Effect of magnesium oxide or citrate supplements on metabolic risk factors in kidney stone formers with idiopathic hyperoxaluria: a randomized clinical trial.

Magnesium is one of the recommended treatments for calcium stone formers (CSFs) with hyperoxaluria. In this study, we compared the effect of magnesium oxide (MgO) or magnesium citrate (MgCit) with placebo on 24-hour urine (24-U) metabolites and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index (CaOx SS). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 90 CSFs with idiopathic hyperoxaluria were recruited from a tertiary stone prevention clinic. Patients were randomly assigned into three groups: 120 mg MgO, 120 mg MgCit or placebo (supplements were taken three times per day, with meals). Finally, 76 patients were included in the final analysis. Analyses of 24-U were performed at baseline and after eight weeks. Study outcomes included changes in 24-U oxalate, magnesium, citrate, and CaOx SS. Dietary factors were controlled by 24-hour food recalls. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the results. After the intervention, both MgO and MgCit supplements decreased 24-U oxalate excretion (-8.13±16.45 in the MgO group and -16.99±18.02 in the MgCit group) and CaOx SS compared to the placebo, with the effects of MgCit reaching statistical significance (p=0.011 and p=0.010, respectively). An increasing trend was observed for 24-U magnesium and citrate excretion without significant differences among groups. Interestingly, MgCit exhibited a significantly greater inhibitory effect on 24-U oxalate in patients with normal urine magnesium levels (p=0.021). Clinically, both MgO and MgCit reduced 24-U oxalate and CaOx SS compared to placebo. However, MgCit demonstrated a greater effect, especially in patients with normal urine magnesium levels.

Determinants and impact of calcium oxalate crystal deposition on renal outcomes in acute kidney injury patients.

OBJECTIVES: Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients is under recognized but impacts renal outcomes. This study investigates its determinants and effects. METHODS: We studied 814 AKI patients with native kidney biopsies from 2011 to 2020, identifying CaOx crystal deposition severity (mild: <5, moderate: 5-10, severe: >10 crystals per section). We assessed factors like urinary oxalate, citrate, urate, electrolytes, pH, tubular calcification index, and SLC26A6 expression, comparing them with creatinine-matched AKI controls without oxalosis. We analyzed how these factors relate to CaOx severity and their impact on renal recovery (eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 3-month follow-up). RESULTS: CaOx crystal deposition was found in 3.9% of the AKI cohort (32 cases), with 72% due to nephrotoxic medication-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis. Diuretic use, higher urinary oxalate-to-citrate ratio induced by hypocitraturia, and tubular calcification index were significant contributors to moderate and/or severe CaOx deposition. Poor baseline renal function, low urinary chloride, high uric acid and urea nitrogen, tubular SLC26A6 overexpression, and glomerular sclerosis were also associated with moderate-to-severe CaOx deposition. Kidney recovery was delayed, with 43.8%, 31.2%, and 18.8% of patients having eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 4, 12, and 24-week post-injury. Poor outcomes were linked to high urinary α1-microglobulin-to-creatinine (α1-MG/C) ratios and active tubular injury scores. Univariate analysis showed a strong link between this ratio and poor renal outcomes, independent of oxalosis severity. CONCLUSIONS: In AKI, CaOx deposition is common despite declining GFR. Factors worsening tubular injury, not just oxalate-to-citrate ratios, are key to understanding impaired renal recovery.

Oxalate nephropathy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a case report.

A 75-year-old male developed acute kidney injury KDIGO stage 3 a few weeks after Whipple surgery was performed for a distal cholangiocarcinoma. Kidney biopsy revealed oxalate nephropathy. This was attributed to post-Whipple malabsorption, poor compliance with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and daily intake of vitamin C supplements. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy was resumed and calcium carbonate initiated, with an improvement in glomerular filtration rate. Unfortunately, due to oncological progression, best supportive care was initiated.We review the pathophysiology and conditions predisposing to secondary hyperoxaluria and oxalate nephropathy. This diagnosis should be considered among the main causes of acute kidney injury following pancreatectomy, with important therapeutic implications.

Pathophysiology and management of enteric hyperoxaluria.

Enteric hyperoxaluria is a metabolic disorder resulting from conditions associated with fatty acid malabsorption and characterized by an increased urinary output of oxalate. Oxalate is excessively absorbed in the gut and then excreted in urine where it forms calcium oxalate crystals, inducing kidney stones formation and crystalline nephropathies. Enteric hyperoxaluria is probably underdiagnosed and may silently damage kidney function of patients affected by bowel diseases. Moreover, the prevalence of enteric hyperoxaluria has increased because of the development of bariatric surgical procedures. Therapeutic options are based on the treatment of the underlying disease, limitation of oxalate intakes, increase in calcium salts intakes but also increase in urine volume and correction of hypocitraturia. There are few data regarding the natural evolution of kidney stone events and chronic kidney disease in these patients, and there is a need for new treatments limiting kidney injury by calcium oxalate crystallization.

Oxalate nephropathy and chronic turmeric supplementation: a case report.

We present a case of a 69-year-old man who presented for routine check-up and was incidentally found to have kidney failure with an initially unrevealing history and bland urinary sediment. He was diagnosed with oxalate nephropathy in the setting of chronic turmeric supplementation and chronic antibiotic therapy with associated diarrhea. Our case provides several key insights into oxalate nephropathy. First, the diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion. It is uncommonly suspected clinically unless there is an obvious clue in the history such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or ethylene glycol poisoning. Diagnosis can be confirmed by histopathologic findings and corroborated by serum levels of oxalate and 24-hour urinary excretion. Second, the diagnosis can often be missed by the pathologist because of the characteristics of the crystals unless the renal pathologist has made it a rule to examine routinely all H&E sections under polarized light. This must be done on H&E, as the other stains dissolve the crystals. Third, one oxalate crystal in a routine needle biopsy is considered pathologic and potentially contributing to the AKI or to the CKD in an important way. Fourth, secondary oxalosis can be largely mitigated or prevented in many cases, especially iatrogenic cases. This can come through the surgeon or the gastroenterologist providing proper instructions to patients on an oxalate-restricted diet or other specific dietary measures. Lastly, this case highlights the success that results from cooperation and communication between the pathologist and the treating physician.

Clinicopathologic Characteristics, Etiologies, and Outcome of Secondary Oxalate Nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinicopathologic characteristics, prognostic indicators, prognosis, and transplant outcome of secondary oxalate nephropathy (ON). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 113 consecutive patients with secondary ON diagnosed at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, between January 1, 2001, and March 1, 2023. RESULTS: The incidence of secondary ON among all native biopsies from Mayo Clinic patients over the study period (n=11,617) was 0.97%. ON was attributed to enteric hyperoxaluria in 60% of the 113 patients (68; most commonly Roux-en-Y gastric bypass), excessive ingestion of foods high in oxalate or oxalate precursors in 23% (26) (most commonly vitamin C), and idiopathic in 17% (19). Most patients presented with acute kidney injury (AKI) (particularly in the ingestion group) or AKI on chronic kidney disease, and 53% (60 of 113) were diabetic. Calcium oxalate crystals were accompanied by acute tubular injury, inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Concurrent pathologic conditions were present in 53% of the patients (60 of 113), most commonly diabetic nephropathy. After a median follow-up of 36 months, 27% of the patients (30 of 112) had kidney recovery, 19% (21 of 112) had persistent kidney dysfunction, 54% (61 of 112) had development of kidney failure, and 29% (32 of 112) died. The mean kidney survival was worse for patients with a concurrent pathologic lesion (30 months vs 96 months for those without a concurrent pathologic lesion; P<.001). Independent predictors of kidney failure were the degree of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and nadir estimated glomerular filtration rate but not the degree of crystal deposition. After a median follow-up of 58 months in 23 patients who received kidney transplant, 4 had graft loss (due to ON in 3). The 2-, 5-, and 10-year graft survivals were 90% (18 of 20), 79% (11 of 14), and 50% (6 of 12). CONCLUSION: ON is a rare cause of AKI or AKI on chronic kidney disease. Most patients have comorbid pathologic conditions, particularly diabetic nephropathy, which worsen the prognosis. Recurrence in the renal allograft and graft loss may occur if hyperoxaluria is not controlled.

Comprehensive evaluation of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1: A nationwide study.

BACKGROUND: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is characterized by increased endogenous oxalate production and deposition as calcium oxalate crystals. The main manifestations are nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis, causing impaired kidney function. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and overall outcomes of paediatric PH1 patients in Turkey. METHODS: This is a nationwide, multicentre, retrospective study evaluating all available paediatric PH1 patients from 15 different paediatric nephrology centres in Turkey. Detailed patient data was collected which included demographic, clinical and laboratory features. Patients were classified according to their age and characteristics at presentation: patients presenting in the first year of life with nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis (infantile oxalosis, Group 1), cases with recurrent nephrolithiasis diagnosed during childhood (childhood-onset PH1, Group 2), and asymptomatic children diagnosed with family screening (Group 3). RESULTS: Forty-eight patients had a mutation consistent with PH1. The most common mutation was c.971_972delTG (25%). Infantile oxalosis patients had more advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) or kidney failure necessitating dialysis (76.9% vs. 45.5%). These patients had much worse clinical course and mortality rates seemed to be higher (23.1% vs. 13.6%). Patients with fatal outcomes were the ones with significant comorbidities, especially with cardiovascular involvement. Patients in Group 3 were followed with better outcomes, with no kidney failure or mortality. CONCLUSION: PH1 is not an isolated kidney disease but a systemic disease. Family screening helps to preserve kidney function and prevent systemic complications. Despite all efforts made with traditional treatment methods including transplantation, our results show devastating outcomes or mortality.

Intestinal Oxalate Absorption, Enteric Hyperoxaluria, and Risk of Urinary Stone Formation in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Nephrolithiasis is a common urologic manifestation of Crohn's disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, intestinal oxalate absorption, and risk factors for urinary stone formation in these patients. In total, 27 patients with Crohn's disease and 27 healthy subjects were included in the present study. Anthropometric, clinical, and 24 h urinary parameters were determined, and the [13C2]oxalate absorption test was performed. Among all patients, 18 had undergone ileal resection, 9 of whom had a history of urinary stones. Compared to healthy controls, the urinary excretion values of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfate, creatinine, and citrate were significantly lower in patients with Crohn's disease. Intestinal oxalate absorption, the fractional and 24 h urinary oxalate excretion, and the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation were significantly higher in patients with urolithiasis than in patients without urolithiasis or in healthy controls. Regardless of the group, between 83% and 96% of the [13C2]oxalate was detected in the urine within the first 12 h after ingestion. The length of ileum resection correlated significantly with the intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of oxalate. These findings suggest that enteric hyperoxaluria can be attributed to the hyperabsorption of oxalate following extensive ileal resection. Oral supplementation of calcium and magnesium, as well as alkali citrate therapy, should be considered as treatment options for urolithiasis.

Uso de las concentraciones urinarias en mg/dl en relación a los valores absolutos en 24 h para la evaluación de factores litogénicos en pacientes litiásicos / Use of urinary concentrations in mg/dl in relation to absolute values in 24-hour samples for the evaluation of lithogenic factors in stone forming patients

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las concentraciones en orina (mg/dl) de diferentes factores litogénicos en una muestra de 24 h como predictor de estas alteraciones en lugar de valores absolutos que dependen del volumen de diuresis. MÉTODOS: Desde junio 2014 a mayo 2015 se incluyen un total de 131 pacientes, pertenecientes al Área de Gestión Sanitaria Norte de Almería, con litiasis a los que se indica estudio metabólico. Se realiza estudio de concentraciones de calcio, oxalato, úrico y citrato en orina, junto con cociente calcio/citrato. Se tiene en cuenta la clasificación de hipercalciuria (> 260 mg/24h), hiperuricosuria (> 750 mg/24 h), hiperoxaluria (> 40 mg/24h), hipocitraturia (< 320 mg/24h), hipomagnesuria (< 35 mg/24h). Análisis estadístico con SPSS 17.0. RESULTADOS: Para la concentración de calcio en orina se estima un punto de corte de 12,55 mg/dl con sensibilidad 90% y especificidad 85% con RR de 51,2 (13,9-188,4). En relación a la concentración de oxalato se estima un punto de corte de 1,86 mg/dl con sensibilidad del 91% y especificidad del 84%, con un RR estimado de 67,2 (8,3-540,6). En cuanto a la concentración de úrico en orina se estima un punto de corte de 31,2 mg/dl con una sensibilidad 85% y especificidad 70%, con un RR estimado de 12 (3,8-37,6). En cuanto al citrato, el punto de corte estimado para su concentración fue de 18,8 mg/dl con una sensibilidad y especificidad del 82% y 74% respectivamente, estimando un RR de 13,7 (4,4-42,6). El punto de corte para el magnesio fue de 2,26 mg/dl con sensibilidad 95% y especificidad 78% y RR de 67,6 (11,4-398,3). CONCLUSION: La determinación de concentraciones en orina, en lugar de valores absolutos que dependen en gran medida de la diuresis, parece ser útil a la hora de estimar alteraciones metabólicas clásicas, por lo que deben ser tenidos en cuenta en la evaluación de los pacientes con litiasis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze urine concentrations (mg/dl) of different lithogenic factors in a sample of 24 h as a predictor of these changes rather than absolute values depend on the volume of diuresis. METHODS: A total of 131 patients from the North Almeria Health Management Area (Spain) with urinary stone disease in whom a metabolic study was indicated were included from June 2014 to May 2015. The concentrations of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, citrate and magnesium were measured in the urine, and the calcium/citrate ratio was calculated. The classifications used were: hypercalciuria (> 260 mg/24h), hyperuricosuria (> 750 mg/24h), hyperoxaluria (> 40 mg/24h), hypocitraturia (> 320 mg/24h) and hypomagnesuria (< 35 mg/24h). The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: A cut-off point of 12.55 mg/dl, with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 85% and a relative risk (RR) of 51.2 (13.9-188.4), was estimated for urinary calcium. For oxalate the cut-off point was 1.86 mg/dl, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 84% with an estimated RR of 67.2 (8.3-540.6). As regards the uric acid concentration in urine, a cut-off point of 31.2 mg/dl was estimated, with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 70% and a RR of 12 (3.8-37.6). For citrate the cut-off point was 18.8 mg/dl, with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 74%, respectively, with a RR of 13.7 (4.4- 42.6). The cut-off point for magnesium was 2.26mg/dl with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 78%, with a RR of 67.6 (11.4-398.3). CONCLUSION: The determination of urine concentrations, instead of absolute values, depends to a large extent on urine output, appears to be useful when estimating classic metabolic alterations and should be taken into account in the evaluation of patients with urinary stone disease

Nefropatía aguda por depósitos de oxalato en un paciente con síndrome de malabsorción por pancreatitis crónica / Acute oxalate nephropathy in a patient with malabsorption syndrome for chronic pancreatitis

No disponible

Nefropatía aguda por oxalato y pancreatitis crónica / Acute oxalate nephropathy and chronic pancreatitis

No disponible

Oxalosis y livedo reticularis / Oxalosis and Livedo Reticularis

La oxalosis es una enfermedad derivada del depósito de oxalato cálcico fuera del aparato urinario. Los lugares de depósito extrarrenales más frecuentes incluyen el hueso, el miocardio, la retina, los vasos sanguíneos y la piel, lo que da lugar a las manifestaciones clínicas de esta enfermedad. En la piel las alteraciones pueden deberse a la afectación de los vasos sanguíneos, lo que da lugar a la aparición de cuadros de livedo reticularis, acrocianosis, úlceras y gangrena. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 60 años con historia de litiasis renal recidivante, que le llevó a una insuficiencia renal terminal que requirió hemodiálisis y posteriormente diálisis peritoneal. La paciente desarrolló de forma súbita la aparición de elementos cutáneos de color rojo-violáceo, dolorosos a la palpación compatibles con livedo reticularis que evolucionaron a úlceras. La biopsia cutánea reveló una vasculopatía por oxalato.En este artículo se describen las características de este raro proceso, su diagnóstico diferencial con la calcifilaxis y las alternativas terapéuticas (AU)

Oxalosis is a disease caused by the deposition of calcium oxalate in extrarenal tissues, most commonly bone, myocardium, retina, blood vessels, and skin, causing the clinical manifestations of the disease. Involvement of the blood vessels of the skin can give rise to livedo reticularis, acrocyanosis, ulcers, and gangrene. We present the case of a 60-year-old woman with a history of recurrent renal lithiasis that had led to terminal renal failure requiring hemodialysis and, subsequently, peritoneal dialysis. The patient developed tender red-violaceous skin discoloration of sudden onset, consistent with livedo reticularis; the lesions progressed to form ulcers. Skin biopsy revealed oxalate vasculopathy. In this article we describe the characteristics of this rare disorder, its differentiation from calciphylaxis, and the therapeutic options (AU)

Nephrocalcinosis induced by hyperoxaluria in rats

PURPOSE: To investigate nephrocalcinosis due to hyperoxaluria induced by two different inducing agents in rats. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly distributed into four groups: Group1 (Clinical control, n = 10); Group 2 (0.5% Ethylene Glycol + Vitamin D3, n = 10); Group 3 (1.25% Ethylene Glycol, n = 10); and Group 4 (5%Hydroxy L-proline, n = 10). Five animals from each group were euthanized after one week of follow-up (M1 Moment) and the remaining, after four weeks (M2 Moment). All animals underwent 24h urine dosages of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, citrate and serum creatinine. Histology and histomorphometric analyses were performed using Image J program in the hematoxylin-eosin stains. Calcium deposits in the renal parenchyma were quantified by PIXE technique (Proton Induced X-Ray Emission). RESULTS: 24h urinary parameters did not show any significant variations after 28 days of experiment except by hyperoxaluria that was significantly higher in Group 3. Histomorphometric analyses showed a significantly higher nephrocalcinosis in Group 2 (p<0.01). The calcium deposits in the renal parenchyma were 10 and 100 times higher in Group 2 in comparison to other groups in the M1 and M2 moments, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Group 2 (vitamin D3+Ethylene Glycol 0.5%) was the best model to induce nephrocalcinosis in rats after 28 days.

Insuficiencia renal aguda por depósito de cristales de oxalato e hiperoxaluria de origen entérico / No disponible

No disponible

Estudio metabólico en pacientes con urolitiasis de alto riesgo de recurrencia / Metabolic study in patients with urinary lithiasis at high risk of recurrence

Introducción: La urolitiasis es considerada actualmente una enfermedad metabólica con tendencia ala recurrencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la prevalencia de alteraciones metabólicas en pacientes de alto riesgo y su impacto según sexo y edad. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo de 36 pacientes (25 hombres y 11 mujeres), portadores de patología litiásica con alto riesgo de recurrencia. El estudio metabólico consistió en: calcemia, uricemia, fosfemia, PTH sérica, calciuria/24 hrs, uricosuria/24 hrs, fosfaturia/24 hrs, oxalaturia/24 hrs,citraturia/24 hrs y creatininuria/24 hrs. Los valores obtenidos fueron ajustados de acuerdo a la creatininuria y peso. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó t-student (STATA 7.0). Se consideró significativo p<0,05.Resultados: En el 69 por ciento (25/36) se observó alguna alteración metabólica; el 36 por ciento (13/36) presentó 2 omás alteraciones metabólicas. Las alteraciones más frecuentes fueron la hipercalciuria (30,6 por ciento; 11/36), la hipocitraturia (30,6 por ciento; 11/36), la hiperuricemia (19,4 por ciento; 7/36) y la hiperoxalaturia (13, por ciento; 5/36).No se observó diferencias significativas de edad o sexo entre los grupos con y sin alteración metabólica. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes con patología litiásica recurrente o de alto riesgo presentan una o más alteraciones metabólicas, predominando la hipercalciuria y la hipocitraturia. En este estudio no hubo diferencias entre ambos sexos en la mayoría de las alteraciones metabólicas, ni tampoco en su distribución etaria. Estos resultados demuestran la necesidad de realizar estudios metabólicos en pacientes de alto riesgo, dado que existen herramientas terapéuticas que permiten un manejo médico de las alteraciones metabólicas y de esta forma reducir la recurrencia de litiasis.

Introduction: Urolithiasis is a metabolic disorder with a tendency to relapse. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in patients at high risk and the impact of sex and age. Materials and methods: Descriptive study of 36 patients (25 men and 11 women),with lithiasic pathology at high risk of recurrence. The metabolic study included the measurement of calcemia, uricemia, fosfemia, parathormone, calciuria/24hrs, uricosuria/24hrs, fosfaturia/24hrs, oxalaturia/24hrs, citraturia/ 24hrs and creatinine/24hrs. The values obtained were corrected according to weight and creatinine. The test used for statistical analysis was t-student (STATA 7.0). It was considered significant p <0.05.Results: In 69 percent (25/36) of the cases a metabolic abnormality was observed and in 36 percent (13/36) there was 2 or more alterations present. The metabolic disorders most frequently observed were hypercalciuria (30.6 percent; 11/36), hypocitraturia (30.6 percent; 11/36), hyperuricemia (19.4 percent; 7/36) and hyperoxaluria (13.9 percent; 5/36). There was no significant difference in age or sex between the groups with and without metabolic abnormality. Conclusions: Most patients with recurrent lithiasic pathology or at high-risk display one or more metabolic disorders, being hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia the most frecuently encountered. In this study, there was no difference between sexes in most of the metabolic disorders, nor in its age distribution. These results demonstrate the need for metabolic studies in high-risk patients, since there are tools that allow therapeutic medical management of metabolic disorders and thus reduce the recurrence of lithiasis.

Insuficiencia renal crónica secundaria a hiperoxaluria tras resección intestinal por trombosis mesentérica / Chronic renal failure secondary to hyperoxaluria following small bowel syndrome

Una enferma de 70 años de edad fue remitida al Servicio de Nefrología por insuficienciarenal (concentración de creatinina en plasma: 3,1 mg/dl). Seis añosantes había sido intervenida quirúrgicamente por abdomen agudo secundario atrombosis venosa mesentérica, y se le realizó una resección intestinal amplia conanastomosis entre yeyuno e íleon distal. A partir de la cirugía la enferma presentóun síndrome de intestino corto con estatorrea. La concentración plasmática decreatinina se mantuvo en el rango normal hasta el quinto año postoperatorio enque se detectó una cifra de 1,4 mg/dl. Al año siguiente la concentración de creatininaera de 3,1 mg/dl y la enferma fue enviada al Servicio de Nefrología. En elestudio inicial se comprobó la existencia de calcificaciones sobre ambas siluetasrenales sin objetivarse dilatación de la vía urinaria. La función renal se deterioróprogresivamente y un año más tarde (7 años después de la cirugía) comenzó tratamientocon hemodiálisis periódica. En ese momento se constató un aumento delas calcificaciones renales con nefrocalcinosis bilateral. Coincidiendo con el iniciodel tratamiento con hemodiálisis, la enferma tuvo un cólico renal expulsando uncálculo de oxalato cálcico

A 70 years old woman was admitted in the Department of Nephrology becauseof renal insufficiency. Six years previously, as consequence of a venous mesentericthrombosis, she underwent an extense intestinal resection with subsequent short intestinesyndrome. Five years after the surgery an increase in the creatinine concentrationwas observed (1.4 mg/dl). One year later, it increased up to 3.1 mg/dl andthe patient was remitted to our Department. The radiological study revealed calcifications on both kidney silhouettes. In the next year, renal function worsened andthe calcifications increased. Coinciding with the beginning of the chronic hemodialysistreatment she suffered a renal colic with passage of a calcium oxalate stone

Diagnóstico y manejo clínico de la litiasis urinaria en la edad pediátrica / Diagnostic and management of pediatric urolithiasis

La presencia de un cálculo en la vía urinaria es un hallazgo poco frecuente entre la población infantil. Esto conlleva que el manejo clínico genere aún controversias entre los pediatras. El presente trabajo revisa diferentes aspectos relacionados con la litiasis urinaria en la edad pediátrica, centrándose fundamentalmente en la metodología diagnóstica a seguir y en el tratamiento médico adaptado al análisis de los cálculos (AU)

Manifestaçöes reumáticas da oxalose: relato de dois casos e revisäo da literatura / Rheumatic manifestations of oxalosis: report of two cases and review of the literature

Os autores apresentam dois pacientes do sexo feminino, irmäs, com diagnóstico de oxalose primária, que evoluíram com manifestaçöes articulares. A primeira paciente mostrou alteraçöes inespecíficas, como artralgias de mäos, ombros, coxofemorais e pés. A segunda evidenciou evidenciou quadro articular de padräo reumatóide, com flogose e limitaçäo da ADM de IFP's, punhos e cotovelos, além de atrofia de interósseos da mäo e rigidez matinal. As duas pacientes apresentaram, ao RX, calcificaçöes periarticulares, desmineralizaçäo e reabsorçäo óssea. Com relaçäo a parte nefrológica, ambas evoluíram para insuficência renal crônica e óbito. Além da raridade da enfermidade básica, o interesse da publicaçäo baseia-se na ocorrência, relativametne incomum, de deposiçäo periarticular de cristais de oxalaro de cálcio e na ausência de relatos anteriores de manifestaçöes do tipo reumatóide associadas com esta deposiçäo, na literatura brasileira