RESUMEN
Here, we report the discovery of two viruses associated with a disease characterized by severe diarrhea on a large-scale goat farm in Jilin province. Electron Microscopy observations revealed two kinds of virus particles with the sizes of 150-210 nm and 20-30 nm, respectively. Detection of 276 fecal specimens from the diseased herds showed the extensive infection of peste des petits ruminants virus (63.77%, 176/276) and caprine enterovirus (76.81%, 212/276), with a co-infection rate of 57.97% (160/276). These results were partially validated with RT-PCR, where all five PPRV-positive and CEV-positive specimens yielded the expected size of fragments, respectively, while no fragments were amplified from PPRV-negative and CEV-negative specimens. Moreover, corresponding PPRV and CEV fragments were amplified in PPRV and CEV double-positive specimens. Histopathological examinations revealed severe microscopic lesions such as degeneration, necrosis, and detachment of epithelial cells in the bronchioles and intestine. An immunohistochemistry assay detected PPRV antigens in bronchioles, cartilage tissue, intestine, and lymph nodes. Simultaneously, caprine enterovirus antigens were detected in lung, kidney, and intestinal tissues from the goats infected by the peste des petits ruminants virus. These results demonstrated the co-infection of peste des petits ruminants virus with caprine enterovirus in goats, revealing the tissue tropism for these two viruses, thus laying a basis for the future diagnosis, prevention, and epidemiological survey for these two virus infections.
Asunto(s)
Coinfección , Diarrea , Infecciones por Enterovirus , Enfermedades de las Cabras , Cabras , Peste de los Pequeños Rumiantes , Virus de la Peste de los Pequeños Rumiantes , Animales , Peste de los Pequeños Rumiantes/virología , Peste de los Pequeños Rumiantes/epidemiología , Peste de los Pequeños Rumiantes/patología , Virus de la Peste de los Pequeños Rumiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Peste de los Pequeños Rumiantes/genética , Enfermedades de las Cabras/virología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Coinfección/veterinaria , Coinfección/virología , Coinfección/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Enterovirus/virología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/epidemiología , Diarrea/virología , Diarrea/veterinaria , Diarrea/epidemiología , Enterovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Enterovirus/genética , Enterovirus/clasificación , Heces/virología , FilogeniaRESUMEN
To characterize enteroviruses (EVs) circulating in farm animals in Central African Republic (CAR), we screened 192 stools of animals under 12 months belonging to family farms located in or near Bangui. To assess whether EV exchanges exist between these animals and humans, we also screened 195 stools of children who lived in contact with farm animals, as well as control stools of 358 children with no contact with farm animals. EVs were typed based on their capsid sequences.In children, all EVs belonged to species A, B and C, with EV-Cs accounting for 60%. Some EV-Cs shared recent common ancestors with lineages of vaccine-derived poliovirus that emerged in the country in 2019-2020. In animals, we identified EV-Gs that belonged to 10 different types, including a previously unknown one that we named EV-G28, while no EV-E or EV-F were observed. The CAR EV-Gs were genetically closely related to specimens sampled in other continents and some of them harboured the torovirus-derived insertion already reported in some EV-Gs. The worldwide circulation of EV-Gs is likely due the massive international trade of live animals. Besides, two human EV-Cs (coxsackievirus A17 and coxsackievirus A24) were detected in pigs, suggesting that these viruses could cross the species barrier. Our work provides original data on the epidemiology and ecology of EVs circulating among herd animals in Africa.
Asunto(s)
Animales Domésticos , Infecciones por Enterovirus , Enterovirus , Heces , Filogenia , Animales , República Centroafricana/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/virología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/veterinaria , Humanos , Animales Domésticos/virología , Enterovirus/clasificación , Enterovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Enterovirus/genética , Heces/virología , Porcinos , Granjas , Lactante , Niño , Masculino , Preescolar , FemeninoRESUMEN
Bovine enterovirus (BEV) consisting of enterovirus species E (EV-E) and F (EV-F) is the causative agent associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in cattle. Here, we reported the characterization, genetic diversity, and recombination of novel BEV strains isolated from the major cattle-raising regions in China during 2012-2018. Twenty-seven BEV strains were successfully isolated and characterized. Molecular characterization demonstrated that the majority of these novel BEV strains (24/27) were EV-E, while only few strains (3/27) were EV-F. Sequence analysis revealed the diversity of the circulating BEV strains such as species and subtypes where different species or subtype coinfections were detected in the same regions and even in the same cattle herds. For the EV-E, two novel subtypes, designated as EV-E6 and EV-E7, were revealed in addition to the currently reported EV-E1-EV-E5. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the intraspecies and interspecies genetic exchanges among BEV isolates. The representative strain HeN-B62 was probably from AN12 (EV-F7) and PS-87-Belfast (EV-F3) strains. The interspecies recombination between EV-E and EV-F was also discovered, where the EV-F7-AN12 might be from EV-E5 and EV-F1, and EV-E5-MexKSU/5 may be recombined from EV-F7 and EV-E1. The aforementioned results revealed the genetic diversity and recombination of novel BEV strains and unveiled the different BEV species or subtype infections in the same cattle herd, which will broaden the understanding of enterovirus genetic diversity, recombination, pathogenesis, and prevention of disease outbreaks. IMPORTANCE: Bovine enterovirus (BEV) infection is an emerging disease in China that is characterized by digestive, respiratory, and reproductive disorders. In this study, we first reported two novel EV-E subtypes detected in cattle herds in China, unveiled the coinfection of two enterovirus species (EV-E/EV-F) and different subtypes (EV-E2/EV-E7, EV-E1/EV-E7, and EV-E3/EV-E6) in the same cattle herds, and revealed the enterovirus genetic exchange in intraspecies and interspecies recombination. These results provide an important update of enterovirus prevalence and epidemiological aspects and contribute to a better understanding of enterovirus genetic diversity, evolution, and pathogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Enterovirus , Enterovirus Bovino , Enterovirus , Animales , Bovinos , Enterovirus Bovino/genética , Infecciones por Enterovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Enterovirus/genética , China/epidemiología , Recombinación Genética , Variación Genética , Filogenia , Genoma ViralRESUMEN
Enterovirus G (EV-G) has recently been shown to affect weight gain and cause neurological symptoms in piglets. However, the serological investigation of EV-G is limited. In this study, we developed a novel serological detection method based on the structural protein, VP1 of EV-G. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient variations were 3.2-8.9% and 2.6-8.0%, respectively. There was no cross-reaction of the VP1-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with antisera against the other known porcine viruses. In addition, a comparison was made with other methods including the developed indirect ELISAs based on VP2 and VP3 proteins and western blot (WB) analysis, which demonstrated the reliability of the novel method. Using the VP1-based ELISA, we carried out the first seroepidemiological survey of EV-G in China by testing 1041 serum samples collected from different pig farms in Guangxi from 2019 to 2021. Our results showed that 68.78% of the serum samples and 100% of the pig farms were positive for EV-G, with a relatively high incidence of seropositivity in pigs of different ages. This was specifically evident in fattening pigs and sows, which may suggest that the piglets have experienced an infection with EV-G during their growth process. Our data provide the first serological evidence of EV-G infections in pigs from China and reveal the widespread presence of EV-G infections in Guangxi, China.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Enterovirus , Enterovirus , Animales , Porcinos , Femenino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , China/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Enterovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/veterinaria , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodosRESUMEN
The current study reports the in-depth analysis of the epidemiology, risk factors, and molecular characterization of a complete genome of Enterovirus G (EV-G) isolated from Indian pigs. We analysed several genes of EV-G isolates collected from various provinces in India, using phylogenetic analysis, recombination detection, SimPlot, and selection pressure analyses. Our analysis of 534 porcine faecal samples revealed that 11.61% (62/534) of the samples were positive for EV-G. While the G6 genotype was the most predominant, our findings showed that Indian EV-G strains also clustered with EV-G types G1, G6, G8, and G9. Furthermore, Indian EV-G strains exhibited the highest nucleotide similarity with Vietnamese (81.3%) and Chinese EV-G isolates (80.3%). Moreover, we identified a recombinant Indian EV-G strain with a putative origin from a Japanese isolate and South Korean EV-G isolate. In summary, our findings provide significant insights into the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and evolution of EV-G in India.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Enterovirus , Enterovirus , Enterovirus Porcinos , Porcinos , Animales , Enterovirus Porcinos/genética , Infecciones por Enterovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Enterovirus/genética , Filogenia , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , Genotipo , Factores de Riesgo , Genoma Viral , Enterovirus/genéticaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Although the use of vaccines has controlled enteric diseases in dogs in many developed countries, vaccine coverage is still under optimal situation in Brazil. There is a large population of nonimmunized dogs and few studies about the identification of the viruses associated with diarrhea. To address this situation, stool samples from 325 dogs were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for the detection of common enteric viruses such as Canine adenovirus (CAdV), Canine coronavirus (CCoV), Canine distemper virus (CDV), Canine rotavirus (CRV) and Carnivorous protoparvovirus 1 (canine parvovirus 2; CPV-2). At least one of these species was detected in 56.6% (184/325) of the samples. The viruses detected most frequently in either diarrheic or nondiarrheic dog feces were CPV-2 (54.3% of the positive samples), CDV (45.1%) and CCoV (30.4%), followed by CRV (8.2%) and CAdV (4.9%). Only one agent was detected in the majority of the positive samples (63%), but co-infections were present in 37% of the positive samples and mainly included CDV and CPV-2. The data presented herein can improve the clinical knowledge in regions with low vaccine coverage and highlight the need to improve the methods used to control these infectious diseases in domestic dogs.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Enterovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/virología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/veterinaria , Filogenia , Brasil , Vacunas Virales/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Virales/genética , Vacunas Virales/inmunología , Enterovirus/clasificación , Enterovirus/genética , Enfermedades de los Perros/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Perros/prevención & control , Infecciones por Enterovirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Enterovirus/virología , Heces/virologíaRESUMEN
The spread of enteric viruses of domestic animals and human beings to wild species can be facilitated by the resistance of these viruses on the environment and their ability to be transmitted by water and contaminated food. The health status of the populations of pampas foxes (
A disseminação de vírus entéricos de animais domésticos e seres humanos para espécies selvagens pode ser facilitada pela resistência desses vírus no ambiente e sua capacidade de ser transmitida por água e alimentos contaminados. O estado de saúde das populações de Graxains-do-campo (
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Humanos , Infecciones por Adenoviridae/veterinaria , Adenoviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Zorros , Infecciones por Adenoviridae/virología , Adenoviridae/genética , Brasil , Infecciones por Enterovirus/genética , Infecciones por Enterovirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Enterovirus/virología , Enterovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/virología , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/veterinaria , Infecciones por Rotavirus/genética , Infecciones por Rotavirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Foi observada mortalidade em nove leitöes de uma leitegada de dez em uma granja no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A enfermidade se estendeu por um período de 15 dias, afetando animais em torno de 30 dias de idade, com morte súbita, sem prévios sinais clíncios evidentes. Leitöes de outras leitegadas permaneceram sadios. Material coletado de leitöes mortos pela doença permitiram o isolamento de um vírus, posteriormente caracterizado como Vírus da Encefalomiocardite (VEMC) por testes de índice de neutralizaçäo. Exames histopatológicos revelaram lesöes compatíveis com a enfermidade provocada pelo VEMC