RESUMEN
Oral cancer stands as a prevalent maligancy worldwide; however, its therapeutic potential is limited by undesired effects and complications. As a medicinal edible fungus, Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) exhibits anticancer effects across diverse cancers. Yet, the precise mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain unclear. We explored the detailed mechanisms underlying the anticancer action of Chaga mushroom extract in oral cancer cells (HSC-4). Following treatment with Chaga mushroom extracts, we analyzed cell viability, proliferation capacity, glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and apoptosis. Our findings revealed that the extract reduced cell viability and proliferation of HSC-4 cells while arresting their cell cycle via suppression of STAT3 activity. Regarding energy metabolism, Chaga mushroom extract inhibited glycolysis and mitochondrial membrane potential in HSC-4 cells, thereby triggering autophagy-mediated apoptotic cell death through activation of the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our results indicate that Chaga mushroom extract impedes oral cancer cell progression, by inhibiting cell cycle and proliferation, suppressing cancer cell energy metabolism, and promoting autophagy-mediated apoptotic cell death. These findings suggest that this extract is a promising supplementary medicine for the treatment of patients with oral cancer.
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Apoptosis , Autofagia , Proliferación Celular , Metabolismo Energético , Neoplasias de la Boca , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Inonotus/química , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Glucólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Agaricales/química , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Lignocellulose constitutes the primary component of dietary fiber. We assessed how fermenting bamboo shoot residue with the medicinal white-rot fungus Inonotus obliquus affected the yield, composition, and functional attributes of dietary fiber by altering bamboo shoot residue lignocellulose's spatial structure and composition. I. obliquus secretes lignocellulolytic enzymes, which effectively enhance the degradation of holocellulose and lignin by 87.8% and 25.5%, respectively. Fermentation led to a more porous structure and reduced crystallinity. The yield of soluble dietary fiber increased from 5.1 g/100 g raw BSR to 7.1 g/100 g 9-day-fermented bamboo shoot residue. The total soluble sugar content of dietary fiber significantly increased from 9.2% to 13.8%, which improved the hydration, oil holding capacity, in vitro cholesterol, sodium cholate, and nitrite adsorption properties of dietary fiber from bamboo shoot residue. These findings confirm that I. obliquus biotransformation is promising for enhancing dietary fiber yield and quality.
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Fibras de la Dieta , Fermentación , Inonotus , Lignina , Lignina/metabolismo , Lignina/química , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Inonotus/metabolismo , Inonotus/química , Brotes de la Planta/química , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Sasa/química , Sasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
In this study, one water soluble polysaccharide (IOP1-1) with a weight average molecular weight of 6886 Da was obtained from the black crystal region of Inonotus obliquus by hot water extraction, DEAE-52 cellulose extraction and Sephadex-100 column chromatography purification. Structural analysis indicated that IOP1-1 was a glucan with a main chain composed of α-Glcp-(1 â 4)-α-Glcp-(1 â 4)-ß-Glcp-(1 â 4)-ß-Glcp-(1 â 4)-α-Glcp-(1 â 6)-ß-Glcp-(1 â 4)-α-Glcp-(1 â 3)-ß-Glcp-(1â. The CCK-8 assay results showed that IOP1-1 inhibited AsPC-1 and SW1990 pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that IOP1-1 induced cell cycle arrest in AsPC-1 and SW1990 cells. Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining analysis showed that IOP1-1 could induce apoptosis in AsPC-1 and SW1990 cells. Furthermore, western blot analysis confirmed that IOP1-1 could induce apoptosis in AsPC-1 and SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells through three pathways: the mitochondrial pathway, the death receptor pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. According to these research data, IOP1-1 may be utilized as an adjuvant treatment to anticancer medications, opening up new application prospects and opportunities.
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Apoptosis , Proliferación Celular , Inonotus , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Inonotus/química , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/farmacología , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/química , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Peso Molecular , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/químicaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The mouse-specific orthopoxvirus, ectromelia virus, is one of the best models that can be used to study key issues of pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of smallpox, and to develop measures to increase virulence, transmissibility, or the ability to overcome vaccine immunity. The aim of the work is to screen the antiviral activity of samples from Inonotus obliquus chaga and humic acid from brown coal in vitro against ectromelia virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used ectromelia virus, strain K-1 (reg. No V-142), obtained from the State Collection of Pathogens of Viral Infections and Rickettsioses of the State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector"; Vero Ð6 cell culture (No 70) from the Collection of cell cultures of the State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector". Nine samples from chaga I. obliquus and humic acid from brown coal were used to evaluate the changes in the infectivity of the ectromelia virus on cell culture using 2 schemes of application of drugs and virus (preventive and therapeutic schemes), and to assess their cytotoxicity and antiviral activity. RESULTS: 50% cytotoxic concentration, 50% virus-inhibiting concentrations and selectivity index were determined for all samples. The studied samples were shown to be non-toxic to the monolayer of Vero cell culture in a dilution of 300 and more micrograms/ml, while demonstrated high antiviral activity against strain K-1 of ectromelia virus in two application schemes - preventive and curative. CONCLUSION: All samples tested for ectromelia virus in vitro can be considered promising for further development of drugs against diseases caused by orthopoxviruses.
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Antivirales , Virus de la Ectromelia , Ectromelia Infecciosa , Animales , Antivirales/farmacología , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Carbón Mineral , Virus de la Ectromelia/efectos de los fármacos , Ectromelia Infecciosa/prevención & control , Sustancias Húmicas , Células Vero , Chlorocebus aethiops , Inonotus/químicaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The mushroom Inonotus hispidus is traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used to treat tumor illness for many years in China. However, the potential anti-tumor mechanisms of I. hispidus remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to reveal the anti-tumor mechanism of I. hispidus petroleum ether extract (IPE) on H22 tumor-bearing mice from the point of view of metabonomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The model of H22 tumor-bearing mice was constructed according to the histopathological data and biochemical parameters, while the serum metabolomics was analyzed by non-targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to study the potential anti-tumor mechanisms of IPE. RESULTS: These results indicated that IPE has significant anti-tumor effect on H22 tumor-bearing mice and no obvious adverse reactions were observed. After the intervention of IPE, the biosynthesis of cortisol and corticosterone as the metabolics in the downstream of steroid biosynthesis pathway and the biosynthesis of succinate, fumarate and malate as the metabolics in the downstream of tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway were inhibited; but the metabolic pathways of the amino acids as tryptophan, lysine degradation, alanine, aspartate and glutamate and other amino acid were activated. CONCLUSION: IPE has significant anti-tumor effect in H22 tumor-bearing mice, and the anti-tumor activity of IPE is main through the regulation of energy, amino acids, and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways expression.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Inonotus/química , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Análisis por Conglomerados , Corticosterona/sangre , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Análisis de los Mínimos Cuadrados , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Neoplasias Experimentales , Extractos Vegetales/química , Análisis de Componente PrincipalRESUMEN
Chemical fractionation of the EtOH extract of a medicinal macro fungus, Inonotus obliquus, afforded an array of lanostane-type triterpenoids (1-11) including two new ones (1 and 8). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, single crystal X-ray crystallography of 3-6 and biosynthetic considerations. With the confirmatory structural information provided by X-ray diffraction analysis in hand, several previously reported 21,24-cyclolanostanes, such as inonotsutriols A-C and (20R,21S,24S)-21,24-cyclopenta-3ß,21,25-trihydroxylanosta-8-ene, were structurally corrected. In addition, the NMR data of other types of 21,24-cyclo triterpenoids were also re-examined and structural revisions were thus suggested. Compounds 2, 6 and 8 showed significant cytostatic effects against a panel of tumor cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 7.80 to 18.5 µM. Further assays established that compound 2 exerted promising in vitro anti-breast cancer potential by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of 4T1 cells.
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Inonotus/química , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Bioensayo , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Cuerpos Fructíferos de los Hongos/química , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Estructura Molecular , Rotación Óptica , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/metabolismo , Triterpenos/toxicidad , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent human malaria parasite, causes serious diseases among the infected patients in the world and is particularly important in African regions. Although artemisinin combination therapy is recommended by the WHO for treatment of P. falciparum-malaria, the emergence of artemisinin-resistant parasites has become a serious issue which underscores the importance of sustained efforts to obtain novel chemotherapeutic agents against malaria. As a part of such efforts, thirty-nine herbal extracts from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were assayed for their anti-malarial activity using 3D7 strain of P. falciparum. Three herbal supplements appeared to possess higher specific anti-malarial activity than the others. One of them (D3) was separated by two sequential fractionations with reverse-phase (the first step) and normal-phase (the second step) liquid chromatography, in which some fractions resulted in higher specific activities than those of D3 or the previous fractions. Cell toxicity assay was performed with the fractions of the first fractionation and demonstrated no obvious cell toxicity. These results suggest that structure determination of the major compound for the anti-malarial activity in D3 may help the development of more potent chemicals in the future.
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Antimaláricos/uso terapéutico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Inonotus/química , Malaria Falciparum/tratamiento farmacológico , Panax notoginseng/química , Plasmodium falciparum/efectos de los fármacos , Antimaláricos/farmacología , Antimaláricos/toxicidad , Artemisininas/farmacología , Artemisininas/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/toxicidad , Células HeLa , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , JapónRESUMEN
The most challenging threat facing the global community today is the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite global efforts to develop suitable treatments, very few specific antiviral agents have been suggested and the virus remains a serious global health risk. In vivo animal experiments have demonstrated that bioactive mycochemical constituents of Inonotus obliquus have immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties. The present study investigates the antiviral potential of I. obliquus terpenoids against COVID-19 using a molecular docking study. The in silico study elucidates the ability of most of the terpenoid components to interact with the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein with excellent affinity. Additionally, we found that both betulinic acid and inonotusane C could bind and stably interact with the spike protein near the host cell recognition site of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.
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Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Inonotus/química , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , SARS-CoV-2/efectos de los fármacos , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/efectos de los fármacos , Terpenos/farmacología , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Estructura Molecular , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/metabolismo , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/metabolismoRESUMEN
We proposed a method for the extraction of medicinal herbs, called ultrasound-assisted centrifugal extraction, and an online solvent concentration method. These techniques were coupled with two countercurrent chromatography systems and applied to the continuous extraction and online isolation of chemical constituents from Inonotus obliquus. Raw plants were extracted using a two-phase petroleum-ethanol-water (2.0:1.0:2.0, v/v/v) process, and then the aqueous and organic phases were concentrated using the proposed online solvent concentrator. The countercurrent chromatography preparation prior to separation includes pumping of the two-phase solution, rotating column, and equilibrium column. Following online concentration, the extracted solution was pumped into a second countercurrent chromatography process for separation. During separation, the extraction solution and concentrated extract were prepared automatically. Upon completion of the first cycle of ultrasound-assisted centrifugal extraction/two countercurrent chromatography, the second cycle experiment starts. This process can be indefinitely repeated. In this study, six target compounds with purities above 97.71% were successfully extracted and isolated online using a two-phase solvent system consisting of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-acetonitrile (4.5:1.5:5.5, v/v/v) and n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (0.4:3.0:1.5:2.5, v/v/v/v). Compared to conventional extraction methods, the instrumental setup of the proposed method provides enhanced automation, efficiency, purity, and systematic extraction and isolation of natural products.
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Inonotus/química , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Ondas Ultrasónicas , Distribución en Contracorriente , Fitoquímicos/químicaRESUMEN
Extracts of the fungus Inonotus obliquus exhibit cytotoxic properties against different cancers; hence, this fungal species has been extensively studied. This study aimed to extract total triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus using ionic liquids (ILs) and separate potential lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitors via ultrafiltration (UF)-high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). Total triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus were extracted by performing a single-factor experiment and employing a central composite design via ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and heat-assisted extraction (HAE). The extract was composed of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as the IL and methanol as the dispersant. Ultrafiltration-liquid chromatography (UF-LC) was used to rapidly scan the LDH inhibitors and betulin and lanosterol were identified as potential inhibitors. To obtain these target compounds, betulin and lanosterol with the purities of 95.9% and 97.8% were isolated from HSCCC within 120 min. Their structures were identified using several techniques, among which IL-HAE was fast and effective. This study reports the extraction of triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus by IL for the first time. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that UF-LC is an effective tool for screening potential LDH inhibitors from crude extracts of I. obliquus and may help to identify bioactive substances against myocardial infarction, whereas high-purity compounds can be separated via UF-HSCCC.
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Distribución en Contracorriente/métodos , Inonotus/química , Líquidos Iónicos/química , Triterpenos/química , Ultrafiltración/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Dendritic cells (DCs) have the ability to stimulate naïve T cells that coordinate subsequent adaptive response toward an inflammatory response or tolerance depending on the DC differentiation level. Inotodiol, a lanostane triterpenoid found in Inonotus obliquus (wild Chaga mushroom), is a natural compound with a wide range of biological activities. In this study, we investigated whether inotodiol promotes the maturation of bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) and inotodiol-treated BMDCs induce T cell activation. Inotodiol increased the expression of surface maturation markers, including MHC-I, MHC-II, CD86, and CD40, on BMDCs without affecting the production of various cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-12p40 in these cells. T cells primed with inotodiol-treated BMDCs proliferated and produced IL-2, without producing other cytokines, including IL-12p40 and IFN-γ. Injection of inotodiol into mice induced maturation of splenic DCs and IL-2 production, and the administration of inotodiol and inotodiol-treated BMDCs induced the proliferation of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells in vivo. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin abrogated the upregulation of Akt phosphorylation and CD86 and MHC-II expression induced by inotodiol. However, inotodiol failed to induce phosphorylation of the IκB kinase and degradation of IκB-α, and increased expression of CD86 induced by inotodiol was not blocked by an IκB kinase inhibitor. These results suggest that inotodiol induces a characteristic type of maturation in DCs through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activation independent of NF-κB, and inotodiol-treated DCs enhance T cell proliferation and IL-2 secretion.
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Agaricales/química , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Dendríticas/efectos de los fármacos , Inonotus/química , Lanosterol/análogos & derivados , Animales , Células de la Médula Ósea/inmunología , Células de la Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/citología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Diferenciación Celular/inmunología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/inmunología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Lanosterol/química , Lanosterol/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estructura Molecular , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/inmunología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7RESUMEN
This review provides results obtained by scientists from different countries on the antiviral activity of medicinal mushrooms against influenza viruses that can cause pandemics. Currently, the search for antiviral compounds is relevant in connection with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Medicinal mushrooms contain biologically active compounds (polysaccharides, proteins, terpenes, melanins, etc.) that exhibit an antiviral effect. The authors present the work carried out at the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector in Russia, whose mission is to protect the population from biological threats. The research center possesses a collection of numerous pathogenic viruses, which allowed screening of water extracts, polysaccharides, and melanins from fruit bodies and fungal cultures. The results of investigations on different subtypes of influenza virus are presented, and special attention is paid to Inonotus obliquus (chaga mushroom). Compounds produced from this mushroom are characterized by the widest range of antiviral activity. Comparative data are presented on the antiviral activity of melanin from natural I. obliquus and submerged biomass of an effective strain isolated in culture against the pandemic strain of influenza virus A/California/07/09 (H1N1 pdm09).
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Agaricales/química , Antivirales/farmacología , Factores Biológicos/farmacología , Orthomyxoviridae/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Factores Biológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Inonotus/química , Melaninas/aislamiento & purificación , Melaninas/farmacología , Orthomyxoviridae/clasificación , Pandemias , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/virologíaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilat is a mushroom belonging to the family Hymenochaetaceae. It is popularly called the Chaga mushroom in Russian folk medicine and has been used as a traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus in Eastern European and Asian countries. However, its effects on glycolipid metabolism disorders and underlying molecular mechanism of action remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: I. obliquus contains abundant functional components, which provide potential medicinal value. The purpose of this study was to investigate compositions of I. obliquus extract with a high-pressure water extraction method, and investigate the anti-type 2 diabetic effects of I. obliquus extract and the possible underlying mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The I. obliquus was extracted by a high-pressure water extraction method, and tested its main components by special assay kit and instrumental analysis. Type 2 diabetic C57BL/6 mice were induced by high-fat diet with low-dose STZ injection, and were daily gavaged with different doses of I. obliquus extract for 8 weeks. Glycemic, blood lipid profile, and histopathology of liver and pancreas were assessed. Underlying mechanisms related to glycemic control in liver were further performed. RESULTS: The I. obliquus extract main compounds were ß-Glucans, triterpenoids and polyphenol by determination. Oral administration of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg I. obliquus extract significantly alleviated blood glucose and insulin resistance. Moreover, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of I. obliquus extract increased liver glycogen content and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels while decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), p-protein kinase B (Akt), p-adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), and p-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were upregulated, whereas sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were downregulated after supplement with 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of I. obliquus extract. Interestingly, I. obliquus extract was a dose-effect relationship within a certain range. 250 mg/kg had obvious anti-diabetes effect, and the effect of 500 mg/kg dose was the same as that of metformin. CONCLUSION: I. obliquus extract ameliorated insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders in diabetic mice. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of I. obliquus extract were supposedly exerted via the regulation of the PI3K/Akt and AMPK/ACC signaling pathways.
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Glucolípidos/metabolismo , Inonotus/química , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Acetil-CoA Carboxilasa/genética , Acetil-CoA Carboxilasa/metabolismo , Adenilato Quinasa/genética , Adenilato Quinasa/metabolismo , Animales , Productos Biológicos/química , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Hipolipemiantes , Masculino , Ratones , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
In order to study the extraction process and antioxidative activity of Inonotus obliquus polyphenols (IOP), the optimal extraction process was determined by orthogonal experiment optimization. The clearance rate of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals were used as indicators to evaluate the antioxidant activity of IOP. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration of 50%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, temperature of 60 °C, and 90 min. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of IOP was 2.84%. The antioxidant capacity of extracts appeared to be IOP dose-dependent, while it also presented stronger ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-MS) analysis indicated that the major identified polyphenol compounds extracted at the optimal conditions were ten compounds (procyanidin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, astilbin, tangeretin, gallic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and catechin 7-xyloside). These findings indicate that I. obliquus polyphenols have the potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant and have a good application prospect.
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Antioxidantes , Calor , Inonotus/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Polifenoles , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
A chemical study on the fruiting bodies of cultivated edible mushroom Inonotus hispidus resulted in 14 metabolites including three new hispolon congeners, named inonophenols A-B and one new lanostane triterpenoid, named inonoterpene A. These structures were identified by NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data analysis. All metabolites were assessed for neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activities. Among them, inonophenols B and C were the most active in promoting PC-12 cell neurite outgrowth at a concentration of 10 µM. The phenolic derivatives reduced NO generation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells by suppressing the expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and the nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway as well as the inflammatory mediators including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Moreover, the phenolics showed antioxidant effects in DPPH scavenging assay with the IC50 values of 9.82-21.43 µM. These findings showed that I. hispidus may be a new source of neurotrophic and protective agents against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Inonotus/química , Fenoles/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Esteroides/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/inmunología , Inonotus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Espectrometría de Masas , Ratones , FN-kappa B/genética , FN-kappa B/inmunología , Neuritas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuritas/inmunología , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/inmunología , Células PC12 , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Células RAW 264.7 , Ratas , Esteroides/farmacologíaRESUMEN
In our study, a food safety management system was developed for a chaga mushroom biotechnology product manufacturer, with the purpose of meeting the quality demands of customers and enhancing the manufacturer's reputation. The study focused on identifying the potentially significant hazards present at each stage of the production process for chaga mushroom capsule products, and on ensuring that the biotechnology company in question has fully implemented ISO22000:2018 and the HACCP methodology. The results indicate that, in the 1 year following the implementation of ISO 22000:2018, there was a statistically significant drop (P < 0.05) in the coliforms level of the tested biotechnology product samples that started in the ninth month following implementation. The rapid screening of mycotoxin, heavy metal, and pesticide residue levels also increased monitoring intensity and strengthened the periodic rotation plan, enabling control over potential problems relating to raw materials and ensuring product quality. This finding reveals the importance and necessity of rapid screening for small- and medium-sized food industry enterprises. Furthermore, 1 year after the system's implementation, the defect rate for chaga products was also observed to have declined, and the number of process flow anomalies requiring correction was also found to have decreased significantly (P < 0.05), indicating that safety and quality levels were improving and stabilizing. If implemented over a longer period of time, the food safety management system's benefits would stand out even more, and significant improvements would be observed for more monitored items. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Few studies have touched on food safety management systems (FSMSs) developed for capsule health food products. The enterprise examined in this study had actively worked to improve its quality system and meet its customers' needs through the implementation of the FSMSs.
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Biotecnología/normas , Industria de Alimentos/normas , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Inonotus , Administración de la Seguridad/métodos , Alérgenos , Alimentos Funcionales/normas , Análisis de Peligros y Puntos de Control Críticos , Inonotus/química , Metales Pesados/análisis , Micotoxinas/análisis , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , TaiwánRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The crude extracts of the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus have been used as an effective traditional medicine to treat malicious tumors, gastritis, gastric ulcers, and other inflammatory conditions in Russia and most Baltic countries. AIM OF THIS REVIEW: Deciphering the antitumoral potential of the bioactive metabolites from I. obliquus and addressing its possibility to be used as effective agents for tumor treatment, restoration of compromised immunity and protection of gastrointestinal damage caused by chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed the current achievements and dilemma in tumor chemo- or immunotherapy. In this context, we searched the published literatures on I. obliquus covering from 1990 to 2020, and summarized the activities of antitumor, antioxidation, and immunomodulation by the polysaccharides, triterpenoids, small phenolic compounds, and hispidin polyphenols. By comparing the merits and shortcomings of current and traditional methodology for tumor treatment, we further addressed feasibility for the use of I. obliquus as an effective natural drug for tumor treatment and prevention. RESULTS: The diverse bioactive metabolites confer I. obliquus great potential to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Its antitumor activities are achieved either through suppressing multiple oncogenic signals including but not limited to the activation of NF-κB and FAK, and the expression of RhoA/MMP-9 via ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The antitumor activities can also be achieved by inhibiting tyrosinase activity via PAK1-dependent signaling pathway or altering lysosomal membrane permeabilization through blocking tubulin polymerization and/or disturbing energy metabolism through LKB1/AMPK pathway. In addition, the metabolites from I. obliquus also harbour the potentials to reverse MDR either through selective inhibition on P-gp/ABCB1 or MRP1/ABCC1 proteins or the induction of G2/M checkpoint arrest in tumor cells of chemoresistant phenotypes mediated by Nox/ROS/NF-kB/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition to the eminent effects in tumor inhibition, the metabolites in I. obliquus also exhibit immunomodulatory potential to restore the compromised immunity and protect against ulcerative damage of GI tract caused by chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: I. obliquus possesses the potential to reduce incidence of tumorigenesis in healthy people. For those whose complete remission has been achieved by chemotherapy, administration of the fungus will inhibit the activation of upstream oncogenic signals and thereby prevent metastasis; for those who are in the process of chemotherapy administration of the fungus will not only chemosensitize the tumor cells and thereby increasing the chemotherapeutic effects, but also help to restore the compromised immunity and protect against ulcerative GI tract damage and other side-effects induced by chemotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Inonotus/química , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Mezclas Complejas/farmacología , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Neoplasias/patología , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
Inonotus obliquus (IO) is an edible fungus that exerts various biological functions, including antiinflammatory, antitumor and immunomodulatory effects. The present study was designed to investigate the role of IO extract (IOE) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) and determine the exact molecular mechanisms. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to establish the MI/R injury model in rats. IOE exhibited a novel cardioprotective effect, as shown by improvement in cardiac function and decrease in infarct size. Pretreatment with IOE activated antioxidant enzymes in cardiomyocytes, including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. IOE pretreatment also induced the upregulation of NADdependent protein deacetylase sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and downregulation of glucoseregulated protein 78, phosphorylated (p) protein kinase Rlike endoplasmic reticulum kinase, peukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α, C/EBP homologous protein and caspase12. Furthermore, IOE alleviated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressinduced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by decreasing the mRNA levels of caspase12. IOE inhibited apoptosis induced by overexpression of procaspase9 and procaspase3. In summary, IOE pretreatment protects the heart against MI/R injury through attenuating oxidative damage and suppressing ER stressinduced apoptosis, which may be primarily due to SIRT1 activation.
Asunto(s)
Mezclas Complejas/farmacología , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico/efectos de los fármacos , Inonotus/química , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Proteína beta Potenciadora de Unión a CCAAT/metabolismo , Caspasas/metabolismo , Mezclas Complejas/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Factor 2 Eucariótico de Iniciación/metabolismo , Femenino , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/patología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sirtuina 1/metabolismoRESUMEN
Three new aromatic compounds (1a/1b, 2) including a pair of enantiomers (1a/1b), were isolated from Inonotus obliquus. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configurations of 1a and 1b were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculated. All isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines. Compounds 1b and 2 showed weak cytotoxicity toward the Hep3B cells at 25 µM.
Asunto(s)
Productos Biológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Inonotus/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Productos Biológicos/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética con Carbono-13 , Dicroismo Circular , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Espectroscopía de Protones por Resonancia Magnética , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) on the proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS: IOP was extracted from Inonotus obliquus, human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and U2OS cells were cultured in vitro, and the effects of IOP on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of MG-63 cells and U2OS cells were determined by CCK-8 assays, cell scratch assays, transwell assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expression of related proteins in the Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, MG-63 cells and U2OS cells treated with IOP of 80 µg/ml, 160 µg/ml, and 320 µ g/ml in the experimental group had significantly lower proliferation activity, decreased migration and invasion ability, and increased apoptosis rate (P < 0.05). Furthermore, IOP could significantly inhibit the activation of the Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathway (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: IOP can regulate the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. It has antitumor activity on osteosarcoma and has the potential of clinical application in osteosarcoma treatment.