabolism disorder].

High energetic density of nutrition, insufficient physical activity and smoking are the most common causes of obesity and lipid metabolism disorders (hyperlipoproteinemia and dyslipoproteinemia). Hyperlipoproteinemia and dislipoproteinemia are mass noncommunicable diseases and at the same time they are main causes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, hepatic diseases and some localization of malignant diseases. Cardiovascular diseases and malignant diseases are the leading causes of mortality in the world. Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health Nutrition and The Second European Action Plan for Food and Nutrition Policy represent the World Health Organisation approach in prevention of risks of development, and treatment of mass noncommunicable diseases, first of all for hyperlipoproteinemia, cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases. According to the previously mentioned health programmes, medical nutrition therapy of hyperlipoproteinemia and dislipoproteinemia should be applied on whole population and individual level as well. Medical nutrition therapy is managed on individual level. Eminent international organizations, such as the European Society of Atherosclerosis and the American Heart Association, give priority to medical nutrition prevention and medical nutrition therapy in their guides for prevention and therapy of hyperlipoproteinemia, cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases.

Lipemia retinalis in a 35-day-old infant with hyperlipoproteinemia: case report.

A rare case of hyperlipropoteinemia in a 35-day-old infant who presented not only high blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides but also an ocular manifestation described as lipemia retinalis. The fundoscopic abnormality cleared as the levels of chilomicrons in plasma dropped. Lipemia retinalis is an important and reliable parameter of high levels of chilomicrons and triglycerides and should be considered as a significant clue while diagnosing.

Lipemia retinalis in a 35-day-old infant with hyperlipoproteinemia: case report / Lipemia retinalis em recém-nascido com 35 dias: relato de caso

A rare case of hyperlipropoteinemia in a 35-day-old infant who presented not only high blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides but also an ocular manifestation described as lipemia retinalis. The fundoscopic abnormality cleared as the levels of chilomicrons in plasma dropped. Lipemia retinalis is an important and reliable parameter of high levels of chilomicrons and triglycerides and should be considered as a significant clue while diagnosing.

Caso raro de hiperlipoproteinemia em recém-nascido com 35 dias de idade. Identificados altos níveis de colesterol e triglicérides associados a manifestãção ocular descrita como lipemia retinalis. As alterações oculares mostraram melhora uma vez que os níveis séricos foram controlados. Lipemia retinalis é parâmetro confiável e importante a ser considerado como suspeita de alterações de colesterol e triglicérides em crianças e em adultos.

[The influence of diet with including amaranth oil on lipid metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipoproteidemia].

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with amaranth oil on dynamic of lipid profile and composition of fatty acids of erythrocytes in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipoproteidemia. The efficacy of diet with different contents of squalene (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg per day) was compared. It was shown that antiatherosclerotic diet with including 600 mg squalene has promoted the most positive changes of the serum cholesterol and triglycerides level and fatty acid composition of erythrocytes membranes as well.

[The influence of a diet with including amaranth oil on antioxidant and immune status in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipoproteidemia].

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with amaranth oil on dynamic of antioxidant and immune status in 125 patients with ischemic heart disease and hyper-lipoproteidemia. The efficacy of diets with different contents of squalene (100, 200, 400, 600 mg per day) was compared. It was shown that antiatherosclerotic diet with inclusion 600 mg squalene has promoted the most positive changes of immune status. The consumption of 200-400 mg of squalene per day produced the more significant antioxidant effect.

[The study of influence of chitosan on clinical, metabolic and immune parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases].

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with chitosan on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diet with chitosan in patients with ishemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic, immune status, antropometric levels and lipid spectrum of blood. The research has shown, that the use in the treat-preventive purposes chitosan is rather perspective.

[The effect of hypolipemic therapy with diet and simvastatin on the course of angina pectoris and the results of exercise stress test in patients with coronary artery disease]. / Wplyw leczenia hipolipemizujaego dieta i simwastatyn na przebieg dusznicy bolesnej i wyniki elektrokardiograficznej próby wysilkowej u pacjentów z choroba niedokrwienna serca.

UNLABELLED: Statins are the multi-directorial acting drugs in atherosclerosis prevention, which decrease the overall and cardiovascular mortality. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of six-month long hypolipemic therapy with diet and 20 mg of simvastatin on clinical intensity of angina pectoris and the course of exercise stress test. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 44 patients with typical anginal chest pain. In all blood sampling and treadmill stress test were made, and next in all hypolipemic diet and simvastatin 20 mg were recommended. After four weeks and six months of treatment clinical assessment and exercise test were made. RESULTS: After four weeks and six month long observation period the decrease of total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and fibrinogen were found. Moreover, we have observed the improvement in frequency of anginal symptoms, their intensity in CCS classification and number of nitroglycerin tablets taken per week. The course of exercise test was also ameliorated: the percentage of patients, in whom stress test was finished because of chest pain was decreased, time of chest pain duration after exercise cessation was shorter, the percentage of patients with significant ST interval depression diminished, maximal ST interval depression as well as the time of significant ST interval depression duration also decreased. Although improvement in values of mentioned parameters, after six months long therapy with simvastatin the percentage of patients with Duke's treadmill score value showing intermediate cardiovascular risk (between -10 and +4) increased. In conclusion, therapy with hypolipemic diet and simvastatin already after four weeks decreased plasma lipids and fibrinogen levels and improved the course of angina pectoris and exercise stress test, what suggested its effectiveness not only as the treatment improving atherosclerosis risk factors, but also with prompt and clinical important effect ameliorating the handicapped coronary reserve.

The concept of apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein families and its clinical significance.

Classification of plasma lipoproteins on the basis of apolipoprotein (apo) composition recognizes two lipoprotein (Lp) classes, one of which is characterized by apoA-I and the other by apoB as major protein constituents. The former lipoprotein class consists of three major subclasses referred to (according to their apolipoprotein constituents) as Lp-A-I, Lp-A-I:A-II, and Lp-A-II, and the latter one of five subclasses called Lp-B, Lp-B:E, Lp-B:C, Lp-B:C:E, and Lp-A-II:B:C:D:E. As polydisperse systems of particles, the apoA-I-containing lipoproteins overlap in high-density segments and apoB- containing lipoproteins in low-density segments of the density gradient. Each subclass is characterized by a specific chemical composition and metabolic property. Normolipidemia and dyslipoproteinemias are characterized by quantitative rather than qualitative differences in the levels of apoA- and apoB-containing subclasses. Furthermore, apoA-containing subclasses seem to differ with respect to their relative antiatherogenic capacities, and apoB-containing subclasses regarding their relative atherogenic potentials. Whereas Lp-A-I may have a greater antiatherogenic capacity than other apoA-containing subclasses, the cholesterol-enriched Lp-B:C appears to be the most atherogenic subclass among apoB-containing lipoprotein families. The use of pharmacologic and/or dietary interventions to treat dyslipoproteinemias has already shown that these therapeutic modalities may affect selectively individual apolipoprotein-defined lipoproteins, and thus allow the selection of individualized treatments targeted at decreasing harmful and/or increasing beneficial lipoprotein subclasses.

Rice bran oil and gamma-oryzanol in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemias and other conditions.

Diet is the first (and sometimes the only) therapeutic approach to hyperlipoproteinaemias. Rice bran oil and its main components (unsaturated fatty acids, triterpene alcohols, phytosterols, tocotrienols, alpha-tocopherol) have demonstrated an ability to improve the plasma lipid pattern of rodents, rabbits, non-human primates and humans, reducing total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and increasing the high density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Other potential properties of rice bran oil and gamma-oryzanol, studied both in vitro and in animal models, include modulation of pituitary secretion, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, antioxidant action and inhibition of platelet aggregation. This paper reviews the available data on the pharmacology and toxicology of rice bran oil and its main components with particular attention to those studies relating to plasma lipid altering effects.

Xantomatosis e hiperlipoproteinemia en la infancia: a propósito de un caso clínico / Xanthomas and hiperlipoproteinemia in infancy: apropos of a clinical case

Los xantomas cutáneos pueden ser marcadores cutáneos de una patología subyacente, por lo que su identificación y el conocimiento básico de las hiperlipoproteinemias hereditarias que afectan a la población infantil nos ayudarán a realizar un diagnóstico y derivación precoz de los pacientes portadores de estas enfermedades. Las alteraciones de las lipoproteínas pueden acompañarse de patologías tales como diabetes mellitus, enfermedad tiroidea o enfermedad cardiovascular ateroesclerótica precoz. Presentamos el caso clínico de un escolar portador de xantomas e hiperlipoproteinemia

[Clinical-metabolic evaluation of the effectiveness of the olive oil use in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. / Kliniko-metabolicheskaia otsenka éffektivnosti primeneniia olivkovogo masla v dietoterapii bol'nykh s serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami.

Investigation of influence of diet with olive oil on clinical, metabolic and immune indices in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension was conducted. As a result of the diet modified by the lipid component positive effect on the course of the diseases and lipid spectrum of blood, pronounced action on some indices of cell immunity, intensity of processes of lipid peroxidation were observed.

[Nutritional aspects of hyperlipoproteinemias]. / Nutricní aspekty hyperlipoproteinémií.

The article deals with contemporary views on the impact of different nutritional substrates important for the construction of diets for patients with primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinaemia, explanation of different provisions and instructions according to which the physician or dietitian can prepare individual diets for normosthenic and obese patients, incl. calculation of the energy value of the diet. The author emphasizes also some new aspects of nutritional pharmacology useful not only for the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia but also for prevention of thrombogenic complications and adverse vasomotor reactions in patients with affections of the cardiovascular system.

[Effect of nonpharmacologic intervention on lowering plasma cholesterol levels]. / Efekt nefarmakologické intervence na snízení hladiny plazmatického cholesterolu.

UNLABELLED: Our study focused on the effect of non-pharmacological intervention based on the modification of dietary habits and increasing physical activity on the level of total plasma cholesterol. SAMPLE AND METHODS: Intervented sample was created by 279 highly motivated healthy adults from Brno (168 women and 111 men) of average age 43.5 +/- 10.3 years and average level of total plasma cholesterol 6.1 +/- 0.75 mmol/l and HDL-cholesterol 1.04 +/- 0.14 mmol/l. After medical and life-style history assessment, followed by clinical and biochemical checking and evaluation the risk from the life-style and biochemical and clinical parameters, the participants were individually informed about recommendations. These recommendations regarded detailed changes of dietary habits, quantified by the recommended number of servings of basic food groups and sub-groups daily and also increasing physical activity. RESULTS: After 3 months the changes of biochemical parameters were evaluated. After our non-pharmacological intervention we founded significantly lower average level of total plasma cholesterol 5.36 +/- 1.24 mmol/l (p < 0.001) and higher level of HDL-cholesterol 1.16 +/- 0.14 mmol/l. The level of TG's did not change significantly neither in whole sample, nor in the sub/sample of women and men. 26% of our sample was resistant to the intervention (the difference in the total cholesterol level between 2 assessment was lower than 0.5 mmol/l). No significant difference was found between men and women regarding the reaction of plasma lipoproteins. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our results justify the adequacy and appropriety of primary preventive advising focusing on decrease of the risk of premature death using non-pharmacological intervention in highly motivated people with good compliance and sufficient responsibility for their personal health.

Tratamiento de la hipercolesterolemia revierte la infertilidad masculina: a propósito de 2 pacientes / Treatment of hypercholesterolemia reverts male infertility. Apropos of 2 patients

Se presentaron 2 pacientes que acudieron a consultas por infertilidad, en los que se comprobó astenozoospermia con densidad espermática normal e hiperlipoproteinemia (HLP) del tipo IIa. El tratamiento de la HLP normalizó el espermograma en ambos casos y lograron embarazar a sus respectivas esposas. Se sugirió que el tratamiento y mejoría de la alteración lipídica puede mejorar la calidad del semen y revertir la infertilidad en pacientes con astenozoospermia y HLP tipo IIa, aunque es necesario el estudio de un mayor número de pacientes para hacer conclusiones definitivas

Tratamiento de la hipercolesterolemia revierte la infertilidad masculina: a propósito de 2 pacientes / Treatment of hypercholesterolemia reverts male infertility. Apropos of 2 patients

Se presentaron 2 pacientes que acudieron a consultas por infertilidad, en los que se comprobó astenozoospermia con densidad espermática normal e hiperlipoproteinemia (HLP) del tipo IIa. El tratamiento de la HLP normalizó el espermograma en ambos casos y lograron embarazar a sus respectivas esposas. Se sugirió que el tratamiento y mejoría de la alteración lipídica puede mejorar la calidad del semen y revertir la infertilidad en pacientes con astenozoospermia y HLP tipo IIa, aunque es necesario el estudio de un mayor número de pacientes para hacer conclusiones definitivas (AU)

Conduta diagnóstica e terapêutica nas hiperlipidemias em Pediatria / Diagnosis and therapeutic approach to hyperlipidemias in Pediatrics

Os autores realizam uma revisäo sobre a conduta diagnóstica e terapêutica nas hiperlipidemias na faixa etária pediátrica. Inicialmente apresentam as vias de produçäo das lipoproteínas, classificando as dislipidemias e mencionando as indicaçöes para a mensuraçäo dos níveis lipídicos em crianças: além da interpretaçäo dos testes laboratoriais, é apresentado um esquema terapêutico baseado na orientaçäo nutricional, estímulo à atividade física, modificaçäo do estilo de vida e utilizaçäo da terapêutica medicamentosa

[A comparison of the hypolipidemic action of probucol at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/day in moderate hyperlipoproteinemia]. / Sopostavlenie gipolipidemicheskogo deistviia probukola v doze 500 i 1000 mg/sut pri umerennoi giperlipoproteidemii.

AIM: Evaluation of effectiveness of hypolipidemic action of probucol in doses 500 and 1000 mg/day and comparison of probucol blood concentrations on the treatment month 3 and 6. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Probucol (Akrikhin, Russia) was given to 41 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia in a dose 500 mg/day. 3 months later the patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 patients exhibited a > 10% decrease in cholesterol levels and continued to take probucol in the dose 500 mg/day. Group 2 patients were crossed over to higher cholesterol dose--up to 1000 mg/day. Lipids levels were measured by enzyme tests, apoproteins--by immunoturbidimetry and immunodiffusion, probucol concentrations--by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: After 3 months of treatment, cholesterol lowered by 14.3 and 9.2% in groups 1 and 2, respectively. After 6 months, by 19.7 and 12.9%, respectively. Probucol concentrations in blood were higher after 6 months of treatment than after 3 months in both groups. No significant differences existed between the groups by probucol concentrations in 3 and 6 months. CONCLUSION: Hypolipidemic effect of probucol depended on the individual features of lipoproteins metabolic disorders rather than the drug blood concentration. Larger probucol doses fail to reduce cholesterol further.