Maxillary sinus mucocele in a 20-year-old male: a case report of a rare occurrence / Mucocele de seno maxilar en un varón de 20 años: reporte de un caso de rara ocurrencia

Mucocele of Maxillary sinus is a rare entity comprising 2-10% of all mucoceles and develops due to obstruction of drainage ostium. Here, we present a case of maxillary sinus mucocele in a 20-year-old male who presented with diffuse swelling on the left side of his face. Provisional diagnosis of mucocele was made on a computed tomography scan, which was later confirmed on histopathology. The lesion was managed surgically with uneventful healing at 2 weeks and 3 months follow-up.Mucoceles are often misdiagnosed as cysts or tumours of odontogenic origin on the conventional radiograph. Delay in diagnosis can result in complications due to the expansion of mucocele towards adjacent structures such as the nose and orbit. Therefore, it becomes crucial to diagnose it appropriately with the help of higher imaging modalities so that it can be managed well in time. (AU)

El mucocele del seno maxilar es una entidad rara que comprende el 2-10% de todos los mucoceles y se desarrolla debido a la obstrucción del ostium de drenaje. A continuación, presentamos un caso de mucocele del seno maxilar en un hombre de 20 años que presentó una inflamación difusa en el lado izquierdo de la cara. El diagnóstico provisional de mucocele se realizó en una tomografía computarizada, que luego se confirmó en la histopatología. La lesión se manejó quirúrgicamente con curación sin incidentes a las 2 semanas y 3 meses de seguimiento.Los mucoceles a menudo se diagnostican erróneamente como quistes o tumores de origen odontogénico en la radiografía convencional. El retraso en el diagnóstico puede dar lugar a complicaciones debido a la expansión del mucocele hacia estructuras adyacentes como la nariz y la órbita. Por lo tanto, se vuelve crucial diagnosticarlo adecuadamente con la ayuda de modalidades de imágenes superiores para que pueda manejarse bien a tiempo. (AU)

Clinicopathological features of 214 maxillary sinus pathologies. A ten-year single-centre retrospective clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of maxillary sinus pathology must include the clinical radiological study (CRS) and histopathological analysis. The aim of this study is 1) to describe the clinicopathological features of maxillary sinus lesions, obtained successively in a single medical centre over the last 10 years and 2) to determine the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of malignant lesions based exclusively on the CRS. METHODS: It is a single-centre observational retrospective clinical study on patients who attended the University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) with sinus pathologies during the period of 2009-2019. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 133 men (62.1%) and 81 women (37.9%), with an average age of 46.9 years (SD = 18.8). In terms of frequency, the most frequent pathology was the unspecified sinusitis (44.4%), followed by polyps (18.2%), malignant tumours (9.8%), inverting papilloma (7.5%), fungal sinusitis (4.7%), cysts (3.7%), benign tumours (2.3%), mucocele (2.3%) and other lesions (1.9%). Cysts and benign tumours were diagnosed earliest Vs malignant tumours (65.2 years (SD = 16.1)) were diagnosed the latest (p < 0.001). Based only on the CRS for malignancies, diagnostic indexes were 71.4% sensitivity and 97.9% specificity, with a Kappa value of 0.68 with (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Maxillary sinus pathology is very varied with therapeutic and prognostic repercussions. CRS is sometimes insufficient and histopathological confirmation is essential.

Overview of the Clinical Benefits Using the Different Diode Laser Wavelengths in Treatment of the Mucocele: Clinical Cases Report Review.

Objective: Diode laser has a wide range of wavelengths that may render the absorption effect and interaction with the tissue is different. Based on available evidences, the aim of this review is to critically evaluate the use of different diode laser wavelengths in the treatment of mucocele. Materials and methods: The literature of clinical case studies for the past 8 years has been considered. Literature search and selection, data extraction and methodological quality assessment, data analysis and interpretation, and drafting and revision have been performed. Both authors have read and approved the final article. Results: This review has aimed at detecting the experience on the background and at giving a critical summary of the clinical cases literature. Previous results of controlled clinical case reviews in this field as well as in basic research pointed to a potential of the diode laser in the surgical removal of mucocele. Initial clinical results showed that diode laser surgical therapy positively influences the post-surgical wound healing. All diode laser wavelengths do not show much difference in the acceleration in epithelial regeneration, and the healing of the wound takes some time by all wavelengths. They can reduce the need for anesthesia or wound care and therefore reduce the fear of the patient. Conclusions: The procedure in the most reviewed clinical cases took place within a few minutes and thus required no more time than a conventional surgical intervention with conventional surgical instruments. Since all surgical steps are carried out with the same instrument, there is no need for sutures and only one handpiece is sterilized. Due to the contactless preparation and the lack of vibrations as well as the elimination of the anesthesia, the entire process is much more pleasant for the patient and thus indirectly for the practitioner, because a relaxed patient can simply be better treated.

Long-term survival of dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele by cholecystectomy, medical management, or both.

BACKGROUND: Gallbladder mucoceles (GBM) typically are treated by cholecystectomy. Medical management rarely has been reported and medical and surgical management have not been compared. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To compare survival of dogs treated for GBM by medical management or cholecystectomy or both. ANIMALS: Eighty-nine client-owned dogs diagnosed with GBM that received cholecystectomy or medical treatment or both from 2011 to 2017. METHODS: Potential cases were identified by searching the medical records database. Data collected included signalment, clinicopathologic results, treatments, and ultrasonographic images and reports. Dogs were grouped according to the treatment received (medical management, surgical treatment, or both) that was chosen at the discretion of the attending veterinarian. Survival analysis was performed and prognostic variables identified and compared between treatment groups. RESULTS: Of dogs surviving at least 14 days after diagnosis, median survival times were 1802 (95% confidence interval [CI], 855-not reached) days, 1340 (95% CI, 444-1340) days, and 203 (95% CI, 18-525) days, for the surgical, medical, and medical then surgical treatment groups, respectively, and differed significantly (P < .0001). Gallbladder mucocele type (P = .05), serum alkaline phosphatase activity (P = .0001), and serum creatinine (P = .002) and phosphorus (P = .04) concentrations were associated with decreased survival across groups. Suspicion of biliary rupture on abdominal ultrasound (AUS) examination was correlated with increased survival in the surgical group (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Cholecystectomy for the treatment of GBM results in the best long-term survival in dogs surviving the immediate postoperative period (14 days) compared to medical management. Although medical management is associated with shorter survival compared to surgical treatment, it is a reasonable alternative when surgery cannot be pursued.

Tratamento de mucocele com a técnica de shira: relato de caso / Treatment of mucocele with shira's technique: case report

O termo mucocele pode ser definido como ''cavidade patológica contendo muco'', sendo este conteúdo proveniente das glândulas salivares menores. Enquadrando-se como um processo patológico destas glândulas. A mucocele pode ser caracterizada pelo fenômeno de extravasamento ou de retenção de muco, dando-se o diagnóstico somente através da análise microscópica. Clinicamente apresenta-se como um nódulo indolor, circunscrito, normocrômico ou azulado e flutuante à palpação, localiza-se predominantemente no lábio inferior. A escolha do tratamento partirá da análise de alguns fatores, como o tamanho da lesão, a sua localização, profundidade e a idade do paciente, sendo a excisão cirúrgica juntamente com as glândulas acessórias da lesão a mais indicada. Há várias técnicas para realização de tal procedimento e a técnica de Shira foi a opção para o referido relato de caso. Esta técnica se dá a partir da injeção cuidadosa de material hidrocolóide irreversível (alginato) dentro da lesão previamente esvaziada de seu conteúdo com o objetivo de delimitar a mesma e facilitar a remoção cirúrgica. Utilizar esta técnica reduz as chances de recidiva da lesão, pois com a utilização do alginato a lesão fica bem delimitada facilitando a excisão cirúrgica, mas mesmo com esta técnica deve-se orientar o paciente para a remoção dos fatores etiológicos envolvidos, pois sua permanência acarretará na recidiva da lesão(AU)

The term mucocele can be defined as a 'pathological cavity containing mucus', and this content comes from the minor salivary glands, fitting in as a pathological process of these glands. Mucocele can be characterized by the mucous extravasation or retention phenomena, giving the diagnosis only through microscopic analysis. Clinically it is presented as a painless, circumscribed, normochromic or bluish nodule floating on palpation. It is predominantly located on the lower lip. The choice of treatment will depend on the analysis of some factors, such as the size of the lesion, its location, depth and the age of the patient. Surgical excision together with the accessory glands of the lesion is the most indicated. There are several techniques for performing such a procedure and the Shira technique was the option for this case report. This technique is based on the careful injection of irreversible hydrocolloid material (alginate) into the lesion previously emptied of its mucoid content in order to delimit it and facilitate surgical removal. Using this technique reduces the chances of recurrence of the lesion, because with the use of alginate the lesion is well delimited facilitating surgical excision, but even with this technique the patient should be guided to remove the etiological factors involved, since its permanence will lead to recurrence of the lesion(AU)

Soft Tissue Disorders of the Mouth.

Soft tissue disorders of the mouth encompass a wide expanse of pathophysiology. This article focuses on the identification, etiology, management, and complications of common infectious processes (candidiasis, dental caries, and herpes labialis), inflammatory lesions (sialolithiasis, oral lichen planus, and aphthous ulcer), and benign entities (bony tori and mucocele).

Congenital bilateral dacryocystocele.

INTRODUCTION: Newborns are obligatory nasal breathers. Therefore, nasal obstruction can lead to cyanosis and desaturation. In spite of being very rare, congenital bilateral dacryocystocele is a possible etiology for neonatal respiratory distress. CASE SUMMARY: Case report of a male newborn with respiratory distress caused by a bilateral polypoid and bluish lesion occupying almost the entire inferior nasal meatus. Imaging confirmed bilateral dacryocystocele. Treatment was conservative. There was spontaneous drainage, with relief of respiratory distress. Discussion The diagnosis of congenital dacryocystocele is clinical, although imaging exams may be requested to confirm it. Treatment is controversial, because the natural history is variable. An initial conservative management may be recommended, but, if there is a permanent respiratory obstruction without improvement, surgical management is mandatory.

Mucocele oral provocada por mordida acidental: relato de caso / Oral mucocele caused by accidental bite: case report / Mucocele bucal causada por la mordedura accidental: reporte de caso

Mucocele é definida como fenômeno de retenção ou extravasamento de muco. A mucocele oral é provocada por traumatismos mecânicos, que comprimem e vedam o ducto das glândulas salivares menores, impossibilitando a secreção de saliva, mesmo sua produção continuando a ocorrer, fazendo com que haja aumento de volume da glândula e ducto envolvidos. Existem várias modalidades de tratamento que incluem excisão cirúrgica da lesão, laserterapia, criocirurgia, escleroterapia, micromarsupialização, injeção intralesional de corticosteroide ou agente esclerosante, além da regressão espontânea. A remoção cirúrgica convencional das mucoceles utilizando um bisturi é considerada a opção mais comum e requer a ressecção completa da lesão e glândulas salivares menores associadas para diminuir o risco de recidiva. O presente trabalho relata um caso de excisão cirúrgica de mucocele em mucosa labial inferior causada por mordida acidental, realizada em paciente atendido na clínica de Odontologia do Centro de Saúde Odontominas, Patos/PB. Diante disso, discute sobre o diagnóstico e as diferentes terapias (cirúrgicas e não cirúrgicas) para o tratamento de mucocele. Após a remoção cirúrgica da lesão, os resultados se mostraram satisfatórios, com pós-operatório indolor, sem edema ou quaisquer outras queixas por parte do paciente. Não houveram recidivas ou aparecimento de novas lesões. A remoção completa da mucocele e glândulas salivares acessórias, bem como a ausência de recidivas, caracterizou o sucesso na abordagem do caso(AU)

Mucocele is defined as a phenomenon of retention or extravasation of mucus. The oral mucocele is caused by mechanical trauma, which compress and seal the duct of the minor salivary glands, preventing the secretion of saliva, even their production while continuing to occur, so that there is an increase of volume of the gland and ductus involved. There are several treatment modalities which include surgical excision of the lesion, laser therapy, cryosurgery, sclerotherapy, micromarsupialização, intralesional injection of corticosteroids or sclerosing agent, besides spontaneous regression. The conventional surgical removal of mucoceles using a scalpel is considered the most common option and requires a complete resection of the lesion and minor salivary glands associated to decrease the risk of recurrence. The present study reports a case of surgical excision of salivary mucocele in lower labial mucosa caused by accidental bite, held in patient in the clinic of Dentistry of the Centro de Saúde Odontominas, Patos/PB. In addition, discusses the diagnosis and the different therapies (surgical and non surgical procedures) for the treatment of mucoceles. After the surgical removal of the lesion, the results were satisfactory, with post-operative pain, without edema or any other complaints on the part of the patient. There were no recurrences or appearance of new lesions. The complete removal of the mucocele and ancillary salivary glands, as well as the absence of relapse characterized the success in the approach of the case(AU)

Mucocele es definido como un fenómeno de retención o extravasación de moco. El mucocele oral es causado por el trauma mecánico, que comprimir y sellar el conducto de las glándulas salivales menores, evitando la secreción de saliva, incluso su producción mientras continúa produciéndose, por lo que hay un aumento de volumen de la glándula y el ductus involucrados. Existen varias modalidades de tratamiento que incluyen la escisión quirúrgica de la lesión, la terapia con láser, la criocirugía, la escleroterapia micromarsupialização, inyección intralesional de corticoides o agente esclerosante, además de la regresión espontánea. La extirpación quirúrgica convencional de los mucoceles utilizando un escalpelo es considerada la opción más común y requiere una resección completa de la lesión y de glándulas salivales menores asociados a disminuir el riesgo de recurrencia. El presente estudio se reporta un caso de escisión quirúrgica del mucocele salival en la mucosa labial inferior causada por la picadura accidental, celebrada en pacientes en la clínica de Odontología del Centro de Saúde Odontominas, Patos/PB. Además, discute el diagnóstico y las diferentes terapias (procedimientos quirúrgicos y no quirúrgicos) para el tratamiento de los mucoceles. Después de la extirpación quirúrgica de la lesión, los resultados fueron satisfactorios, con dolor post-operatorio, sin edema o cualquier otras quejas por parte de la paciente. No hubo recidivas o la aparición de nuevas lesiones. La extracción completa del mucocele y glándulas salivares accesorias, así como la ausencia de recidiva caracteriza el éxito en el método del caso(AU)

The efficacy of polidocanol sclerotherapy in mucocele of the minor salivary gland.

OBJECTIVES: Mucocele of the minor salivary gland is usually caused when the duct is injured, mucus leaks into the tissue space and the mucous gland are obstructed, which lead to cystic lesion formation and dilatation. Currently, there are multiple therapeutic methods available with various outcomes. This study aims to provide clinical evidence of polidocanol sclerotherapy for the treatment of mucocele of the minor salivary gland. METHODS: In this study, we injected polidocanol into 112 patients who were diagnosed with mucocele of the minor salivary gland and evaluated the treatment efficacy and safety systematically. RESULTS: Of the 122 cases, 102 cases were cured, eight cases showed remarkable remission, and two cases had partial remission. No recurrence was found during follow-up, and none of the cases showed an invalid effect, resulting in a total cure rate of 91.07%. No severe side effects were observed during treatment or the follow-up period. No significant difference in efficacy between different genders was found (P = 0.490). Polidocanol sclerotherapy for mucocele on the lower lip was more effective compared to mucocele on the inferior surface of the lingual apex (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: Polidocanol sclerotherapy showed satisfying curative effects for mucocele of the minor salivary gland without causing side effects of anesthesia, trauma, or severe pain.

Multiple superficial oral mucoceles after Mycoplasma-induced mucositis.

Oral mucoceles are lesions arising mainly from the minor salivary glands and are thought to occur after excretory duct trauma. We report a case of multiple superficial oral mucoceles on a child's labial mucosa after Mycoplasma pneumoniae mucositis. Mucoceles can mimic persistent or recurrent stomatitis and lead to potential errors in management.

Oral cysticercosis in the paediatric patient: report of six cases / Cisticercosis oral en el paciente pediátrico: informe de seis casos

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Propuesta de estadificación de las lesiones inflamatorias de la región frontal / Proposal for staging of inflammatory lesions in the frontal region

El aumento de volumen en la región frontal puede deberse a múltiples etiologías, dentro de las cuales deben considerarse: mucocele, tumor de Pott-Puffy, lesiones fibro-óseas, tumores de nariz y senos paranasales, lesiones intracraneales y metástasis. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el protocolo clínico empleado en los pacientes que se presentaron con aumento de volumen frontal y una propuesta de estadificación de las lesiones inflamatorias. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional. Se encontraron 7 casos con aumento de volumen en la región frontal: 4 casos secundarios a enfermedad inflamatoria (3 casos tumor de Pott-Puffy, un mucocele frontal) y 3 por neoplasia (un caso benigno y 2 malignos). Es muy importante considerar, entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de aumento de volumen en la región frontal, enfermedades inflamatorias que pueden representar una complicación grave de infecciones nasosinusales o neoplasias malignas avanzadas. Se propone un sistema de estadificación de las lesiones inflamatorias frontales (AU)

Frontal swelling can be due to multiple etiologies, including: mucocele, Pott's puffy tumor, fibro osseous lesions, benign and malignant neoplasms of the nose and paranasal sinuses, intracranial lesions, and metastasis. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical protocol used for the diagnosis of patients presented with frontal swelling and the proposal for staging of inflammatory lesions. We performed an observational retrospective analysis. We found 7 cases of patients with frontal swelling: 4 cases secondary to inflammatory pathology (3 Potts puffy tumors and one frontal mucocele), and 3 cases secondary to neoplasms (one benign and 2 malignant neoplasms). It's very important to consider the wide differential diagnosis that can present as frontal swelling, from inflammatory pathologies secondary to possible advanced infections of the paranasal sinuses to invasive malignant neoplasms. We propose a system of staging of frontal inflammatory lesions (AU)

The Application of Absolute Ethanol in the Treatment of Mucocele of the Glands of Blandin-Nuhn.

Mucocele of the anterior lingual salivary glands is a more common cystic lesion, especially in patients aged less than 20 years. The study is aimed to observe the effect of treatment by injection of absolute ethanol instead of surgery. Fourteen outpatients diagnosed as mucocele of the glands of Blandin-Nuhn were selected. These patients, after blood investigation, were treated by injection of absolute ethanol into a mucous cavity of lesion under superficial anesthesia with 2% lidocaine once a week and followed up from 3 months to 2 years. Mucocele of the glands of Blandin-Nuhn was extirpated in all patients after 1 to 3 injections. There were no other complications except slight distending pain occurred on the same day when the patients were treated. The recurrence was not observed during the follow-up period. In conclusion, the study suggests that injection of absolute ethanol may be an alternative means for treating mucocele of the glands of Blandin-Nuhn, because it is mininvasive, safe, effective, economic, and simply manipulated compared with surgical treatment.

Experiencia en el tratamiento de los mucoceles en atención primaria / Experience in treating mucoceles in primary care

En los últimos años en la consulta de atención primaria hemos tratado múltiples casos de mucocele, lesión benigna, relativamente frecuente (2,5/1.000), que se origina por una retención mucosa a nivel de las glándulas salivales menores en la cavidad oral, principalmente a nivel del labio inferior. En este artículo exponemos nuestra experiencia en su tratamiento y realizamos una revisión de la bibliografía para ver si nuestro tratamiento era el correcto (AU)

Several cases of mucocele have been treated in our Primary Health Care centre. These are benign lesions, relatively frequent (2.5/1000), which is caused by a retention of mucous from the minor salivary glands into the oral cavity, mainly at the level of the lower lip. The experience in their treatment in this centre is presented, along with a review of the literature to see if our treatment was correct (AU)

Mucocele con expansión orbitaria / Mucocele with orbital expansion

El mucocele es una lesión quística benigna, que se desarrolla en el interior de los senos perinasales por la obstrucción de su drenaje natural en el curso de los procesos inflamatorios, traumas y cirugías. Se presentan tres casos con mucocele frontoetmoidal y expansión intraorbitaria, los cuales fueron atendidos en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras entre los meses de febrero a diciembre del a±o 2013. El propósito del presente estudio es el análisis de los resultados terapéuticos obtenidos y determinar la posible influencia de la vía de abordaje utilizada sobre la efectividad terapéutica y la recidiva tumoral en cada uno de estos pacientes(AU)

Mucocele is a benign cystic lesion that emerges inside the perinasal sinuses due to the obstruction of their natural drainage in inflammatory processes, traumas and surgeries. Here are three cases with frontoethmoidal mucocele and intraorbital expansion, which were treated at "Hermanos Ameijeiras" hospital from February to December, 2013. The objective of this study was to analyze the therapeutic results and to determine the possible influence of the approach path on the therapeutic effectiveness and the tumor recurrence in each of the patients(AU)