[Visual rehabilitation in patients with retinitis pigmentosa]. / Reabilitação visual em pacientes com retinose pigmentária.

PURPOSE: To determine which low-vision aids could be useful to patients with retinitis pigmentosa and also the benefits that the rehabilitation program could provide based on visual acuity and/or daily visual tasks. METHODS: A group of 30 patients with retinitis pigmentosa aged from 7 to 73 years were enrolled in this study. Visual acuity and visual function tests (visual field, full-field electroretinogram) was performed and low-vision aids tested. Information about the use of the remaining vision was obtained. After choosing the best optical or electronic devices and before their prescription, a low-vision training program was carried out. RESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity varied from HM (hand movements) to 20/40 for distance and visual acuity better than 16M to 0.5M for near. 90% of the patients had optical devices prescribed: 13 for near, 9 for distance, 2 electronic devices and 3 filters. Three patients with extremely narrow visual field and very low visual acuity were referred to orientation and mobility. CONCLUSIONS: The low-vision aids were useful for the retinitis pigmentosa patients: telescopes, hand-held magnifiers, stand magnifiers, half-eye base-in prism lenses, electronic devices and illumination control were beneficial to enhance visual acuity and visual efficiency. The prescription of low-vision aids was helpful in daily-life activities and a high level of satisfaction with the implemented visual rehabilitation program was reported.

Reabilitação visual em pacientes com retinose pigmentária / Visual rehabilitation in patients with retinitis pigmentosa

OBJETIVOS: Determinar quais auxílios de visão subnormal podem ser úteis na reabilitação de pacientes com retinose pigmentária e os benefícios adquiridos com o programa de reabilitação visual baseado em medidas de acuidade visual nas tarefas da vida diária. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 30 pacientes com retinose pigmentária com idade variando de 7 a 73 anos. Foram realizados testes de acuidade visual e de função visual (perimetria manual, eletrorretinograma de campo total) e testes de adaptação de auxílios de visão subnormal. Um histórico visual foi pesquisado e perguntas específicas da utilização da visão foram feitas. Foi efetuado programa de treinamento do auxílio óptico a ser adaptado e de manuseio do mesmo antes de sua prescrição final. RESULTADOS: A acuidade visual no melhor olho variou de MM (movimentos de mão) a 20/40 para longe e visão melhor que 16M a 0,5M para perto. Do total de pacientes, 90 por cento receberam prescrição de auxílio óptico ou eletrônico: treze para perto, nove para longe, dois auxílios eletrônicos e três lentes filtrantes. Três pacientes com grave constrição de campo visual e profunda baixa de acuidade visual foram encaminhados para orientação e mobilidade. CONCLUSÕES: Os auxílios ópticos: os telescópios, as lupas manuais e de apoio, as lentes esferoprismáticas, os auxílios não ópticos, os auxílios eletrônicos e iluminação adequada foram úteis na reabilitação visual de pacientes com retinose pigmentária, podendo trazer benefícios como a melhora da acuidade visual e da eficiência visual. A prescrição dos auxílios ópticos possibilitou a realização de atividades da vida diária, antes prejudicada pela deficiência visual, sendo relatado alto nível de satisfação por parte dos pacientes, com o programa de reabilitação visual implementado.

PURPOSE: To determine which low-vision aids could be useful to patients with retinitis pigmentosa and also the benefits that the rehabilitation program could provide based on visual acuity and/or daily visual tasks. METHODS: A group of 30 patients with retinitis pigmentosa aged from 7 to 73 years were enrolled in this study. Visual acuity and visual function tests (visual field, full-field electroretinogram) was performed and low-vision aids tested. Information about the use of the remaining vision was obtained. After choosing the best optical or electronic devices and before their prescription, a low-vision training program was carried out. RESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity varied from HM (hand movements) to 20/40 for distance and visual acuity better than 16M to 0.5M for near. 90 percent of the patients had optical devices prescribed: 13 for near, 9 for distance, 2 electronic devices and 3 filters. Three patients with extremely narrow visual field and very low visual acuity were referred to orientation and mobility. CONCLUSIONS: The low-vision aids were useful for the retinitis pigmentosa patients: telescopes, hand-held magnifiers, stand magnifiers, half-eye base-in prism lenses, electronic devices and illumination control were beneficial to enhance visual acuity and visual efficiency. The prescription of low-vision aids was helpful in daily-life activities and a high level of satisfaction with the implemented visual rehabilitation program was reported.

Prism therapy for adult onset strabismus

The Fresnel press-on-prism has dramatically changed the type of patient seen in our Orthoptic Department. More and more orthoptist in the USA are seeing more and more adult patients and are using more and more prisms for the annoying symptoms of diplopia

Histología: técnica histológica, microscopía

Técnica histológica: pasos, artifisios de técnicas, técnicas histoquímicas y inmunohistoquímicas. Microscopía: fundamentos de la óptica física y geométrica; lentes: definición, clasificación, elementos; microscopio fotónico; tipos especiales de microscopios; unidades de medidas usadas en microscopía

Histología: técnica histológica, microscopía

Técnica histológica: pasos, artifisios de técnicas, técnicas histoquímicas y inmunohistoquímicas. Microscopía: fundamentos de la óptica física y geométrica; lentes: definición, clasificación, elementos; microscopio fotónico; tipos especiales de microscopios; unidades de medidas usadas en microscopía

Environmental protection of the human lens

Se determinó la efectividad de los siguientes lentes: cristal verde 3, cristal gris 3, cristal claro, cristal photogray, cristal Revo anaranjado solar, cristal Revo azul ariel, plástico claro, plástico U-V Gard y plástico U-V Gard gris en evitar el aumento en temperatura al iluminarla con una lámpara de tungsteno. El lente más efectivo en evitar el aumento en temperatura fue el cristal verde 3 seguido por el cristal gris 3 y los cristales Revo azul anaranjado. Estos se recomiendan para proteger los ojos del desarrollo prematuro de la presbicie el aumento en temperatura