RESUMEN
Lymphangioma is a disfiguring malformation of early childhood. A mouse lymphangioma model has been established by injecting Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) intraperitoneally, but has not been compared with the human disease. We show that, in accordance with studies from the 1960s, the mouse model represents an oil-granuloma, made up of CD45-positive leukocytes and invaded by blood and lymph vessels. Several markers of lymphatic endothelial cells are expressed in both mouse and human, like CD31, Prox1, podoplanin, and Lyve-1. However, the human disease affects all parts of the lymphovascular tree. We observed convolutes of lymphatic capillaries, irregularly formed collectors with signs of disintegration, and large lymph cysts. We observed VEGFR-2 and -3 expression in both blood vessels and lymphatics of the patients, whereas in mouse VEGFR-2 was confined to activated blood vessels. The experimental mouse FIA model represents a vascularized oil-granuloma rather than a lymphangioma and reflects the complexity of human lymphangioma only partially.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Linfangioma , Molécula-1 de Adhesión Celular Endotelial de Plaqueta/metabolismo , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Endotelio Linfático/patología , Adyuvante de Freund , Granuloma/metabolismo , Granuloma/patología , Humanos , Lactante , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Linfangioma/metabolismo , Linfangioma/patología , Vasos Linfáticos/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Receptor 2 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Receptor 3 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of sodium morrhuate 5% injections in patients with low flow vascular lesions, which consist of orbital lymphangiomas, and in one patient with intraosseous cavernous hemangioma. DESIGN: Prospective, interventional consecutive case series. METHODS: Intralesional sodium morrhuate 5% was injected under direct visualization or under radiographic guidance to six patients with orbital lymphangiomas and one patient with intraosseous cavernous hemangioma. Comprehensive eye examination and follow-up imaging studies were performed. main outcome measures: Lesion size was evaluated by orbital imaging and clinical examination, visual acuity, exophthalmos, and posttreatment complications. RESULTS: Seven patients (four female, three male; average age, 33 years) were included. Six patients were diagnosed with orbital lymphangioma, and one patient was diagnosed with intraosseous cavernous hemangioma. Patients received an average of 2.6+/-2 intralesional injections of sodium morrhuate, with a range of one to six injections and a mean volume of 0.9+/-0.8 ml (range, 0.2 to 2.1 ml). Lesions showed a decrease in size an average of 50% (33%) and ranged from minimal (10%) to near total resolution (85%). Visual acuity and intraocular pressure remained unchanged; exophthalmos decreased an average of 1.5+/-1.8 mm. Complications included one case of orbital hemorrhage that resolved spontaneously and transient keratopathy in all patients with anterior orbital lesions. CONCLUSION: Intralesional sclerosing therapy with sodium morrhuate 5% is effective in tumor debulking in patients with orbital lymphangioma and is not associated with vision-threatening complications. It may be a better alternative to surgery for low flow orbital tumors, which includes lymphangioma.
Asunto(s)
Linfangioma/terapia , Neoplasias Orbitales/terapia , Soluciones Esclerosantes/uso terapéutico , Escleroterapia/métodos , Morruato de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Exoftalmia/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intralesiones , Presión Intraocular , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Linfangioma/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Orbitales/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias Orbitales/diagnóstico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del Tratamiento , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Differentiating lymphatic vessels from blood vessels is difficult, partly due to the lack of a specific method for identifying lymphatics. A new lymphatic vessel-reactive antibody, D2-40 has recently become commercially available. We examined the selectivity of D2-40 for lymphatics in oral neoplastic lesions for discrimination from blood vessels. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of oral lymphangiomas (n = 3), oral hemangiomas (n = 7), and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC, n = 46) were double immunostained with D2-40 and anti-CD34 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) using ENVISION-polymer technique with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-phosphate (BCIP)/nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) as color reagents, respectively. RESULTS: In the oral lymphangiomas and hemangiomas D2-40 was detected in all lymphatics, while all blood vessels were positive for CD34. In OSCC, number of vessels for lymphatics (P < 0.01) and for blood vessels in the perineoplastic areas were significantly greater than those in intratumoral areas. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that lymphatic proliferation might be much more extensive in the peritumoral area than intratumoral.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Vasos Linfáticos/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , 3,3'-Diaminobencidina , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales de Origen Murino , Antígenos CD34/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Vasos Sanguíneos/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/irrigación sanguínea , Colorantes , Femenino , Hemangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Hemangioma/patología , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Indoles , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Linfangioma/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/irrigación sanguínea , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/irrigación sanguínea , Nitroazul de TetrazolioRESUMEN
We present a case of mediastinal mesenchymal tumor in a 53-year-old woman with a 1-month history of chest tightness. A histological diagnosis of lymphangiohemangioma was obtained by excisional biopsy. CT findings are reported with emphasis on its association with intratumoral superior vena cava ectasia.
Asunto(s)
Hemangioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Linfangioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagen , Telangiectasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Vena Cava Superior/diagnóstico por imagen , Biopsia , Calcinosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Hemangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Hemangioma/patología , Humanos , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Linfangioma/patología , Neoplasias del Mediastino/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias del Mediastino/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intensificación de Imagen RadiográficaRESUMEN
We performed a comparative investigation of the immunomorphological characteristics of lymphatic and blood microvascular endothelial cells in normal human skin, cutaneous lymphangiomas, and hemangiomas, employing a pre-embedding immunogold electron microscopic technique. We stained for cell membrane proteins that are commonly used for light microscopic characterization of blood endothelial cells. With blood microvascular endothelial cells, we observed uniform labeling of the luminal cell membranes with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) JC70 (CD31), EN-4 (CD31), BMA120, PAL-E, and QBEND-10 (CD34), and strong staining of the vascular basal lamina for Type IV collagen under normal and pathological conditions. In contrast, lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells in normal human skin and in lymphangiomas displayed, in addition to a luminal labeling, pronounced expression of CD31 and CD34 along the abluminal cell membranes. Moreover, CD31 was preferentially detected within intercellular junctions. The expression of CD34 was mostly confined to abluminal endothelial microprocesses and was upregulated in lymphangiomas and hemangiomas. Type IV collagen partially formed the luminal lining of initial lymphatics and occasionally formed bridges over interendothelial gaps. Our findings suggest a function of transmigration protein CD31 in recruitment of dendritic cells into the lymphatic vasculature. CD34 labeling may indicate early endothelial cell sprouting. The distribution of Type IV collagen also supports its role as a signal for migration and tube formation for lymphatic endothelial cells.
Asunto(s)
Endotelio Linfático/ultraestructura , Endotelio Vascular/ultraestructura , Hemangioma/ultraestructura , Linfangioma/ultraestructura , Neoplasias Cutáneas/ultraestructura , Piel/ultraestructura , Antígenos CD34/análisis , Capilares/ultraestructura , Colágeno/análisis , Endotelio Linfático/química , Endotelio Linfático/citología , Endotelio Vascular/química , Endotelio Vascular/citología , Hemangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Inmunofenotipificación , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Microscopía Inmunoelectrónica , Molécula-1 de Adhesión Celular Endotelial de Plaqueta/análisis , Piel/irrigación sanguínea , Piel/citología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/irrigación sanguíneaAsunto(s)
Linfangioma/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Anciano , Vasos Sanguíneos/patología , Nalgas/patología , Colágeno/análisis , Desmina/análisis , Dilatación Patológica/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Lectinas/análisis , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Sistema Linfático/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/irrigación sanguínea , Factor de von Willebrand/análisisRESUMEN
A 46-year-old woman developed multiple papules on the right labium majus. A histological examination revealed acanthotic epidermis and dilated vessels in the papillary dermis. The clinical and histological features were compatible with those of lymphangiectasis or acquired lymphangioma of the vulva, which occurs after surgery or irradiation for cervical cancer. This patient, however, had no such past history. Acquired lymphangioma of the vulva arising without obvious causes seems to be unusual.
Asunto(s)
Linfangioma/patología , Neoplasias de la Vulva/patología , Endotelio/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Persona de Mediana Edad , Piel/patología , Neoplasias de la Vulva/irrigación sanguíneaRESUMEN
Complete excision of giant cystic hygroma requires meticulous dissection of the multilocular lymphatic cysts from the adjacent vascular and neural structures. The association of venous aneurysms with cystic hygroma is extremely rare. We report two infants with cystic hygroma in whom preoperative diagnosis of venous aneurysm was helpful in planning complete excision of the lymphatic lesions.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/complicaciones , Axila , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/complicaciones , Linfangioma/complicaciones , Venas , Aneurisma/congénito , Vena Axilar , Femenino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/congénito , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Venas Yugulares , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Linfangioma/congénito , MasculinoRESUMEN
Primary vascular tumors of lymph nodes other than Kaposi's sarcoma are very rare, as attested to by only a handful of case reports in the literature. Based on an analysis of 39 such cases, we could distinguish five major groups. Hemangiomas of capillary/cavernous, lobular capillary, and cellular types were composed of compact aggregates of blood-filled vessels, variable in size, that replaced the nodal architecture partly or almost completely; some appeared to have originated in the hilum or medulla. These hemangiomas either represented incidental findings in lymph nodes or were seen with solitary lymph node enlargement; the evolution was benign with no recurrence. A distinctive benign lesion occurring exclusively in inguinal lymph nodes, which we propose designating "angiomyomatous hamartoma," showed replacement of the nodal parenchyma by smooth muscle cells and fibrous tissue, in continuity with exuberant proliferation of muscular vessels in the hilum. Epithelioid vascular tumors, characterized by plump endothelial cells with dense eosinophilic cytoplasm and numerous vacuoles, exhibited a range of differentiation, from hemangioma with well-formed vascular channels (with or without tissue eosinophilia) to hemangioendotheliomas composed predominantly of cords and sheets of tumor cells lying in a hyaline-myxoid matrix. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma was particularly likely to be mistaken for metastatic carcinoma, and local recurrence could occur. A variant, the spindle and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, was characterized by the presence of an additional component of spindle cells. Another tumor we found, polymorphous hemangioendothelioma, is a previously uncharacterized borderline malignant vascular tumor exhibiting solid, primitive vascular and angiomatous patterns and relatively bland cytologic features. Lymphangiomas of lymph nodes usually showed simultaneous multifocal and extra-nodal involvement and were characterized by cystic endothelium-lined spaces filled predominantly with lymph fluid. It is important to recognize these primary vascular tumors of lymph nodes to avoid mistaking them for a variety of benign vasoproliferative lesions, Kaposi's sarcoma, angiosarcoma, and metastatic cancer.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hemangioendotelioma/diagnóstico , Hemangioma/diagnóstico , Linfangioma/diagnóstico , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Sarcoma de Kaposi/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Hamartoma/irrigación sanguínea , Hamartoma/patología , Hemangioendotelioma/irrigación sanguínea , Hemangioendotelioma/patología , Hemangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Hemangioma/patología , Humanos , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Linfangioma/patología , Linfoma/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neovascularización Patológica/patología , Sarcoma de Kaposi/patología , Terminología como AsuntoRESUMEN
A 21-year-old woman presented with a solitary, hypofunctioning right thyroid nodule. Findings of fine-needle aspiration biopsy were consistent with a thyroid cyst, but a subsequent biopsy demonstrated changes suggestive of a papillary neoplasm. Surgery was performed and a well-circumscribed 12-mm nodule was identified within the thyroid parenchyma. Microscopic examination confirmed the presence of a thyroid lymphangioma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a primary thyroid lymphangioma reported in the English literature.
Asunto(s)
Linfangioma/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Adulto , Endotelio Vascular/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/irrigación sanguíneaRESUMEN
We report the first clinical experience with a new method for projective imaging of blood vessels (angiography) using magnetic resonance. Vascular contrast is produced noninvasively by the phase response of moving protons. Diastolic and systolic gated images produce, respectively, flow signal and flow void; the difference image is a map of the pulsatile flow: an arteriogram. Preliminary studies are presented of the lower extremities of one healthy volunteer and four patients (one each with occlusive disease, soft-tissue tumor, arteriovenous malformation, and venous femoral-popliteal graft). Patient data are compared with accompanying conventional arteriograms, and the new method is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Angiografía/métodos , Pierna/irrigación sanguínea , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Adulto , Anciano , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo , Electrocardiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Claudicación Intermitente/diagnóstico , Claudicación Intermitente/diagnóstico por imagen , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Linfangioma/diagnóstico , Linfangioma/diagnóstico por imagen , MasculinoRESUMEN
This report describes three female patients who were treated for diffuse vascular lesions of the breast. The lesion was congenital in one patient. Two were adults (40 and 59 years old). Each presented with a mass within the breast. Microscopically, the tumors were composed of vascular channels growing diffusely in breast parenchyma. The vessels were lined by flat, inconspicuous endothelium with sparse supporting mural tissue virtually devoid of smooth muscle. The lesions consisted of hemangiomatous (erythrocyte-containing) and lymphangiomatous (seemingly empty) channels with lymphoid aggregates. This combination of a mixed pattern of vessels and diffuse growth is similar to that seen in lesions that have been called angiomatosis in other anatomic sites. Because the microscopic distinction between very orderly angiosarcomas and angiomatosis may be difficult, complete excision of the tumor is necessary. For bulky lesions, this may require mastectomy. In one patient congenital angiomatosis has persisted and recurred twice in the mammary region over 39 years. The other two patients remain well 3 years after local excision and 2 years and 4 months after mastectomy, respectively. Angiomatosis of the breast has not exhibited clinically malignant behavior since no metastases have been observed.
Asunto(s)
Angiomatosis/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Adulto , Angiomatosis/irrigación sanguínea , Angiomatosis/congénito , Biopsia , Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias de la Mama/congénito , Femenino , Hemangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Hemangioma/patología , Humanos , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Linfangioma/patología , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The classification, natural history, and treatment of hemangiomas, arteriovenous fistulas, lymphangiomas, and port-wine stains are in many respects as puzzling now as they were fifty years ago. A review of the literature assesses the progress made and addresses the questions yet to be answered.
Asunto(s)
Fístula Arteriovenosa/fisiopatología , Hemangioma/fisiopatología , Linfangioma/fisiopatología , Fístula Arteriovenosa/diagnóstico , Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Niño , Preescolar , Embolización Terapéutica , Neoplasias de los Párpados/terapia , Femenino , Hemangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Hemangioma/terapia , Hemangioma Cavernoso/fisiopatología , Hemangioma Cavernoso/terapia , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Terapia por Láser , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Linfangioma/cirugía , Masculino , Neoplasias Orbitales/terapia , Prednisona/uso terapéutico , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias Cutáneas/fisiopatología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/terapia , Síndrome , Enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau/diagnósticoAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Faciales/patología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Linfangioma/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Neoplasias Faciales/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/irrigación sanguínea , Humanos , Lactante , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias de la Boca/irrigación sanguíneaRESUMEN
Forteen cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy were reviewed retrospectively, and histologic material was examined by various staining and histochemical techniques. The predominant morphologic features were effacement of nodal architecture, microvascular proliferation, and a polymorphous cellular infiltrate of immunoblasts, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Immunofluorescence studies suggested the presence of cells elaborating a variety of immune globulins with an unpredictable pattern. The clinical course and treatment varied, perhaps partly reflecting the initial spectrum of diagnoses made in these cases before angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy was defined. Because systemic infection appears to be a major factor in the deaths of these patients whose immune competence is uncertain, the usual chemotherapy for malignant lymphomas may be too vigorous for this condition. At present, the cause of the condition is unknown.
Asunto(s)
Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Linfangioma/patología , Anciano , Anemia Hemolítica/patología , Células Productoras de Anticuerpos/patología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Médula Ósea/patología , Células de la Médula Ósea , Capilares/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Endotelio/patología , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Hepatomegalia/patología , Humanos , Ganglios Linfáticos/irrigación sanguínea , Linfangioma/irrigación sanguínea , Linfangioma/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Células Plasmáticas/patologíaRESUMEN
About 7 cases the author describes a uterine tumor made up of serous cysts with endotheliform covering and small areas of immature leio-myocytes.