Transcriptome profiling of pediatric extracranial solid tumors and lymphomas enables rapid low-cost diagnostic classification.

Approximately 80% of pediatric tumors occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where diagnostic tools essential for treatment decisions are often unavailable or incomplete. Development of cost-effective molecular diagnostics will help bridge the cancer diagnostic gap and ultimately improve pediatric cancer outcomes in LMIC settings. We investigated the feasibility of using nanopore whole transcriptome sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE)-derived RNA and a composite machine learning model for pediatric solid tumor diagnosis. Transcriptome cDNA sequencing was performed on a heterogenous set of 221 FFPE and 32 fresh frozen pediatric solid tumor and lymphoma specimens on Oxford Nanopore Technologies' sequencing platforms. A composite machine learning model was then used to classify transcriptional profiles into clinically actionable tumor types and subtypes. In total, 95.6% and 89.7% of pediatric solid tumors and lymphoma specimens were correctly classified, respectively. 71.5% of pediatric solid tumors had prediction probabilities > 0.8 and were classified with 100% accuracy. Similarly, for lymphomas, 72.4% of samples that had prediction probabilities > 0.6 were classified with 97.6% accuracy. Additionally, FOXO1 fusion status was predicted accurately for 97.4% of rhabdomyosarcomas and MYCN amplification was predicted with 88% accuracy in neuroblastoma. Whole transcriptome sequencing from FFPE-derived pediatric solid tumor and lymphoma samples has the potential to provide clinical classification of both tissue lineage and core genomic classification. Further expansion, refinement, and validation of this approach is necessary to explore whether this technology could be part of the solution of addressing the diagnostic limitations in LMIC.

[Interpretation of lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas associated with immune deficiency and dysregulation in the 5th edition WHO classification of haematolymphoid tumours].

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphohematopoietic system tumors updated the terminology, types of lesions, diagnostic criteria, nomenclature, and other aspects of lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas associated with immune deficiency and dysregulation. The important updates and main changes in this section were briefly introduced, in order to guide the precise classification of lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas associated with immune deficiency and dysregulation, and standardize pathological reports.

[Interpretation of T-cell and NK-cell lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas in the 5th edition of the WHO classification of haematolymphoid tumours].

The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of haematolymphoid tumours used the hierarchical system to classify T-cell and NK-cell lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas (T/NK-LPD/LYM) based on research advances and clinicopathological characteristics of the diseases. In this edition of classification, tumour-like lesions were included, some tumors were added/deleted, the names or terms of certain diseases were refined, and the diagnostic criteria or subtypes of some diseases were revised. This group of diseases was reintegrated from non-clonal hyperplasia to highly aggressive lymphoma, which would further reflect the nature of T/NK-LPD/LYM and benefit to clinical application.

[New classifications of malignant lymphomas - What changes are relevant for practice?] / Neue Klassifikationen maligner Lymphome ­ Welche Änderungen sind für die Praxis relevant?

An internationally uniform lymphoma classification is of fundamental importance for the comparability of clinical studies. There are currently 2 parallel classifications: the "International Consensus Classification" and the WHO-classification. Follicular lymphoma 3B is classified separately as follicular large cell lymphoma in WHO-HAEM5. The diagnostic criteria of lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma (LPL) have been adjusted, both classifications recommend molecular testing for MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations. There are no significant diagnostic changes in aggressive B-cell lymphomas. The ICC classify NLPBL and THRLBCL into the group of large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL). NLPHL/NLPBL-specific therapy must be considered, which differs greatly from the therapy of DLBCL, especially in the early stages. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas are a group of nodal T-cell lymphomas with a TFH phenotype and frequent mutations; peripheral T-cell lymphoma (NOS) is therefore a diagnosis of exclusion. Indolent T-cell lymphomas/lymphoproliferations of the GI tract are rare but must be differentiated from aggressive T-cell lymphomas. The WHO-HAEM5 also includes reactive/non-neoplastic lymph node lesions classified according to B or T cell predominance.

Genomic landscape and distinct molecular subtypes of primary testicular lymphoma.

Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare lymphoma predominantly occurring in the elderly male population. It is characterized by a limited response to treatment and a heightened tendency towards relapse. Histologically, approximately 90% of PTL cases are classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Genetic features of PTL were delineated in a limited scope within several independent studies. Some of the articles which analyzed the genetic characterization of DLBCL have incorporated PTL samples, but these have been constrained by small sample sizes. In addition, there have been an absence of independent molecular typing studies of PTL. This report summarizes the common mutational features, copy number variations (CNVs) and molecular typing of PTL patients, based on whole-exome sequencing (WES) conducted on a cohort of 25 PTL patients. Among them, HLA, CDKN2A and MYD88 had a high mutation frequency. In addition, we found two core mutational characteristics in PTL including mutation in genes linked to genomic instability (TP53 and CDKN2A) and mutation in immune-related genes (HLA, MYD88, CD79B). We performed molecular typing of 25 PTL patients into C1 subtype with predominantly TP53 mutations and C2 subtype with predominantly HLA mutations. Notably, mutations in the TP53 gene predicted a poor outcome in most types of lymphomas. However, the C1 subtype, dominated by TP53 mutations, had a better prognosis compared to the C2 subtype in PTL. C2 subtype exhibited a worse prognosis, aligning with our finding that the mechanism of immune escape in PTL was primarily the deletions of HLA rather than PD-L1/PD-L2 alterations, a contrast to other DLBCLs. Moreover, we calculated the tumor mutation burden (TMB) and identified that TMB can predict prognosis and recurrence rate in PTL. Our study underscores the significance of molecular typing in PTL based on mutational characteristics, which plays a crucial role in prognostication and guiding therapeutic strategies for patients.

Registro de linfomas cutáneos primarios (RELCP) de la AEDV: datos tras 5 años de funcionamiento / Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma Registry of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV): Data for the First 5 Years

Antecedentes y objetivos Los linfomas cutáneos primarios (LCP) son un conjunto de entidades poco frecuentes. En febrero del 2018 se describieron los resultados del primer año de funcionamiento del Registro de linfomas cutáneos primarios de la AEDV. En el presente trabajo actualizamos los resultados tras 5 años de funcionamiento. Pacientes y métodos Registro de enfermedad de pacientes con LCP. Se recogieron datos prospectivamente de los pacientes, incluyendo diagnóstico, tratamientos, pruebas realizadas y estado actual del paciente. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Resultados En diciembre del 2021 se había incluido a un total de 2020 pacientes en el Registro, pertenecientes a 33 hospitales españoles. El 59% fueron hombres, la edad media fue de 62,2 años. Se agruparon en 4grandes grupos diagnósticos: micosis fungoide/síndrome de Sézary (1.112, 55%), LCP de células B (547, 27,1%), trastornos linfoproliferativos de células T CD30+(222, 11%) y otros linfomas T (116, 5,8%). La mayoría presentó estadio T1, encontrándose actualmente casi el 75% en remisión completa (43,5%) o enfermedad estable (EE; 27%). Los tratamientos más usados fueron corticoides tópicos (1.369, 67,8%), fototerapia (890, 44,1%), cirugía (412, 20,4%) y radioterapia (384, 19%). Conclusión Las características del paciente con LCP en España no difieren de otras series. El mayor tamaño del registro permite precisar mejor los datos con respecto a los resultados del primer año. Este registro facilita al grupo de linfomas de la AEDV realizar investigación clínica, surgiendo ya trabajos publicados de dicho registro (AU)

Background and objective Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCL) are uncommon. Observations based on the first year of data from the Spanish Registry of Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas (RELCP, in its Spanish abbreviation) of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) were published in February 2018. This report covers RELCP data for the first 5 years. Patients and methods RELCP data were collected prospectively and included diagnosis, treatments, tests, and the current status of patients. We compiled descriptive statistics of the data registered during the first 5 years. Results Information on 2020 patients treated at 33 Spanish hospitals had been included in the RELCP by December 2021. Fifty-nine percent of the patients were men; the mean age was 62.2 years. The lymphomas were grouped into 4 large diagnostic categories: mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome, 1112 patients (55%); primary B-cell cutaneous lymphoma, 547 patients (27.1%); primary CD30+lymphoproliferative disorders, 222 patients (11%), and other T-cell lymphomas, 116 patients (5.8%). Nearly 75% of the tumors were registered in stage I. After treatment, 43.5% achieved complete remission and 27% were stable at the time of writing. Treatments prescribed were topical corticosteroids (1369 [67.8%]), phototherapy (890 patients [44.1%]), surgery (412 patients [20.4%]), and radiotherapy (384 patients [19%]). Conclusion The characteristics of cutaneous lymphomas in Spain are similar to those reported for other series. The large size of the RELCP registry at 5 years has allowed us to give more precise descriptive statistics than in the first year. This registry facilitates the clinical research of the AEDV's lymphoma interest group, which has already published articles based on the RELCP data (AU)

[Translated article] Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma Registry of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV): Data for the First 5 Years / Registro de linfomas cutáneos primarios (RELCP) de la AEDV: datos tras 5 años de funcionamiento

Background and objective Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCL) are uncommon. Observations based on the first year of data from the Spanish Registry of Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas (RELCP, in its Spanish abbreviation) of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) were published in February 2018. This report covers RELCP data for the first 5 years. Patients and methods RELCP data were collected prospectively and included diagnosis, treatments, tests, and the current status of patients. We compiled descriptive statistics of the data registered during the first 5 years. Results Information on 2020 patients treated at 33 Spanish hospitals had been included in the RELCP by December 2021. Fifty-nine percent of the patients were men; the mean age was 62.2 years. The lymphomas were grouped into 4 large diagnostic categories: mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome, 1112 patients (55%); primary B-cell cutaneous lymphoma, 547 patients (27.1%); primary CD30+lymphoproliferative disorders, 222 patients (11%), and other T-cell lymphomas, 116 patients (5.8%). Nearly 75% of the tumors were registered in stage I. After treatment, 43.5% achieved complete remission and 27% were stable at the time of writing. Treatments prescribed were topical corticosteroids (1369 [67.8%]), phototherapy (890 patients [44.1%]), surgery (412 patients [20.4%]), and radiotherapy (384 patients [19%]). Conclusion The characteristics of cutaneous lymphomas in Spain are similar to those reported for other series. The large size of the RELCP registry at 5 years has allowed us to give more precise descriptive statistics than in the first year. This registry facilitates the clinical research of the AEDV's lymphoma interest group, which has already published articles based on the RELCP data (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivos Los linfomas cutáneos primarios (LCP) son un conjunto de entidades poco frecuentes. En febrero del 2018 se describieron los resultados del primer año de funcionamiento del Registro de linfomas cutáneos primarios de la AEDV. En el presente trabajo actualizamos los resultados tras 5 años de funcionamiento. Pacientes y métodos Registro de enfermedad de pacientes con LCP. Se recogieron datos prospectivamente de los pacientes, incluyendo diagnóstico, tratamientos, pruebas realizadas y estado actual del paciente. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Resultados En diciembre del 2021 se había incluido a un total de 2020 pacientes en el Registro, pertenecientes a 33 hospitales españoles. El 59% fueron hombres, la edad media fue de 62,2 años. Se agruparon en 4grandes grupos diagnósticos: micosis fungoide/síndrome de Sézary (1.112, 55%), LCP de células B (547, 27,1%), trastornos linfoproliferativos de células T CD30+(222, 11%) y otros linfomas T (116, 5,8%). La mayoría presentó estadio T1, encontrándose actualmente casi el 75% en remisión completa (43,5%) o enfermedad estable (EE; 27%). Los tratamientos más usados fueron corticoides tópicos (1.369, 67,8%), fototerapia (890, 44,1%), cirugía (412, 20,4%) y radioterapia (384, 19%). Conclusión Las características del paciente con LCP en España no difieren de otras series. El mayor tamaño del registro permite precisar mejor los datos con respecto a los resultados del primer año. Este registro facilita al grupo de linfomas de la AEDV realizar investigación clínica, surgiendo ya trabajos publicados de dicho registro (AU)

Linfomas de colon: análisis de nuestra experiencia en los últimos 23 años / Colon lymphomas: an analysis of our experience over the last 23 years

Introducción: el linfoma de colon (LC) es una variedad poco frecuente de los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH) que representa menos del 0,6% de todas las neoplasias primarias del colon. Realizar un diagnóstico precoz es difícil debido a que las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas. El objetivo de esta revisión fue presentar nuestra experiencia en los últimos años en cuanto a características clínicas, endoscópicas, histológicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución de los LC. Pacientes y métodos: se realizó un análisis retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes con LC diagnosticados desde 1994 hasta 2016 en el Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid. Resultados: se identificaron 29 pacientes con LC (mediana de edad 67 años, 18 hombres [62%]). Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes fueron dolor abdominal, síndrome constitucional, diarrea y masa abdominal palpable. Ocho (27,6%) pacientes se encontraban asintomáticos y seis (20,6%) debutaron con complicaciones quirúrgicas. En 24 pacientes se realizó colonoscopia y los hallazgos más frecuentes fueron infiltración difusa y tumoración. La localización más común fue el colon descendente y sigma. Los subtipos histológicos más frecuentes fueron: LNH de células B del manto y linfoma difuso de células grandes tipo B. Se trató con quimioterapia a 28 pacientes (96,5%), con cirugía a seis (20,7%) y uno recibió quimio y radioterapia. La mediana del tiempo de supervivencia fue de 156 meses. La supervivencia al año fue del 100,0% y a los diez años, del 55,0%. Conclusiones: debido al aspecto endoscópico variable del LC, es necesario el estudio histológico de todos los segmentos del colon. El tratamiento de elección es la quimioterapia y en casos de complicaciones es necesaria la cirugía urgente con quimioterapia posterior. Los principales factores asociados a peor supervivencia son la edad mayor de 65 años, la existencia de recidiva y las respuestas parciales o nulas

Introduction: colon lymphoma (CL) is an uncommon variety of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that represents less than 0.6% of all primary colonic neoplasms. Early diagnosis is challenging as clinical manifestations are non-specific. The goal of this review was to discuss our experience over the last few years regarding the clinical, endoscopic, histological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of CL. Patients and methods: a retrospective, descriptive analysis of patients with CL diagnosed from 1994 to 2016 at the Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (Madrid, Spain) was performed. Results: a total of 29 patients with CL were identified, with a median age of 67 years; 18 were male (62%). The most common clinical manifestations included abdominal pain, constitutional syndrome, diarrhea and a palpable abdominal mass. Eight (27.6%) patients were asymptomatic and six (20.6%) initially presented with surgical complications. A colonoscopy was performed in 24 patients and the most common findings included diffuse infiltration and solid growth. The most common location was the descending and sigmoid colon. The most common histological subtypes included mantle B-cell NHL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy was administered to 28 patients (96.5%), surgery was performed in six (20.7%) and combined chemo-radiotherapy was administered to one patient. Median survival was 156 months. Survival was 100.0% at one year and 55.0% at ten years. Conclusions: due to the variable aspects of CL on endoscopy, a histological study of all colonic segments is required. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice and emergency surgery followed by chemotherapy is required for complications. Primary factors associated with poorer survival include age above 65 years, relapsing disease and partial or nil responses

Linfoma óseo primario: estudio de 7 casos / Primary bone lymphoma: report of 7 cases

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Linfoma mediastinal em equino - relato de caso / Equine mediastinal lymphoma - case report

Uma égua SRD, com 20 anos de idade, foi encaminhada ao hospital veterinário com histórico de emagrecimento, perda de apetite e aumento de volume na região peitoral e no pescoço. Aos exames físico e laboratorial, constatou-se que o animal apresentava taquicardia, taquipneia, hiperproteinemia, hiperfibrinogenemia e hipoalbuminemia. À auscultação cardíaca, os sons das válvulas pulmonar e aórtica não foram audíveis. Realizaram-se as avaliações eletrocardiográfica e ecodopplercardiográfica transtorácica bilateral, nas quais se observaram presença de efusão pleural e deslocamento caudal do coração. Na varredura ultrassonográfica ao redor do coração, constatou-se a presença de uma massa na base do coração. Para tentar amenizar o quadro respiratório, foi realizada drenagem torácica. A efusão pleural apresentava característica serossanguinolenta, com padrão citológico inflamatório. Algumas horas após retornar a baia, o animal veio a óbito. Realizou-se a necropsia, na qual pôde ser observada a presença da massa posicionada ao redor do tronco braquiocefálico. Na análise histopatológica, diagnosticou-se o linfoma difuso de células pequenas e médias.(AU)

A 20-year-old mixed breed mare was referred to the veterinary hospital with history of weight loss, loss of appetite, and swelling of the chest and neck. On physical exam the patient was in tachycardia and tachypnea and laboratory results indicated hyperproteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia and hypoalbuminemia. On cardiac auscultation, the pulmonary and aortic valves sounds were not audible. Presence of pleural effusion and heart caudal displacement were identified on electrocardiographic and Doppler echocardiography evaluation and a mass at the base of the heart was oberved through ultrasound scanning around the heart. To alleviate the respiratory condition, thoracic drainage was performed. The pleural effusion presented characteristic serosanguineous with cytologic inflammatory. After returning to stall, the animal died. In necropsy, the presence of a mass positioned around the brachiocephalic trunk was identified and histopathology results were compatible with diffuse small and medium cell lymphoma.(AU)

Inter-observer variability influences the Lugano classification when restaging lymphoma

Background: Lymphoma is an important and potentially curable oncological disease in South Africa. The staging and restaging of lymphoma have evolved over the years, with the latest international consensus guideline being the Lugano classification (LC). Prior to routine implementation of the LC, its robustness in the local setting should be determined. Objectives: To determine the Inter-observer variability in response assignment when applying the LC in patients with lymphoma who were staged and restaged with computed tomography. In case of excessive discordance, specific mitigating measures will have to be taken before and during any proposed implementation of the LC. Method: A total of 61 computed tomography scans in 21 patients were evaluated independentlyby four reviewers according to the LC, of which 21 scans were done at baseline, 21 at initial restaging and 19 at follow-up restaging. A retrospective comparative analysis was performed. Kappa values were calculated to determine agreement between observers. Results: Only a moderate inter-observer agreement of 52% in the overall response classification was demonstrated. The most important sources of discrepancy were inconsistency in the assessment of target lesion regression to normal, determining the percentage change in the summed cross-sectional area of the target lesions and ascribing new lesions as either due to lymphoma or other causes. Conclusion: Implementing the Lugano classification when restaging lymphoma is desirable to improve consistency and to conform to international guidelines. However, our study shows substantial inter-observer variability in response classification, potentially altering the treatment plan. Dedicated training and continuous quality control should, therefore, accompany the process

Linfoma óseo primario / Primary bone lymphoma

La afectación esquelética en los pacientes con linfoma no hodgkiniano (LNH) no es infrecuente. Suele ser una manifestación tardía, y cuando aparece lo hace generalmente de forma secundaria por linfomas en estadio avanzado y con alta carga tumoral. Sin embargo, tan solo en contadas ocasiones la afectación esquelética se debe a un linfoma óseo primario y constituye, por tanto, la forma de presentación de esta enfermedad. Se describe el caso de un paciente con un linfoma óseo primario de estirpe B que debutó con lesiones vertebrales y compresión medular secundaria (AU)

Skeletal involvement in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is not uncommon. It tends to be a late manifestation and usually occurs secondary to lymphomas in advanced stage, with high tumor burden. However, only in a few cases has skeletal involvement been attributed to a primary bone lymphoma and constitutes, therefore, the form of presentation of this disease. We describe the case of a patient with primary B-cell lymphoma of the bone that appeared with vertebral lesions and secondary spinal compression (AU)

Applicability of PCR-based clonality assay in dogs with multicentric lymphoma / Aplicabilidade do ensaio de clonalidade por PCR em cães com linfoma multicêntrico

Linfoma multicêntrico apresenta alta prevalência dentre as neoplasias em cães, e o diagnóstico rotineiro não é eficaz para avaliação de prognóstico. A PCR para rearranjos de receptores de antígeno (PRRA) apresenta potencial para classificação e estadiamento de linfomas. Este trabalho objetiva relatar o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de PRRA para aplicação em cães, baseando-se em condições e primers descritos na literatura. Foram coletados aspirados de linfonodo de 10 cães com linfoma multicêntrico e 15 lâminas de linfonodo positivas para linfoma já secas ao ar, fixadas e coradas. O protocolo utilizado demonstrou-se eficaz na amplificação de DNA das amostras frescas e das lâminas, com sensibilidade de 75%, similar à de estudos anteriores. Resultados parciais sugerem prevalência de linfomas de células B (60%) sobre células T (40%). O presente estudo abre precedentes para uma série de novos estudos com diagnóstico molecular de linfomas.(AU)

Linfoma no-Hodgkin primario del sistema nervioso central asociado a sida en un paciente con panuveítis por virus Epstein-Barr. Reporte clínico-patológico / Aids-related primary CNS non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with previous Epstein-Barr virus panuveitis. A clinico-pathological report

CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente con sida y uveítis por virus Epstein-Barr (VEB). La PCR de VEB fue positiva para humor acuoso y vítreo. Las cuantificaciones del virus fueron 56,602 × 106 copias/ml en humor vítreo, 173.400 copias/ml en sangre periférica y negativo en líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR). El paciente desarrolló un linfoma no-Hodgkin (LNH) diagnosticado en la necropsia. CONCLUSIÓN: La uveítis por VEB es poco frecuente y para el diagnóstico es necesario realizar una PCR cuantitativa. Una elevada cantidad de DNA de VEB se ha asociado con mayor incidencia de LNH

CLINICAL CASE: Patient with AIDS and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) uveitis. The PCR of the aqueous and vitreous humor was positive for EBV, and DNA quantification was 56.602 × 106 copies/ml in the vitreous humor, 173,400 copies/ml in the peripheral blood, and negative in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The patient developed a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), diagnosed in the autopsy. CONCLUSION: The EBV is a rare cause of uveitis and it may be necessary to perform a quantitative PCR to reach the diagnosis. High amounts of EBV DNA are associated with a greater incidence of NHL

Comparative study of histopathology and immunohistochemistry of indefinite round cell cutaneous tumors and characterization of canine lymphoma / Estudo comparativo de histopatologia e imuno-histoquímica de tumores indefinidos de células redondas e caracterização de linfoma canino

With the purpose of shedding light on some doubts in veterinary oncology, the present article intends to compare the results of histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of unspecific round cell neoplasia, to realize immunophenotyping of canine lymphoma cases, to establish the T or B origin of neoplastic cells, and to determine the degree of proliferation and apoptosis of lymphomas by immunohistochemistry. Of 11 animals presenting immunohistochemical diagnosis of lymphoma, five had been diagnosed as Lymphoma by HE staining of histopathological slides and six had been classified as unspecific round cell neoplasia. All cases submitted to immunohistochemical examination were T-cell lymphomas. There was a positive correlation between cell proliferation and apoptosis. The comparison among histopathological and immunohistochemical results obtained in the cases examined in the present study suggested that immunohistochemistry is essential for the differentiation of round cell neoplasia.

Com o objetivo de sanar algumas dúvidas na área da oncologia veterinária, o presente artigo pretende comparar os resultados dos exames histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de neoplasias de células redondas inespecíficas, realizar imunofenotipagem dos casos de linfoma canino e determinar o grau de proliferação e apoptose de linfomas. Dos 11 animais que apresentaram diagnóstico imuno-histoquímico de linfoma, cinco foram diagnosticados como linfoma por coloração HE das lâminas histopatológicas e seis foram classificados como neoplasia de células redondas inespecíficas. Todos os casos submetidos ao exame imuno-histoquímico foram de linfomas de células-T. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a proliferação celular e apoptose. A comparação entre os resultados histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos obtidos nos casos analisados sugeriu que a imuno-histoquímica é essencial para a diferenciação das neoplasias de células redondas.

Indicações e limites da imunoistoquímica no câncer de cabeça e pescoço / Indications and pitfalls of immunohistochemistry in head and neck cancer

O estudo imunoistoquímico tem sido empregado para a avaliação do diagnóstico diferencial de neoplasia. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso do método nos casos de câncer de cabeça e pescoço. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo de casos do Registro Hospitalar de Câncer da instituição. RESULTADOS: De 704 resultados anatomopatológicos, a imunoistoquímica foi realizada em 76 (11%). A maioria correspondeu a carcinomas - 85,80% e, destes, 83,66% eram epidermoides. Todos os exames foram para fins diagnósticos. Houve maior frequência para o uso de 34BE12 (37,18%), AE1/AE3 (35,90%), 35BH11 (28,21%), CD45 (25,64%), CD20 (24,36%), CD30 (24,36%), CK7 (23,08%) e CD3 (23,08%). CONCLUSÃO: A imunoistoquímica foi usada em 10,67% dos casos de câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a exame anatomopatológico, sendo maior para os carcinomas -- 5,26%. Na determinação do carcinoma epidermoide, seu uso foi de 18,42% do total de neoplasias.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been employed in the differential diagnosis of tumors. OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of IHC in cases of head and neck tumor. METHOD: This is a retrospective study of the cases included in the Cancer Registry of the institution. RESULTS: IHC was used in 76 (11%) of 704 pathology tests. Most cases were carcinomas (85.80%), and 83.66% of them were squamous cell carcinomas. All tests were done with diagnostic purposes. The most frequently used antibodies were 34BE12 (37.18%), AE1/AE3 (35.9%), 35BH11 (28.21%), CD45 (25.64%), CD20 (24.36%), CD30 (24.36%), CK7 (23.08%) and CD3 (23.08%). CONCLUSIONS: IHC was used in 10.67% of the head and neck tumor cases submitted to pathology testing, mostly for carcinoma (5.26%). In the determination of squamous cell carcinoma, IHC accounted for 18.42% of all tumors.

18F-FDG-PET/TC en linfoma: dos décadas de experiencia / 18F-FDG-PET/CT in lymphoma: two decades of experience

El uso del 18F-FDG-PET/TC ha introducido cambios relevantes en el manejo de los pacientes con linfoma en las últimas dos décadas. Esta técnica de imagen funcional permite mejorar la estadificación inicial de la enfermedad, realizar una aproximación pronóstica y planificar un tratamiento adecuado, monitorizar la respuesta a las terapias instauradas y hacer un seguimiento para el diagnóstico de recidiva y reestadificación del linfoma. Sin embargo, aún existen controversias sobre el tema en la literatura médica que repercuten en la práctica diaria. Esta profunda revisión bibliográfica resume la información actual sobre el uso potencial de 18F-FDG-PET/TC en pacientes con linfoma, destacando sus principales aplicaciones y los dilemas que se presentan al evaluar este tipo de estudios, intentando estandarizar criterios para su valoración, particularmente en la reestadificación y monitorización de la terapia(AU)

The use of 18F-FDG-PET/CT has changed the management of patients with lymphoma for the last two decades. This technique improves initial staging of the disease, making a prognostic approach and appropriate treatment planning, as well as monitoring therapy response of lymphoma. However, there are still controversial issues in medical literature that impact on daily clinical practice. This comprehensive literature review summarizes the current information regarding the potential use of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with lymphoma, highlighting the main applications and the current dilemmas for the nuclear medicine physicians at the time of the evaluation of these studies, trying to standardize criteria for its assessment, particularly in restaging and therapy monitoring(AU)