Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Nectria/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Japón , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Nectria/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiología del SueloRESUMEN
A new species with remarkable morphology, Nectria eustromatica, is described, based on morphology of the teleomorph and anamorph, ecology and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Nectria eustromatica is characterized by sphaeroid perithecia immersed in pseudoparenchymatous stromata formed singly or collectively on a subiculum. Despite its deviating teleomorph morphology, it is placed within Nectria sensu stricto in phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset of LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tef1 sequences with high internal support. Nectria eustromatica has been collected specifically on Hippocrepis (Coronilla) emerus in southern Europe. The anamorph of N. eustromatica shares morphological traits with the genera Stilbella and Tubercularia but produces non-phialidic macroconidia in addition to phialoconidia.
Asunto(s)
Nectria/clasificación , Secuencia de Bases , ADN de Hongos/química , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/química , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Europa (Continente) , Microscopía de Interferencia , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Nectria/genética , Nectria/aislamiento & purificación , Nectria/ultraestructura , Factor 1 de Elongación Peptídica/química , Factor 1 de Elongación Peptídica/genética , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Polimerasa II/química , ARN Polimerasa II/genética , ARN Ribosómico 5.8S/química , ARN Ribosómico 5.8S/genética , Alineación de Secuencia , Esporas Fúngicas/genética , Esporas Fúngicas/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
We used 454 sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region to characterize fungal communities in tallgrass prairie soils subdivided into strata 0-10, 10-20, 30-40 and 50-60 cm deep. The dataset included more than 14000 fungal sequences distributed across Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, basal fungal lineages and Glomeromycota in order of decreasing frequency. As expected the community richness and diversity estimators tended to decrease with increasing depth. Although species richness was significantly reduced for samples from the deeper profiles, even the deepest stratum sampled contained richness of more than a third of that in the topmost stratum. More importantly, nonparametric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination analyses indicated that the fungal communities differed across vertical profiles, although only the topmost and deepest strata were significantly different when the NMS axis scores were compared by ANOVA. These results emphasize the importance of considering the fungal communities across the vertical strata because the deeper soil horizons might maintain a distinct community composition and thus contribute greatly to overall richness. The majority of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) declined in frequency with increasing depth, although a linear regression analysis indicated that some increased with increasing depth. The OTUs and BLAST-assigned taxa that showed increasing frequencies were mainly unculturable fungi, but some showed likely affinities to families Nectriaceae and Venturiaceae or to genus Pachnocybe. Although the ecological roles of the fungi in the deeper strata remain uncertain, we hypothesize that the fungi with preferences for deeper soil have adequate access to substrates and possess environmental tolerances that enable their persistence in those environments.
