RESUMEN
Obtaining a robust phylogeny proves challenging due to the intricate evolutionary history of species, where processes such as hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting can introduce conflicting signals, thereby complicating phylogenetic inference. In this study, we conducted comprehensive sampling of Elsholtzieae, with a particular focus on its largest genus, Elsholtzia. We utilized 503 nuclear loci and complete plastome sequences obtained from 99 whole-genome sequencing datasets to elucidate the interspecific relationships within the Elsholtzieae. Additionally, we explored various sources of conflicts between gene trees and species trees. Fully supported backbone phylogenies were recovered, and the monophyly of Elsholtzia and Keiskea was not supported. Significant gene tree heterogeneity was observed at numerous nodes, particularly regarding the placement of Vuhuangia and the E. densa clade. Further investigations into potential causes of this discordance revealed that incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), coupled with hybridization events, has given rise to substantial gene tree discordance. Several species, represented by multiple samples, exhibited a closer association with geographical distribution rather than following a strictly monophyletic pattern in plastid trees, suggesting chloroplast capture within Elsholtzieae and providing evidence of hybridization. In conclusion, this study provides phylogenomic insights to untangle taxonomic problems in the tribe Elsholtzieae, especially the genus Elsholtzia.
Asunto(s)
Hibridación Genética , Lamiaceae , Filogenia , Lamiaceae/genética , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Genoma de PlantaRESUMEN
The aerial parts of Mosla chinensis Maxim. and Mosla chinensis cv. 'Jiangxiangru' (MCJ) are widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), known collectively as Xiang-ru. However, due to clinical effectiveness concerns and frequent misidentification, the original plants have increasingly been substituted by various species within the genera Elsholtzia and Mosla. The challenge in distinguishing between these genera arises from their similar morphological and metabolic profiles. To address this issue, our study introduced a rapid method for metabolic characterization, employing high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Through detailed biosynthetic and chemometric analyses, we pinpointed five phenolic compounds-salviaflaside, cynaroside, scutellarein-7-O-D-glucoside, rutin, and vicenin-2-among 203 identified compounds, as reliable chemical markers for distinguishing Xiang-ru from closely related Elsholtzia species. This methodology holds promise for broad application in the analysis of plant aerial parts, especially in verifying the authenticity of aromatic traditional medicinal plants. Our findings underscore the importance of non-volatile compounds as dependable chemical markers in the authentication process of aromatic traditional medicinal plants.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Lamiaceae , Fenoles , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/análisis , Lamiaceae/química , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Medicina Tradicional China , Metabolómica/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/químicaRESUMEN
Abstract The aim of the current study was to determine the chemical constituents of essential oil and to study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and the extracts obtained from the raw material of Ziziphora wild growing in the floras of Armenia and Artsakh cultivated in the hydroponic conditions. The essential oils were obtained by the method of hydro-distillation. The determination of the essential oil constituents were performed by the GC-MS method. Agar disk diffusion method was used to study the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. The antioxidant activity determination was carried out DPPH test by the spectrophotometric method, at the same time IC50 was determined. The highest values of the essential oils yield (1.25 ± 0.01%) and IC50 13.83±0.218(x10-5)g/l) were received for the plant cultivated in hydroponic conditions. For the first time in the above studied samples, by the method of GC-MS more than 70 components were revealed. The results of the study showed that essential oils of Ziziphora exhibit antimicrobial activity and the extracts revealed relatively expressed antioxidant activity. The study results show the future prospects of the use of Ziziphora not only as the source of flavonoids and essential oils, but also antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
Asunto(s)
Productos Biológicos/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Antioxidantes/efectos adversos , Concentración 50 InhibidoraRESUMEN
Abstract INTRODUCTION: In the present study, we determined the chemical composition of Clinopodium macrostemum essential oil obtained by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and its effect on the growth and development of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae. METHODS: The essential oil compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and bioassays were conducted to evaluate the influence on the developmental stages of early second instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus until the emergence of adults, using essential oil concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800mg/L. RESULTS: The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the leaf essential oil of C. macrostemum contained 32 compounds and the major chemical compounds identified were linalool (55.4%), nerol (6.4%), caryophyllene (6.25%), menthone (5.8%), geraniol acetate (4.1%), terpineol (3.7%), and pulegone (2.8%). The essential oil yield obtained by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation was 0.8% at 20 min. The treatments showed lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) of 22.49 and 833.35mg/L, respectively, after the final measurement of the total number of dead larvae (second, third, and fourth instars), and LC50 and LC90 of 6.62 and 693.35mg/L, respectively, at the end of the experimental period. The essential oil inhibited the growth and development of the mosquito larvae by 32% (relative growth index = 0.68) at 50mg/L, and up to 47% (relative growth index = 0.53) at 800mg/L. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated the larvicidal effect of C. macrostemum essential oil on Cx. quinquefasciatus, which can be attributed to the oxygenate compounds obtained by the extraction method.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Lamiaceae/química , Culex/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Bioensayo , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Aceites Volátiles/química , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Culex/clasificación , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , MicroondasRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Natural steroids and triterpenes such as b-sitosterol, stigmasterol, lupeol, ursolic and betulinic acids were transformed into its hexanoic and oleic esters, to evaluate the influence of chemical modification towards the cytotoxic activities against tumor cells. The derivatives were evaluated against five tumor cell lines [OVCAR-8 (ovarian carcinoma); SF-295 (glioblastoma); HCT-116 (colon adenocarcinoma); HL-60 (leukemia); and PC-3 (prostate carcinoma)] and the results showed only betulinic acid hexyl ester exhibits cytotoxic potential activity.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Triterpenos/farmacología , Lamiaceae/química , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/farmacología , Fabaceae/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Triterpenos/química , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ésteres , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/aislamiento & purificación , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/química , Fabaceae/clasificación , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos/químicaRESUMEN
RESUMO Tivemos como objetivo avaliar o efeito da infusão de Cunila microcephala Benth sobre a atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE) e marcadores de estresse oxidativo em eritrócitos de agricultores. Foram utilizadas amostras provenientes de 16 trabalhadores rurais expostos a pesticidas agrícolas pelo período mínimo de 5 anos e um grupo controle constituído de 16 indivíduos não expostos a agrotóxicos. As hemácias dos agricultores e o grupo A foram expostos “in vitro” à solução salina (NaCl 0,9%). Os demais grupos foram expostos à infusão de poejo nas concentrações de 0; 5; 10; 25 e 50 g/L (Grupos B; C; D e E, respectivamente). Em seguida, foram realizadas as determinações da atividade da AChE e dos níveis de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), proteínas carboniladas (PCs) e glutationa reduzida (GSH). Os resultados mostram que a infusão de poejo 50g/L, aumenta a atividade da enzima AChE e os níveis de GSH. Contudo, os níveis de TBARS e PCs diminuíram após o tratamento com a infusão de poejo 25 e 50 g/L. A infusão de poejo, na concentração de 50 g/L, é capaz de reverter, “in vitro” a inibição da atividade da AChE que ocorre pela exposição a pesticidas, e ainda demonstra um importante potencial antioxidante, tendo em vista que diminuiu danos lipídicos e proteicos e ainda, estimulou a produção do principal antioxidante não enzimático endógeno.
ABSTRACT Evaluating the effect of infusion Cunila microcephala Benth on acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) enzyme and on biomarkers of oxidative stress in farmers erythrocytes. We used samples from 16 rural workers exposed to pesticides for a minimum of five years, and a control group composed of 16 individuals not exposed to pesticides. The erythrocytes of farmers and from group A were exposed “in vitro” the saline solution (NaCl 0,9%). The other groups were exposed to the infusion of “poejo” at concentrations of 0; 5; 10; 25 and 50 g/L (Groups B, C, D and E, respectively). Then, it was realized the analitical determinations of AChE activity and TBARS, PCs and GSH levels. The results showed that “poejo” infusion 50g/L, increased the AChE activity and GSH levels. However, the TBARS e PCs levels decreased after the treatment with “poejo” infusion 25 e 50 g/L. The “poejo” infusion 50 g/L is able to revert “in vitro” the inhibition of AChE activity that occurs by exposure to pesticides and also demonstrates an important antioxidant potential, given that decreased lipid and protein damage and also it stimulated the production of the main non-enzymatic antioxidant endogenous.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Acetilcolinesterasa/farmacología , Técnicas In Vitro/instrumentación , Biomarcadores/análisis , Estrés Oxidativo , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Plaguicidas , Eritrocitos/clasificación , Agricultores/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Alguns problemas relacionados à criação intensiva de peixes estão mais evidentes devido ao aumento da aquicultura em todo o mundo, destacando-se os distúrbios nutricionais e o aumento de doenças nos sistemas de produção. Com isso as pesquisas envolvendo produtos derivados de plantas vem ganhando espaço nessa área. A Hyptidendron canum é uma planta utilizada na medicina popular como antimalárica, anti-inflamatória, antiulcerativa e anti-hepatotóxica. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar os efeitos celulares e teciduais do extrato etanólico bruto e das frações hexano, clorofórmio e acetato de etila da H. canum nas brânquias de Oreochromis niloticus L. Para isso, o extrato etanólico e as frações foram administrados no peixe através da ração. Após 24 horas da ingestão da ração, os peixes foram sacrificados e o segundo arco branquial de cada um foi processado histologicamente e corado com tricômico de Masson e Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE). Pela análise qualitativa das brânquias ao microscópio de luz, observou-se que o extrato bruto e as três frações promoveram, em diferentes intensidades nas lamelas, descamação e destacamento do epitélio respiratório, alteração da curvatura, desorganização do eixo, hiperplasia celular do tecido epitelial interlamelar e vasodilatação nas lamelas e no vaso central do filamento. Os resultados deste experimento mostraram que o extrato etanólico bruto e as três frações de H. canum promoveram processos inflamatórios e/ou lesões sistêmicas, dose dependente para O. niloticus.
Some problems related to intensive fish farming are more evident because of the increased aquaculture worldwide, and we highlight the nutritional disorders and the increase of diseases in the production systems. Thus, research involving plant-derived products has been increasing in this area. The Hyptidendron canum is a plant used in folk medicine as an antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antihepatotoxic agent. This study proposes to evaluate the cellular and tissue effects of the crude ethanol extract and the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of H. canum on the gills of Oreochromis niloticus L. The ethanol extract and fractions were administered through the feed of the fish. Twenty-four hours later, the fish were sacrificed and their second gill arch dissected. Histological analyses were performed using Masson's trichrome and Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). The qualitative analysis of the material showed that the crude extract and the three fractions caused varying degrees of peeling and detachment of the lamellar respiratory epithelium, alterations in the curvature and axis of the gill, cell hyperplasia in the interlamellar epithelium and lamellar vasodilation, as well as vasodilation in the central vessel of the filament. The results of this experiment showed that the crude ethanol extract and the three fractions of H. canum promoted inflammation and/or systemic lesions, dose dependent, for O. niloticus.
Asunto(s)
Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Cíclidos/anatomía & histología , Pradera , Toxicidad/análisis , Branquias/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
RESUMO Objetivou-se neste trabalho reconhecer e sistematizar o conhecimento tradicional sobre as espécies medicinais, as indicações terapêuticas, as formas de uso e as técnicas de produção e comercialização de plantas medicinais no agreste nordestino, no município de Solânea, Paraíba. Visitas, entrevistas e amostragem foram realizadas a agricultores familiares da região por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas utilizando a técnica de turnê guiada. Após as visitas foi identificada uma atriz - informante. Foi feito um herbário com as plantas medicinais encontradas, nas quais foram identificadas e categorizadas quanto às indicações terapêuticas de acordo com a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde. Foram verificadas 59 espécies com propriedades medicinais distribuídas em 36 famílias botânicas, com o predomínio da família Lamiaceae. Enfermidades de afecções digestivas foram as mais indicadas. O chá foi o preparado de maior frequência.
ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to recognize and to order the traditional knowledge about the medicinal species, the therapeutic indications, the application forms, and the productions and marketing techniques of medicinal plants in the dry area of the northeast, in the city of Solanea, Paraíba. Visits, interviews and sampling were conducted to family farmers in the region through semi-structured interviews using the guided tour technique. A herbarium was built with the medicinal plants found and they were identified and classified regarding their therapeutic indications according to the Diseases International Statistical Classification and the Health Related Problems. 59 species with medicinal properties were identified and distributed in 36 different botanical families, with the Lamiaceae family predominance. The tea preparation was the more frequent one.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Plantas Medicinales/clasificación , Recolección de Datos/métodos , Etnobotánica/instrumentación , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Usos TerapéuticosRESUMEN
RESUMO A Salvia hispanica, conhecida popularmente como chia, apresenta elevada notabilidade por suas características nutricionais, sendo rica em proteínas, fibras, sais minerais e ácidos graxos, os quais podem ser responsáveis pela diminuição do risco de doenças cardiovasculares. Apesar do crescente consumo, existem poucos estudos em relação à germinação e ao vigor de suas sementes. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da luz e da temperatura no potencial fisiológico de sementes de chia (Salvia hispanica L.). Para tal, as sementes foram colocadas para germinar nas temperaturas constantes de 20, 25 e 30 ºC na presença e ausência de luz. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: percentagem de germinação, primeira contagem, índice de velocidade de germinação, e comprimento e massa seca das plântulas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 100 sementes. Constatou-se que a germinação das sementes de chia ocorre tanto na presença quanto na ausência de luz. As sementes de chia, sem dormência, germinam melhor na temperatura constante de 20 °C.
ABSTRACT The Salvia hispanica, known as chia, has high notability for its nutritional features, being rich in protein, fiber, minerals and fatty acids, which can be responsible for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Although the consumption of the seed is increasing, there are few studies about the germination and vigor of the seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of light and temperature on the physiologic potentiality of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). The seeds were sowed on paper at constant temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ºC in the presence or absence of light. The parameters evaluated were the following: percentage of germination, first count, germination speed index, length, and dry weight of the seedlings. The experimental design used was of complete randomized plots with four replications of 100 seeds. The germination of the chia seeds occurred in the presence or absence of light. The chia seeds, without dormancy, germinated better at the constant temperature of 20 ºC.
Asunto(s)
Temperatura , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Plantas Medicinales/clasificación , Semillas/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Mentha piperita L. is an aromatic and medicinal species of the family Lamiaceae, known as mint or peppermint, and its leaves and branches produce essential oil rich in menthol. This study aimed to evaluate physiological indexes, macro- and micronutrients inthe shootsand essential oil of Mentha piperita L. grown in nutrient solution number 2 of Hoagland and Arnon (1950) with different N, P, K and Mg levels. Shoot length, dry mass of the different organs, total dry mass, leaf area, essential oil yield and composition, and macronutrient (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S) and micronutrient (Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn) contents in the shoot were evaluated. Plants treated with 65%N/50%P/25%K/100%Mg had a tendency towards longer shoot, greaterroot and leaf blade dry masses, higher essential oil yield, higher menthol levels and lower menthone levels. The results showed that Mentha can be grown in nutrient solution by reducing 65% N, 50% P, 25% K and 100% Mg. This solution had better development compared to the other tested treatments. Therefore,we recommendMentha piperita L. to be grown with such nutrient levels.
Mentha piperita L., é uma espécie aromática e medicinal pertencente à família Lamiaceae, conhecida como menta ou hortelã-pimenta que produz em sua parte aérea óleo essencial rico em mentol. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os índices fisiológicos, macro e micronutrientes na parte aérea e óleo essencial de Mentha piperita L. cultivada em solução nutritiva numero Hoagland e Arnon (1950) com variação dos níveis de N, P, K e Mg. Foram avaliados comprimento da parte aérea, massa seca dos diferentes órgãos e total, área foliar, rendimento e composição do óleo essencial, teor de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Mg, Ca e S), e de micronutrientes (Mn, Cu, Fe e Zn) na parte aérea. As plantas nutridas com 65% de N, 50% de P, 25% de K, e 100% de Mg, apresentaram tendência de maior comprimento de parte aérea e massa seca de raízes e de lâminas foliares; maior rendimento de óleo essencial e, em média, maiores teores de mentol e menores teores de mentona. O resultados permitem concluir que a Mentha pode ser cultivada em solução nutritiva reduzindo-se 65% de N, 50% de P, 25% de K e 100% de Mg. Esta solução apresentou melhor desenvolvimento em relação aos outros tratamentos. Recomenda-se, portanto, o cultivo da Mentha piperita L. com tais níveis de nutrientes.
Asunto(s)
Mentha piperita/metabolismo , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Hidroponía/instrumentación , Micronutrientes/análisis , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de BAP, na presença e ausência de ANA, sobre a multiplicação in vitro de segmentos apicais caulinares de Satureja hortensis. Os explantes foram isolados de plântulas germinadas in vitro e cultivados em meio nutritivo MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x5, correspondendo às concentrações de ANA (0 e 1 µM) e de BAP (0; 5; 10; 15 e 20 µM), com seis repetições, cada uma composta por três explantes. Para a porcentagem de explantes com brotações houve efeito significativo para o fator BAP, aumentando à medida que cresce a concentração da citocinina. A variável "número de brotos por explante" apresentou interação entre os fatores, havendo a maior formação de brotos na presença de ANA na faixa de 10 - 15 µM de BAP. Na presença da auxina, o maior valor ocorreu com 15 µM de BAP tendendo a diminuir independente da presença de ANA. O enraizamento dos segmentos apicais foi maior na presença de ANA e ausência de BAP, diminuindo com o aumento da citocinina. O número de folhas foi influenciado pela maior concentração de BAP sendo que a 15 µM foi observado o maior número, tendendo à queda com aumento da concentração. A concentração de 15 µM de BAP, independente de ANA, proporcionou os melhores resultados na multiplicação da espécie produzindo aumento de brotações e número de folhas, à exceção do enraizamento que foi influenciado pela auxina.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BAP in the presence and absence of NAA, on the in vitro multiplication of shoot apical segments of Satureja hortensis. The explants were isolated from seedlings germinated in vitro and cultured in nutrient medium MS. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, corresponding to the concentrations of NAA (0 and 1 µM) and BAP (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM), with six replicates, each consisting of three explants. For the percentage of explants with shoots, there was no significant effect for the factor BAP, increasing as the concentration of BAP grows. The variable number of shoots per explant showed interaction between factors, with the highest shoot formation in the presence of NAA and BAP in the range of 10 -15 µM. In the presence of auxin, the highest value occurred with 15 µM BAP, tending to decline regardless of the presence of NAA. The rooting of the apical segments was higher in the presence of NAA and absence of BAP, decreasing with increasing cytokinin. Leaf number was influenced by the higher concentration of BAP, and the amount of 15 µMhadthe largest number, tending to decrease with increasing concentration. The concentration of 15 µM BAP, regardless of NAA, provided better results in the multiplication of the species, producing increased number of shoots and leaves, except for rooting, whichwas influenced by auxin.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas In Vitro/instrumentación , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Satureja/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hojas de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , MeristemaRESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito alelopático de extratos de Coleus barbatus sobre a germinação e desenvolvimento de plântulas de alface. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório, em diferentes concentrações de extratos obtidos de folhas de falso-boldo (0; 7,5; 15; 22,5; 30%), coletadas nas quatro estações do ano, obtidos por trituração, maceração, infusão e decocção. As sementes de alface foram distribuídas sobre placas de petri umidecidas com 10 mL de solução. Os resultados mostraram que os extratos de folhas afetaram a germinabilidade de sementes de alface apenas na concentração de 30% do extrato preparado por decocção de folhas coletadas no inverno. O índice de velocidade de germinação apresentou redução significativa nos extratos triturados preparados no outono e inverno; na maceração de folhas coletadas no verão e outono e no extrato de decocção preparado no inverno. Os extratos estimularam o crescimento da parte aérea das plântulas de alface, ao passo que, o comprimento das raízes foi afetado pelos extratos, ora inibindo, ora estimulando o crescimento das mesmas. Os extratos de folhas de falso-boldo coletadas nas quatro estações do ano apresentaram efeito alelopático sobre a germinação e o desenvolvimento da alface, sendo que estes variaram em função da sazonalidade da coleta, da forma de obtenção dos extratos e das concentrações testadas.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effects of extracts from Coleus barbatus on germination and seedling growth of lettuce. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory using different concentrations (0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30%) of aqueous extracts from "falso-boldo" leaves harvested in all four seasons; extracts were obtained by grinding, maceration, infusion and decoction. Seeds were distributed on Petri dishes moistened with 10 mL solution. Results showed that the leaf extracts affected the germination of lettuce seeds only at the concentration of 30% extract prepared by decoction of leaves harvested in the winter. Germination speed index showed significant reduction for ground extracts prepared in the fall and winter, as well as for macerated leaves harvested in the summer and fall and for extracts prepared through decoction in the winter. The extracts stimulated the growth of shoots of lettuce seedlings, whereas root length was affected by the extracts, which either stimulated or inhibited its growth. Extracts of "falso-boldo" leaves harvested in all four seasons had allelopathic effect on germination and development of lettuce, and the latter varied depending on the harvest season, the form of preparing the extracts and the tested concentrations.
Asunto(s)
Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Plectranthus/efectos adversos , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Germinación , Lamiaceae/clasificación , AlelopatíaRESUMEN
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi à verificação do efeito alelopático de Hyptis. suaveolens na germinação de sorgo, alface e rabanete, bem como, a comprovação da existência de compostos com potencial alelopático. Sementes de sorgo, alface e rabanete foram semeadas em substrato constituído de areia, terra e adubo orgânico contendo folhas de H. suaveolens. As análises da germinação foram feitas considerando a protrusão da radícula para o término do evento germinativo. Foi calculado o IVG (índice de velocidade de germinação) e %G (porcentagem de germinação). Os resultados mostraram que sorgo e a alface foram mais susceptíveis ao potencial alelopático de H. suaveolens, sendo que para o rabanete foi observado um efeito benéfico. Entre os tratamentos, o substrato esterilizado e não esterilizado mostraram diferenças entre si. A análise cromatográfica do óleo essencial presente nas folhas de H. suaveolens revelou a presença de compostos com potencial alelopático. Portanto, H. suaveolens, pode apresentar efeito alelopático positivo no IVG de sementes de rabanete e a presença de microorganismos pode ser necessária para que esse efeito alelopático aconteça.
The aim of this study was to verify the allelopathic effect of H. suaveolens on the germination of sorghum, lettuce and radish, as well as to prove the existence of compounds with allelopathic potential. Seeds of sorghum, lettuce and radish were sown in substrate consisting of sand, soil and organic fertilizer containing leaves of H. suaveolens. The germination tests were performed considering the protrusion of the radicle for the conclusion of the germinative event. GSI (germination speed index) and G% (percentage of germination) were calculated. The results showed that sorghum and lettuce were more susceptible to the allelopathic potential of H. suaveolens, while for radishes a beneficial effect was observed. Between treatments, the sterilized and unsterilized substrate showed differences. The chromatographic analysis of essential oil present in the leaves of H. suaveolens revealed the presence of compounds with allelopathic potential. Therefore, H. suaveolens may have positive allelopathic effect on the GSI of radish seeds, and the presence of microorganisms may be necessary for such an allelopathic effect to occur.
Asunto(s)
Lamiaceae/clasificación , Alelopatía , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hojas de la Planta/efectos adversos , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Germinación , Raphanus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sorghum/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Las especies medicinales y tóxicas del género Lepechinia Willd. en Venezuela son Lepechinia bullata (Kunth) Epling y Lepechinia schiedeana (Schleghtd) Vatke, las dos viven en alta montaña. Se han encontrado diferencias en la composición del aceite esencial y en el indumento de la hoja
Lepechinia bullata (Kunth) Epling and Lepechinia schideana (Schleghtd) Watke are the medicinal and toxic species of genus WiIld in Venezuela, both live in high mountain and they have some differences in the composition of the essential oil and some differences in the indument of leaves