RESUMEN
Exposure of human immune cells to asbestos causes a reduction in antitumor immunity. The present study aimed to investigate the recovery of reduced antitumor immunity by several ingredients taken as supplements or foods, including trehalose (Treh) and glycosylated hesperidin (gHesp). Peripheral blood CD4+ cells were stimulated with IL2, antiCD3 and antiCD28 antibodies for 3 days, followed by further stimulation with IL2 for 7 days. Subsequently, cells were stimulated with IL2 for an additional 28 days. During the 28 days, cells were cultured in the absence or presence of 50 µg/ml chrysotile asbestos fibers. In addition, cells were treated with 10 mM Treh or 10 µM gHesp. Following culture for 28 days, reverse transcriptionquantitative PCR was performed to assess the expression levels of transcription factors, cytokines and specific genes, including matrix metalloproteinase7 (MMP7), nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) and CXC motif chemokine receptor 3, in unstimulated cells (fresh) and cells stimulated with PMA and ionomycin (stimuli). The results demonstrated that compared with the control group, chrysotileexposure induced alterations in MMP7, NNT and IL17A expression levels were not observed in the 'Treh' and 'gHesp' groups in stimulated cells. The results suggested that Treh and gHesp may reverse asbestos exposureinduced reduced antitumor immunity in T helper cells. However, further investigation is required to confirm the efficacy of future trials involving the use of these compounds with highrisk human populations exposed to asbestos, such as workers involved in asbestoshandling activities.
Asunto(s)
Amianto/efectos adversos , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Hesperidina/farmacología , Mesotelioma Maligno/inmunología , Trehalosa/farmacología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Interleucina-17/inmunología , Masculino , Mesotelioma Maligno/inducido químicamente , Mesotelioma Maligno/prevención & control , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptores CXCR3/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Evidence on survival of malignant mesothelioma (MM) and other rare thoracic cancers is limited due to the rarity of these cancer sites. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of MM incidence and survival after MM and other rare thoracic cancers in Germany and the United States (US). Incidence was estimated from a German National Cancer Database and from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 18 database for 2000-2014. Patients diagnosed in 1997-2013 with malignant epithelial tumors of the trachea (Etra), epithelial tumors of the thymus (Ethy) and MM were extracted from a German cancer survival database and from the SEER 13 database. Period analysis was employed to compute 5-year relative survival (RS). During 2000-2014, an annual average of 0.9 and 0.6 MM cases per 100,000 person-years was diagnosed in Germany and the US. Rates decreased in Germany and in the US. Patients with Ethy had highest 5-year RS with US patients surviving longer (69.1% compared to 63.7%, p = 0.02). Survival after Etra was comparable in both countries (Germany 33.6%, US 34.4%, p = 0.07). Survival in MM patients was poor overall (Germany 11.8%, US 12.1%, p < 0.01). Survival improvements were only observed in MM patients in Germany (10.8% [2002-2007] vs. 13.0% [2008-2013], p < 0.01). The lack of progress in survival for Etra and Ethy patients underlines the need of novel preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. MM incidence significantly decreased in Germany and in the US. Further monitoring of MM incidence is warranted given that a peak in incidence is expected in 2020-2030 in Western countries.
Asunto(s)
Mesotelioma Maligno/epidemiología , Mortalidad/tendencias , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Timo/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Tráquea/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Femenino , Alemania/epidemiología , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo/organización & administración , Mesotelioma Maligno/diagnóstico , Mesotelioma Maligno/prevención & control , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Sistema de Registros/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Análisis de Supervivencia , Neoplasias del Timo/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Timo/prevención & control , Neoplasias de la Tráquea/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Tráquea/prevención & control , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Este es el sitio web central del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (NCI), la dependencia principal del gobierno de los Estados Unidos para la investigación de cáncer. La ley de los Estados Unidos impone en NCI el mandato de diseminar información sobre cáncer y sobre investigación de cáncer. Este sitio web sirve como medio importante para lograr esa mission