Rational drug use in hospital settings - areas that can be changed.

Irrational use of drugs occurs at all levels of healthcare. This phenomenon can also be observed in hospitals. Irrational use of a drug contributes to a decrease in the patient's quality of treatment and often causes negative health consequences. For this reason, it is essential to consider methods that can be introduced in hospitals to increase the safety and effectiveness of the drugs used. The article presents selected methods of rationalization of drug management that can be used in hospitals.

Designing an optimal inventory management model for the blood supply chain: Synthesis of reusable simulation and neural network.

Blood supply managers in the blood supply chain have always sought to create enough reserves to increase access to different blood products and reduce the mortality rate resulting from expired blood. Managers' adequate and timely response to their customers is considered vital due to blood perishability, uncertainty of blood demand, and the direct relationship between the availability/lack of blood supply and human life. Further to this, hospitals' awareness of the optimal amount of requests from suppliers is vital to reducing blood return and blood loss, since the loss of blood products surely leads to high expenses. This paper aims to design an optimal management model of blood transfusion network by a synthesis of reusable simulation technique (applicable to all bases) and deep neural network (the latest neural network technique) with multiple recursive layers in the blood supply chain so that the costs of blood waste, return, and shortage can be reduced. The model was implemented on and developed for the blood transfusion network of Khorasan Razavi, which has 6 main bases active from October 2015 to October 2017. In order to validate the data, the data results of the variables examined with the real data were compared with those of the simulation, and the insignificant difference between them was investigated by t test. The solution of the model facilitated a better prediction of the amount of hospital demand, the optimal amount of safety reserves in the bases, the optimal number of hospital orders, and the optimal amount of hospital delivery. This prediction helps significantly reduce the return of blood units to bases, increase availability of inventories, and reduce costs.

Where is my infusion pump? Harnessing network dynamics for improved hospital equipment fleet management.

OBJECTIVE: Timely availability of intravenous infusion pumps is critical for high-quality care delivery. Pumps are shared among hospital units, often without central management of their distribution. This study seeks to characterize unit-to-unit pump sharing and its impact on shortages, and to evaluate a system-control tool that balances inventory across all care areas, enabling increased availability of pumps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 3832 pumps moving in a network of 5292 radiofrequency and infrared sensors from January to November 2017 at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. We used network analysis to determine whether pump inventory in one unit was associated with inventory fluctuations in others. We used a quasi-experimental design and segmented regressions to evaluate the effect of the system-control tool on enabling safe inventory levels in all care areas. RESULTS: We found 93 care areas connected through 67,111 pump transactions and 4 discernible clusters of pump sharing. Up to 17% (95% confidence interval, 7%-27%) of a unit's pump inventory was explained by the inventory of other units within its cluster. The network analysis supported design and deployment of a hospital-wide inventory balancing system, which resulted in a 44% (95% confidence interval, 36%-53%) increase in the number of care areas above safe inventory levels. CONCLUSIONS: Network phenomena are essential inputs to hospital equipment fleet management. Consequently, benefits of improved inventory management in strategic unit(s) are capable of spreading safer inventory levels throughout the hospital.

Improving hospital pharmacy inventory management using data segmentation.

PURPOSE: This case study describes the development and empirical validation of an easy-to-implement practical framework for improving hospital pharmacy inventory management. SUMMARY: Research suggests various inventory optimization models, which can lead to cost reductions while maintaining adequate service levels; however, they are facing limited adoption in healthcare settings. The main barriers appear to be the high effort and complexity of implementation, the dependence on data that are not available or might not be in the right form, and the one-size-fits-all approach often followed without addressing healthcare sector-specific particularities. A research framework was developed by adapting relevant inventory models to the healthcare context using the concept of data segmentation on the basis of a three-dimensional classification of hospital pharmacy inventory items based on their relative importance, clinical criticality, and consumption pattern. Suitable replenishment policies were assigned to high-impact classes, and an integrated performance-measurement component assesses the framework's effectiveness. The suggested approach was implemented and empirically tested at the pharmacy of a large public hospital using longitudinal data. The results demonstrate substantial improvements with respect to all of the selected key performance indicators and translate into inventory cost savings due to reduced stockholding costs and better synchronization of inventories to demand. CONCLUSION: Use of standard software functionalities combined with targeted data segmentation efforts significantly improves hospital pharmacy inventory cost performance.

The anti-hepatitis drug use effect and inventory management optimization from the perspective of hospital drug supply chain.

By analyzing the current hospital anti hepatitis drug use, dosage, indications and drug resistance, this article studied the drug inventory management and cost optimization. The author used drug utilization evaluation method, analyzed the amount and kind distribution of anti hepatitis drugs and made dynamic monitoring of inventory. At the same time, the author puts forward an effective scheme of drug classification management, uses the ABC classification method to classify the drugs according to the average daily dose of drugs, and implements the automatic replenishment plan. The design of pharmaceutical services supply chain includes drug procurement platform, warehouse management system and connect to the hospital system through data exchange. Through the statistical analysis of drug inventory, we put forward the countermeasures of drug logistics optimization. The results showed that drug replenishment plan can effectively improve drugs inventory efficiency.

Supply chain optimization at an academic medical center.

PURPOSE: A successful supply chain optimization project that leveraged technology, engineering principles, and a technician workflow redesign in the setting of a growing health system is described. SUMMARY: With continued rises in medication costs, medication inventory management is increasingly important. Proper management of central pharmacy inventory and floor-stock inventory in automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) can be challenging. In an effort to improve control of inventory costs in the central pharmacy of a large academic medical center, the pharmacy department implemented a supply chain optimization project in collaboration with the medical center's inhouse team of experts on process improvement and industrial engineering. The project had 2 main components: (1) upgrading and reconfiguring carousel technology within an expanded central pharmacy footprint to generate accurate floor-stock inventory replenishment reports, which resulted in efficiencies within the medication-use system, and (2) implementing a technician workflow redesign and algorithm to right-size the ADC inventory, which decreased inventory stockouts (i.e., incidents of depletion of medication stock) and improved ADC user satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Through a multifaceted approach to inventory management, the number of stockouts per month was decreased and ADC inventory was optimized, resulting in a one-time inventory cost savings of $220,500.

A pharmacy inventory management system in saudi arabia: a case study.

The objective of this paper is to report on the preliminary findings of the implementation process of a pharmacy inventory management system at a local Saudi hospital. Meeting documents, key informant interviews, and experience of the researcher were part of the data collection sources used in the study. A thematic analysis of the data was conducted. Preliminary findings show that the implementation process of the pharmacy inventory management system needs the involvement and support of senior management and experienced technical expertise. Future research will focus on investigating the impacts of the pharmacy inventory management system on workflow and medication errors.

The implementation experiences of a pharmacy automation drug dispensing system in saudi arabia.

The objective of this paper is to investigate the experiences of implementing a pharmacy automation drug dispensing system in Saudi Arabia. Key informant interviews, meeting documents, and experience of the researcher were the data collection sources used in the study. A thematic analysis of the data was conducted. Study results discuss the organizational challenges prior to implementation as well as details of the implementation process. Preliminary results show improvements in the services provided by the pharmaceutical department. Lessons learned are also discussed. The work presented in this paper is preliminary and more research is needed to evaluate the overall impact of the new pharmacy automation system on services provided by the pharmaceutical department.

[Development and use of modern hardware-software complex for medical equipment accounting in military unit of the medical service in wartime].

Development and use of modem hardware-software complex for medical equipment accounting in military unit of the medical service in wartime. The authors presented characteristics of a modern hardware-software complex for medical equipment assessment in medical troops of the medical service, included into the complete set of medical equipment <, which is accepted by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. An algorithm of development and routine of special- purpose software for accounting of medical equipment in medical branches of formations and military units in wartime.

A simulation-based apheresis platelet inventory management model.

BACKGROUND: The primary goals of apheresis platelet (AP) inventory management are to meet demand and minimize waste. AP inventory management is complicated by unpredictable demand for a product with a shelf life of only a few days and by hospital requests for APs that match the ABO types of patients identically. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A simulation-based decision support system was developed to assist blood centers in reducing waste while meeting the demand for ABO-identical APs. The proposed model is validated using data from a blood center located in a major city in the southeast region of the United States. RESULTS: Based on data provided by the blood center, the proposed simulation model is able to suggest appropriate collection strategies that can reduce AP waste from 12%-14% to 6%-7% and decrease the unmet demand for ABO-identical APs from 25% to 21%. CONCLUSION: The proposed simulation-based decision-making model is able to mimic the complexity of the AP inventory management system while reducing waste and predicting the need for ABO-identical APs.

Evaluation of hospital medication inventory policies.

As supply chain costs constitute a large portion of hospitals' operating expenses and with $27.7 billion spent by the US hospitals on drugs alone in 2009, improving medication inventory management provides a great opportunity to decrease the cost of healthcare. This study investigates different management approaches for a system consisting of one central storage location, the main pharmacy, and multiple dispensing machines located in each department. Each medication has a specific unit cost, availability from suppliers, criticality level, and expiration date. Event-driven simulation is used to evaluate the performance of several inventory policies based on the total cost and patient safety (service level) under various arrangements of the system defined by the number of drugs and departments, and drugs' criticality, availability, and expiration levels. Our results show that policies that incorporate drug characteristics in ordering decisions can address the tradeoff between patient safety and cost. Indeed, this study shows that such policies can result in higher patient safety and lower overall cost when compared to traditional approaches. Additional insights from this study allow for better understanding of the medication inventory system's dynamics and suggest several directions for future research in this topic. Findings of this study can be applied to help hospital pharmacies with managing their inventory.