Geographical traceability of Marsdenia tenacissima by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics.

A combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with chemometrics tools provided an approach for studying Marsdenia tenacissima according to its geographical origin. A total of 128 M. tenacissima samples from four provinces in China were analyzed with FTIR spectroscopy. Six pattern recognition methods were used to construct the discrimination models: support vector machine-genetic algorithms, support vector machine-particle swarm optimization, K-nearest neighbors, radial basis function neural network, random forest and support vector machine-grid search. Experimental results showed that K-nearest neighbors was superior to other mathematical algorithms after data were preprocessed with wavelet de-noising, with a discrimination rate of 100% in both the training and prediction sets. This study demonstrated that FTIR spectroscopy coupled with K-nearest neighbors could be successfully applied to determine the geographical origins of M. tenacissima samples, thereby providing reliable authentication in a rapid, cheap and noninvasive way.

[FTIR fingerprint spectrograms of traditional Chinese medicine Marsdenia tenacissima].

In this paper, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy fingerprint analysis of Marsdenia tenacissima samples was used to develop a reliable method of tracing the geographical origins. Forty-eight samples from four provinces of China were analyzed by FTIR. We analyzed and characterized the fingerprints in both the full spectrum peaks and characteristic peaks, then the principal component analysis and the cluster analysis were carried out. The results of fingerprint analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis can identify the geographic origins correctly, which verified and supplemented each other; the identification results and the actual location showed a high degree of consistency, namely the lower the space distance, the greater the similarity of different samples. These results revealed the obvious superiority and practical value in comparison to the more tedious and time-consuming wet chemistry method normally used. Using appropriate metrology methods can trace the geographical source correctly. The M. tenacissima materials from the region of Maguan should be considered as genuine medicinal materials taking into account the good quality.

[Wild resources survey of Marsdenia tenacissima in Honghe, Yunnan].

To ascertain current situation of wild Marsdenia tenacissima resources in Honghe, Yunnan province, the distribution, habitat characteristic and resources reserves of M. tenacissima were surveyed based on interviews and investigation. The results showed that M. tenacissima was found in 7 counties such as Jinping, Mengzi etc, and distributed mainly on the mountainsides from 800 m to 1 200 m. And distribution was affected by many factors, such as light, heat, topography, soil, and vegetation. M. tenacissima grew well in distribution areas. M. tenacissima had averagely a weight of 2.8 kg per plant. Resources reserve of M. tenacissima in Honghe was estimated to 1 300 tons by now but it reduced rapidly in resent years, the wild resources reserve may not meet demand of market. Resources protection and wildlife tending would be conducted to deal with increasing medication requirements.

[Original plant identification of Dai nationality herb "Daibaijie"].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the original plant of "Daibaijie", commonly used Dai herb. METHOD: The literature review, morphology and anatomy, pharmacognosy, molecular biology, chemistry were used to analysis. RESULT: Daibaijie's historical scientific name, Dregea sinensis Hemsl., was mistakenly given "Daibaijie" and D. sinensis have significant differences from the distribution, morphology and anatomy, pharmacognosy, molecular biology and chemical composition. "Daibaijie" matches with the characteristics of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon in Flora of China in English. CONCLUSION: Daibaijie's original plant is M. tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon. The description and illustration of M. tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon in Flora of China in China are wrong. The illustration of M. tenacissima in Flora of China in English is wrong too.

[Genetic relationship on several medicinal plants in Marsdenia from Yunnan in ISSR marker].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the genetic relationship of 9 Marsdenia species from Yunnan, especially the traditional Dai medicine "Dai Bai Jie" (M. auricularis). METHOD: Applying the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers technology. RESULT: Twenty-five primers were screened out of 60 ISSR random primers and produced 391 bands totally, every primer produce 8-21 bands and the mean number was 15.6. The range of the GS (genetic similarity) value was 0.6675-0.8210. In 9 Marsdenia species, M. auricularis is a relative of M. tenacissima. M. balansae and M. officinalis have the closest genetic relationship. CONCLUSION: It is supported by ISSR that the M. auricularis which is sib species of M. tenacissima, and the folk medicine of Marsdenia are worthy deep investigation and study.

[HPLC-ELSD fingerprint of Marsdenia tenacissima from different habitats].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a HPLC-ELSD fingerprint of Marsdenia tenacissima from different habitats, in order to provide a reliable method for scientific assessment and effective quality control. METHOD: HPLC-ELSD was adopted to determine 25 baches of M. tenacissima herbs from different habitats. Traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprint similarity software assessment system 2004 developed by China Pharmacopoeia Committee was adopted to establish a common mode chart and assess chromatographic similarity based on the degree of correlation. RESULT: The common mode for M. tenacissima herb C21 steroidal fingerprint was established, including 11 common characteristic peaks. Among them, 10 were identified. According to the assessment on the similarity of 25 batches of samples, 80% of them showed a similarity of over 0.80 in steroidal HPLC-ELSD fingerprint. CONCLUSION: The method can be used to assess the quality of M. tenacissima.