Atypical osteochondroma of the hamate that presented clinically as carpal tunnel syndrome: report of an extremely rare case and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Osteochondroma is a benign tumor that occurs mainly at the metaphysis of long bones and seldom arises from carpal bones. We describe an extremely rare case of osteochondroma of the hamate without a typical cartilaginous cap and with a spiky bony protrusion in an elderly patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A 78-year-old right-handed female housekeeper had a multilobed osteochondroma of the hamate, which caused carpal tunnel syndrome and irritation of the flexor tendons. Radiological examinations showed a morphological abnormality of the hamate comprising a spiky bony protrusion into the carpal tunnel and a free body proximal to the pisiform. Open carpal tunnel release and resection of the spiky bony protrusion on the hook of the hamate were performed. The flexor digitorum profundus tendons of the ring and little fingers displayed synovitis and partial laceration in the carpal tunnel. Histological examination also showed atypical findings: only a few regions of cartilaginous tissue were seen in the spiky bony protrusion, whereas the free body proximal to the pisiform contained thick cartilaginous tissue such as a cartilaginous cap typical of osteochondroma. We speculated that the bony protrusion to the carpal tunnel had been eroded by mechanical irritation caused by gliding of the flexor tendon and had resulted in the protruding spiky shape with less cartilaginous tissue. The fractured cartilaginous cap had moved into the cavity within the carpal tunnel proximal to the pisiform and had become a large free body. CONCLUSIONS: Osteochondroma of the carpal bone may take various shapes because the carpal bone is surrounded by neighboring bones and tight ligaments, which can restrict tumor growth. This type of tumor is likely to present with various symptoms because of the close proximity of important structures including nerves, tendons, and joints. The diagnosis of osteochondroma of the carpal bone may be difficult because of its rarity and atypical radiological and histological findings, such as the lack of a round cartilaginous cap. We suggest that surgeons should have a detailed understanding of this condition and should make a definitive diagnosis based on the overall findings.

Conventional chondrosarcoma in the right hand with the invasion of the pisiform and the hamate bones - case report.

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant hyaline cartilage forming tumor. It is a rare pathology, with an estimated incidence of one in 200 000 individuals per year. It appears in two forms: primary, representing 90% of all cases and secondary emergence that develops on preexistent lesions. Primary chondrosarcomas are uncommon in the hand, with a frequency of only 1.5-3.2% of all chondrosarcomas. In conventional chondrosarcoma (cCS), the histological malignancy grading represents the main prognostic factor for surgical planning and prognosis. We present the case of a 60-year-old male, examined in the First Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, "Dr. Pius Branzeu" Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania, with non-specific symptoms in the right hand. After clinical examination and imagistics, surgery and histopathological examination of the tumor were performed. This showed a conventional well differentiated - G1 chondrosarcoma, as suggested also by imagistic and clinical context.

Caso clínico: tratamiento quirúrgico de la neuropatía cubital por pseudoartrosis del gancho del hueso ganchoso / Caso clínico: tratamento cirúrgico da neuropatia ulnar no canal de guyon, devido à não-união do gancho do hamato / Clinical case: surgical treatment for ulnar neuropathy due to pseudoarthrosis of the hook of the hamate

Objetivo. Presentar el caso de un varón, jugador de tenis, con dolor en la muñeca asociado a neuropatía cubital en el canal de Guyon, sin historia de traumatismo conocido. Método. La valoración incluyó datos clínicos, de imagen y de función nerviosa. El estudio neurofisiológico confirmó la neuropatía cubital, pero ni la radiología convencional ni la ecografía proporcionaron un diagnóstico etiológico, para lo que precisamos tomografía axial computarizada. El paciente fue intervenido mediante abordaje volar, apertura del canal de Guyon y osteosíntesis con dos tornillos de 1.5mm de diámetro. Resultados. La recuperación clínica y la consolidación de la pseudoartrosis se alcanzaron a los cuatro meses del procedimiento. Conclusiones. El dolor en el margen cubital de la mano, con tenosinovitis flexora de los tendones del cuarto y quinto dedos y/o manifestaciones de neuropatía cubital distal, cuando se produce en pacientes que practican deporte de empuñadura, obliga a realizar tomografía axial computerizada, y, si hay pseudoartrosis del gancho del hueso ganchoso, intentar su osteosíntesis (AU)

Objetivo. Apresentamos o caso de um jogador de ténis masculino, com dor no punho associada a neuropatia ulnar no canal do Guyon, sem histórico de trauma conhecido. Método. A avaliação incluiu dados clínicos, de imagem e função nervosa. O estudo neurofisiológico confirmou neuropatia ulnar mas nem a radiologia convencional ou ultrassonografia, proporcionaram um diagnóstico etiológico, obtido apenas com o uso de tomografia computadorizada. O paciente foi operado por abordagem volar, abertura do canal Guyon e osteossíntese com dois rafusos de 1.5mm diâmetro. Resultados. Recuperação clínica e consolidação da pseudoartrose foi alcançada em quatros após o procedimento. Conclusões. A dor na margem ulnar da mão associada com tenossinovite dos flexores dos tendões dos quarto e quinto dedos e/ou manifestações de neuropatia ulnar distal, quando ocorre em pacientes que praticam esportes de empulhadura, é uma indicação para realizar tomografia computadorizada e se houver pseudoartrose, tentar a sua osteossíntese (AU)

Objective. To present the case of a male tennis player, with wrist pain and ulnar neuropathy in the Guyon's canal, without known trauma history. Method. The assessment included clinical data, imaging and nerve function study. The neurophysiological study confirmed ulnar neuropathy, but neither conventional radiology nor ultrasound provided an etiologic diagnosis, achieved only with the use of computed tomography scan. The patient was operated via volar approach, Guyon's canal opening and osteosynthesis with two 1.5mm diameter screws. Results. The clinical recovery and the consolidation of the pseudoarthrosis occurred at four months after the procedure. Conclusions. Pain in the ulnar border of the hand in association with flexor tenosynovitis of the fourth and fifth fingers and/or signs of distal ulnar neuropathy, in patients practicing sports that involves hand grip, forces to perform computed tomography scan, and if it shows a pseudoarthrosis of the hook of the hamate, osteosynthesis should be tried (AU)

Closed Rupture of the Flexor Tendon Secondary to Sclerosis of the Hook of the Hamate: A Report of Two Cases.

Closed flexor tendon ruptures in the little finger can be caused by fracture or nonunion of the hook of the hamate, but no case of the disorder secondary to the sclerosis and thinning of the hamate hook has been reported. We report two rare cases with this complication due to rough surface of the hamate hook. Carpal tunnel view radiographs and computed tomography showed the sclerosis and thinning of the hook.

Localización de la apófisis unciforme respecto a la fosa lagrimal / Location of the uncinate process with respect to the lacrimal fossa

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Stress fracture of the hook of the hamate: a case report.

Hook of the hamate fractures are uncommon. This fracture is usually seen in sports involving a club or a racquet (i.e., baseball or golf) and is caused by blunt trauma. Stress fractures of the hamate are exceedingly rare. Because of its subcutaneous position and associated soft tissue structures, hook of the hamate fractures can be difficult to diagnosis. When treated early, conservative (non-operative) options can be used to successfully treat the fracture. When the diagnosis is delayed, nonunion of the fracture is common and is usually treated with surgery. This case represents a hook of the hamate stress fracture that healed with casting in spite of being seen two months from the onset of symptoms. Hamate fractures are reviewed, including the anatomy and treatment options for hook of the hamate fractures.

[Osteoblastoma in the os hamatum: a rare case report]. / Hamatum kemiginde osteoblastom: Nadir bir olgu sunumu.

Osteoblastoma in the os hamatum is rarely seen. Although curettage and grafting seems to be disadvantageous, it offers advantages in the functional protection in the treatment of carpal bone-located osteoblastoma. In a 39-year-old housewife who was admitted with painful left wrist through all day for the past one year, physical examination revealed painful hypothenar region with the wrist adduction to the ulna. Radiography showed radial inclination of the wrist, ring appearance in the scaphoid bone, and slight radiolucency in the hamatum and adjacent bones. Computed tomography demonstrated an expanded lesion which separated the surrounding tissue with a thin edge layer and perforated the cortex mildly. Intralesional curettage was performed. The pathological examination of the specimen obtained was consistent with osteoid osteoma or osteoblastoma. Curettage and grafting were performed in case of recurrence. In this article, we present a rare case of carpal bone and hamatum-located osteoblastoma. The patient was free of pain with normal wrist functions at 16 months postoperatively.

Hamate hook non-union treated with a break-away screw: a case report.

Hamate hook non-union is a relatively rare, but on the increase. We encountered a 25-year-old male baseball instructor with hamate hook non-union, and treated it with debridement of the fractured region and osteosynthesis using a break-away screw. Splint fixation was applied for three weeks after surgery, and active/passive range of motion exercises were actively performed thereafter. Bone union was noted three months after surgery. Transient ulnar paralysis resolved, and the patient could return to the same sports activity as that before injury six months after surgery. Since break-away screws are capable of loading a strong pressure on the fractured region and these screws can be inserted by preparing only a surgical field for guide wire insertion, requiring no soft tissue dissection to prepare a region for applying fixation materials, break-away screws are useful for the fixation of small bone fragments and osteosynthesis in a deep surgical field.

Lunatocapitate and triquetrohamate arthrodeses for degenerative arthritis of the wrist.

PURPOSE: Proximal row carpectomy and 4-corner arthrodesis are 2 well-established motion-preserving treatment strategies for scapholunate advanced collapse. In this study, we present an arthrodesis technique involving the capitolunate and triquetrohamate joints as another potential treatment option. METHODS: From 2000 to 2009, 27 consecutive patients with degenerative scapholunate advanced collapse and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse were evaluated prospectively and treated with scaphoid excision and intercarpal arthrodesis between the capitate and lunate and between the hamate and triquetrum. This cohort consisted of 18 men and 9 women, involving dominant-sided surgery in 20 of 27 patients. Two patients were active smokers, and 3 cases were work related. Average age at time of surgery was 55 ± 3 years, and average follow-up was 51 ± 7 months. Preoperative and postoperative range of motion, grip strength, and radiographic evidence of osseous union were documented. Standardized Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation scores for both pain and function were collected. RESULTS: Wrist extension and flexion were decreased after surgery by 17% and 25% respectively, yielding a 21% decrease in mean flexion-extension arc. There was no significant difference with regard to postoperative radial and ulnar deviation or mean coronal plane arc compared to preoperative values. Compared to the contralateral side, preoperative and postoperative grip strength were 53% and 70%, respectively. The average operative-sided grip strength increased by 27%. The mean Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation pain score was 11 ± 3 (of 50). The mean Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation functional score was 17 ± 5 (of 100). Complications included 1 nonunion (yielding a 96% fusion rate), 1 median neuropathy (which resolved), and 2 superficial wound infections (treated successfully with oral antibiotics). CONCLUSIONS: Arthrodesis of the capitolunate and triquetrohamate joints offers a motion-preserving strategy with a high union rate and good clinical function and pain outcomes for the treatment for scapholunate advanced collapse and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

Solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst of the hamate.

Solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst is a variant of aneurysmal bone cyst in which the predominant histology is that of the solid material of a cystic aneurysmal bone cyst. In this article, we present a patient with solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst of the hamate and discuss the differential diagnosis and current treatment for this lesion.

Hamatum osteoblastoma.

We report the case of an osteoblastoma of the hamate bone that was successfully treated by curettage. This tumor is very rare in a carpal bone and only nine cases have been reported in the literature. Pathological examination is mandatory before treatment due to the lack of distinctive clinical and radiological features. Osteoblastomas are benign, but potentially aggressive bone tumors. Treatment of the lesion may either be a conservative "intralesional resection" or radical "wide en bloc resection". The latter option, which has non-negligible functional consequences in the wrist, should be reserved for recurrence after curettage but may also be considered a primary immediate alternative for aggressive forms.

Osteoid osteoma of the hamate: an unusual cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain.

Ulnar-sided wrist pain is a common complaint that presents a diagnostic challenge. Determining the cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain is difficult, largely due to the complexity of the anatomic and biomechanical properties of the ulnar side of the wrist. Osteoid osteoma is a benign skeletal neoplasm of unknown etiology that is composed of osteoid and woven bone. Its incidence is 11% of benign tumors and 3% of all primary bone tumors, with 6% to 13% of all cases occurring in the hand. Osteoid osteoma of the hamate can produce ulnar-sided wrist pain in the dorsal or volar aspect of the wrist, depending on the location of the tumor in the bone. In its classical and most frequent form, the osteoma may settle in the cortex or the spongiosa. A third rare form appears subperiosteally. Occasionally it destroys the articular cartilage by erosion or penetration. Most of the tumors will produce dorsal pain. A tumor located in the hook will produce volar pain. This article describes a case of ulnar-sided wrist pain due to a rare case of osteoid osteoma of the hamate. We recommend marking the nidus with a needle intraoperatively with the aid of radiography.

A multilobed osteochondroma of the hamate: case report.

Osteochondromas arising from the carpal bones are unusual, and when they occur they usually arise from the scaphoid. We report a case of a single, multilobed osteochondroma arising from the hamate that was successfully excised, with no evidence of recurrence at 4-year follow-up.

Giant cell tumour of the hamate treated successfully by acrylic cementation: a case report.

We report a case of giant cell tumour (GCT) of the hamate treated by acrylic cementation. It has not recurred 3 years after surgery, and no functional impairment has been observed. We have reviewed previously reported cases of GCTs in the hamate and discuss the best management to prevent recurrence while maintaining function.

[Avascular necrosis of the hamate--case report]. / Durchblutungsstörung des Os hamatum--Fallbericht.

Avascular necrosis of the hamate is a very rare condition. After repetitive stress a young male developed left wrist pain which was found to be an avascular necrosis of the hamate. After progression of the necrosis with cyst formation on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and persisting pain, the patient underwent successful revascularisation with a vascular bone graft of the distal radius.

Aseptic necrosis of the hamate: a case report.

The case of a 25-year-old man with osteonecrosis of the hamate is reported. He had pain and swelling in his right wrist. The diagnosis was accomplished with plain radiographs as well as with MRI. The case was treated surgically that included resection of the necrotic bone. The occured cavity was filled with autogenous cancellous bone graft. In addition, capito-hamate arthrodesis was performed. Histopathological examination following the operation demonstrated avascular necrosis of the hamate. The arthrodesis was obtained four months after the operation.