Bidirectional associations between hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a national population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: The present study analyzed the reciprocal relationships between four common pediatric ophthalmic diseases (i.e., hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. METHODS: This study enrolled 86,028 children with ADHD and 1,798,673 children without ADHD in the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database who were born at any time from 2004 to 2017. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the bidirectional relationships of the four ophthalmic diseases with ADHD in children after adjusting for age, sex, and gestational age at birth. Survival curves for time-to-event variables were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare the curves. RESULTS: The results indicated that ADHD significantly predicted the occurrence of hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus. Furthermore, hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus significantly predicted the occurrence of ADHD. The time between enrollment and ADHD diagnosis was shorter for patients with ophthalmic diseases than for the control group, and the time between enrollment and ophthalmic disease diagnosis was also shorter for ADHD patients than for the control group. Sex differences were found in the associations between ADHD and ophthalmic diseases. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should monitor children with ADHD for hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus to ensure appropriate treatment, and vice versa.

Corneal ectasia secondary to LASIK after arcuate keratotomy.

PURPOSE: To present a case of corneal ectasia after LASIK in a patient with previous arcuate keratotomy. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: The patient underwent arcuate keratotomy in both eyes in 1997 for with-the-rule regular hyperopic astigmatism and uneventful bilateral LASIK for residual astigmatism 5 years later. Visual acuity and refraction remained stable for 5 years, when the patient noticed worsening visual acuity. Corneal topography showed progressive inferior steepening, confirming the diagnosis of ectasia. Corneal high-resolution optical coherence tomography revealed a normal LASIK flap. The patient had no risk factors for corneal ectasia other than previous incisional surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that isolated arcuate keratotomy can be a significant risk factor for the development of corneal ectasia after LASIK.

Primary piggyback implantation using the Tecnis ZM900 multifocal intraocular lens: case series.

PURPOSE: To assess the postoperative outcomes of primary piggyback implantation using the Tecnis ZM900 multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) (Advanced Medical Optics). SETTING: Hospital Oftalmológico de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. METHODS: Patients who had phacoemulsification with primary piggyback IOL implantation were analyzed prospectively. In all cases, a Tecnis ZM900 multifocal IOL was implanted in the capsular bag and a second silicone IOL was implanted in the ciliary sulcus. Information collected included near and distance uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and the spherical equivalent (SE) before and after the surgery. RESULTS: Twenty eyes of 12 patients were included in the study. They were followed for 6 months. The mean preoperative distance UCVA was 20/400. At the last follow-up (6 months), the mean distance UCVA was 20/29, significantly better than before referral (P<.001). The mean preoperative SE was +6.35 diopters (D) +/- 2.25 (SD). Six months after surgery, the mean SE was -0.25 +/- 0.40 D (range -1.00 to +0.50 D), significantly better than before referral (P<.001). No patient lost lines of BCVA after surgery. At the last follow-up, 90% of the eyes achieved a near UCVA of J1 and 83.3% of patients were spectacle independent for near and distance vision. A second refractive procedure was performed in 2 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Primary piggyback implantation using the Tecnis ZM900 multifocal IOL was a simple, safe, and accurate option for patients with high hyperopia who wanted to reduce their dependency on spectacles.

Piggyback posterior chamber multifocal intraocular lenses in anisometropia.

A 63-year-old white man with anisometropic hyperopia presented with cataract in both eyes. He had uneventful temporal limbal phacoemulsification with intracapsular placement of a multifocal 3-piece silicone intraocular lens (IOL) in his right eye (model SA-40N, Allergan, Inc.). One week later, 2 intracapsular 3-piece silicone IOLs (1 monofocal backward, Allergan model SI-40NB; 1 multifocal in front, Allergan model SA-40N) were implanted in his left eye. At 8 days postoperatively, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 for distance and J1 for near vision in the right eye and 20/30 and J2, respectively, in the left. These values remained constant until the patient was seen 7 months postoperatively. Power calculation and insertion order of the piggyback IOLs were considered.

Neuritis retrobulbar inducida por amiodarona: caso clínico / Amiodarone induced retrobulbar neuritis: report of 1 case

We report a 66 years old male, with an ophtalmologic history of long sightedness, admitted to the hospital due to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation crises in the context of a coronary heart disease. He was treated with iv amiodarone, receiving a total dose of 6 g in 72 hours. After the third day of treatment, the patient noticed a correction of his long sightedness and 24 h later, he complained of blurred vision and orbital frontal headache. Visual field examination revealed a concentric retraction of visual field and a centrocecal scotoma in both eyes. Amiodarone was withdrawn and dexametasone treatment was begun. Three days after amiodarone discontinuation, sight improved and visual field returned to normal. Although retrobulbar neuritis has been associated to various drugs, amiodarone has not been considered as a possible agent

Fibras nervosas retinianas mielinizadas: relato de três casos atípicos / Myelinated retinal nerve fibers: report of three atypical cases

Os autores descrevem três casos atípicos de fibras nervosas rtinianas mielinizadas associadas com erros refracionais e ambliopia. Em dois casos o acometimento foi bilateral. Dois pacientes apresentavam miopia e um hipermetropia. Alertam para o diagnóstico precoce destas alteraçöes, considerando que tais fibras mielinizadas podem trazer danos irreversíveis para a funçäo visual dos pacientes

Endotropia recidivante: presentación de dos casos / Recurrence esotropia: Presentation two cases

Se presentan dos casos de pacientes adultos, con historia de estrabismo desde la infancia y sin antecedentes de tratamiento. Fueron operados con diagnóstico de endotropia posicional inervacional primaria, con buen resultado inmediato y recurrencia de la endotropia en el postoperatorio tardío. Se determinó que la causa de la recidiva era una hipermetropía mal valorada en el estudio clínico inicial. Se presenta la revisión de la bibliografía y el análisis de los factores que condicionan un mal resultado en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la endotropia.

Oclusöes venosas retinianas: fatores de risco / Retinal venous oclusion: risk factors

Estudou-se no presente trabalho, os fatores de risco em relaçäo às oclusöes venosas retinianas. Os fatores de risco mais frequentes foram: hipertensäo arterial sistêmica, hipermetropia e glaucoma crônico simples. O diabetes mellitus foi uma associaçäo muito pouco frequente

Vícios de refraçäo e cefaléia habitual em crianças / Refraction errors and habitual headaches in children

Estudou-se a ocorrência de vícios de refraçäo em 118 crianças portadoras de cefaléia habitual. Conclue-se que a hipermetropia de valor médio é a causa mais comum. Sugerem-se regras gerais para correçäo