RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess the impact of balloon laryngoplasty on clinical and surgical outcomes in pediatric patients with acute subglottic stenosis. METHODS: Two case series were included and compared. The first group included patients treated initially either with tracheostomy (if severe symptoms) or with close follow-up (if mild symptoms). Those children underwent re-evaluation and specific treatment of their stenosis with laser incisions or open surgeries some weeks later. The other group included children treated initially with balloon laryngoplasty, reflecting a shift in surgical practice after 2009. Data as success of the procedure, mean hospital stay, mean pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay, post-procedure fever, need of antibiotics, procedure-related complications, and deaths were assessed and compared between both cohorts. RESULTS: The sample comprised 38 pediatric patients aged 0-5 years. Fifteen children were treated before 2009, of who 10 (66.7%) required tracheostomy soon after the diagnosis. Ultimately, 13 (86.6%) underwent laryngotracheal reconstruction. Twenty-three children were treated after 2009 and the success rate in these patients treated primarily with balloon laryngoplasty was 82.6%. Of these, only 3 (13%) required tracheostomy and 1 (4.3%) required further open laryngotracheal reconstruction. Patients treated by balloon laryngoplasty underwent fewer procedures under general anesthesia and had a lower burden of treatment-related morbidity, as denoted by shorter PICU stay, less antibiotic use, earlier postoperative resumption of oral feeding, and a lower incidence of postoperative complications and fever. CONCLUSION: When used for management of acute laryngeal stenosis, balloon laryngoplasty is associated with a high success rate, presenting lower morbidity than open surgery.