RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Disparities in oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer based on race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status have been reported, but the impact of living within areas that are persistently poor at the time of diagnosis and outcome is unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether the incidence, 5-year relative survival, stage at diagnosis, and mortality among patients with oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers varied by persistent poverty. METHODS: Data were drawn from the SEER database (2006-2017) and included individuals diagnosed with oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers. Persistent poverty (at census tract) is defined as areas where ≥ 20% of the population has lived below the poverty level for ~ 30 years. Age-adjusted incidence and 5-year survival rates were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between persistent poverty and advanced stage cancer. Cumulative incidence and multivariable subdistribution hazard models were used to evaluate mortality risk. In addition, results were stratified by cancer primary site, sex, race/ethnicity, and rurality. RESULTS: Of the 90,631 patients included in the analysis (61.7% < 65 years old, 71.6% males), 8.8% lived in persistent poverty. Compared to non-persistent poverty, patients in persistent poverty had higher incidence and lower 5-year survival rates. Throughout 10 years, the cumulative incidence of cancer death was greater in patients from persistent poverty and were more likely to present with advanced-stage cancer and higher mortality risk. In the stratified analysis by primary site, patients in persistent poverty with oropharyngeal, oral cavity, and nasopharyngeal cancers had an increased risk of mortality compared to the patients in non-persistent poverty. CONCLUSION: This study found an association between oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer outcomes among patients in persistent poverty indicating a multidimensional strategy to improve survival.
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Neoplasias de la Boca , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Pobreza , Programa de VERF , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Faríngeas/mortalidad , Incidencia , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Boca/mortalidad , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Tasa de Supervivencia , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto , Disparidades en el Estado de SaludRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cancers of the head and neck (HN) are heterogeneous tumors with incidence rates varying globally. In Northern Europe oral and oropharyngeal cancers are the most common individual types. Survival for HN varies by individual tumor type but for most of them survival trends are not well known over extended periods of time. METHODS: Data for a retrospective survival study were obtained for Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish patients from the NORDCAN database from 1971 to 2020. Relative 1- and 5-year survival rates and 5/1-year conditional survival for years 2-5 were calculated. RESULTS: Both 1- and 5-year survival improved for all HN cancers but only marginally for laryngeal cancer. For the other cancers a 50-year increase in 5-year survival was about 30% units for nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancers, 20% units for oral cancer and somewhat less for hypopharyngeal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: 5-year survival reached about 65% for all HN cancers, except for hypopharyngeal cancer (30%). Human papilloma virus infection is becoming a dominant risk factor for the rapidly increasing oropharyngeal cancer, the prevention of which needs to emphasize oral sex as a route of infection.
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Neoplasias Laríngeas , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Humanos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Laríngeas/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Faríngeas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tasa de Supervivencia , Neoplasias de la Boca/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Países Escandinavos y Nórdicos/epidemiología , Anciano , Incidencia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Importance: Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning. Objective: To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates. Evidence Review: The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019. Findings: In 2019, 370â¯000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338â¯000-401â¯000) cases and 199â¯000 (95% UI, 181â¯000-217â¯000) deaths for LOC and 167â¯000 (95% UI, 153â¯000-180â¯000) cases and 114â¯000 (95% UI, 103â¯000-126â¯000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia. Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts.
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Carga Global de Enfermedades , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Salud Global , Incidencia , Labio , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Factores de Riesgo , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lip, oral and pharyngeal cancers make up a small percentage of total cancer cases worldwide and have reported lower rates of cancer-related deaths globally in 2020, but their 5-year survival rate in either early or advanced stages is different. The study evaluated the global incidence, mortality, risk factors, and temporal trends by age, gender, and geographical locations of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancer. METHODS: Incidence and mortality rates were extracted from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) volumes I-XI, the Nordic Cancer Registries (NORDCAN), the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, and the WHO IARC mortality database. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the Average Annual Percentage Change to examine trends. RESULTS: The highest incidence rates were found in Melanesia and South-Central Asia and mortality rates were 8.2 and 7.5. Risk factors associated with incidence and mortality included HDI, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, poor diet, and chronic health conditions such as hypertension. Increasing trends of incidence and mortality were observed in females from Malta; males aged 50 and above from the United Kingdom, and females aged 50 and above from Slovakia reporting the largest increase. CONCLUSIONS: Although global incidence and mortality trends reported an overall decrease, significant increases were found for older age groups and female subjects. Incidence increase may be due to the growing prevalence of lifestyle, metabolic risk factors, and HPV infections, especially in developed countries.
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Labio , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Faríngeas/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Incidencia , Costo de Enfermedad , Sistema de Registros , Salud GlobalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: As human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) oral cavity and pharynx cancer (OCPC) incidence increases significantly, our objective was to determine whether selected sociodemographic and clinical factors were associated with HPV+ OCPCs overall and by oropharyngeal and non-oropharyngeal sites. METHODS: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program data were used in this study. Specifically, univariate and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between HPV+ and HPV- OCPC cases and age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status, factors of neighborhood socioeconomic status (i.e., nSES/Yost index) and rurality/urbanity, first malignancy status, histology, reporting source, stage at diagnosis, and OCPC anatomic site. The same approach was used to identify risk factors for HPV positivity for oropharyngeal and non-oropharyngeal OCPCs separately. RESULTS: In all OCPCs, cases that were male, <80 years old, lived in the four highest nSES categories, diagnosed with a non-"gum and other mouth" OCPC (ref = hypopharynx), not locally staged at diagnosis, and a first malignancy had higher odds of being HPV+. Cases that were American Indian/Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander (ref = White), Spanish-Hispanic-Latino ethnicity, non-married/partnered, and not reported by a hospital/clinic had lower odds of being HPV+. Associations were maintained in oropharyngeal OCPCs and only age and race remained significant for non-oropharyngeal OCPCs. CONCLUSIONS: Sociodemographic and clinical differences in HPV+ and HPV- OCPC, overall and for (non)oropharyngeal, cases exist. IMPACT: Identification of OCPC and (non)oropharyngeal risk factors for HPV positivity may assist in discovering high-risk groups that should receive enhanced public health efforts to reduce the U.S. OCPC burden.
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Neoplasias de la Boca , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Humanos , Masculino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Neoplasias Faríngeas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Incidencia , Programa de VERFRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to establish cellular immunity in clean-up workers of the Chornobyl accident compared to patients with malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity, oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx according to the subpopulation organization of peripheral blood leukocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 112 males, age (56,92 ± 6,17) years (M ± SD), including 26 male clean-up workers exposed at the radiation dose 10-500 mSv; 20 male clean-up workers exposed at the dose range 504-990mSv; 33 patients with malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity, oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx and 33 non-exposed subjects of the control group. Immune cell subsets analysis was performed by the expression of differential and activation antigens of peripheral blood leukocytes using flow cytometry. RESULTS: In assessing each group's cellular immunity, there was a decrease in the number of CD19+ B-lymphocytes, CD3+ HLA-DR+ T- and CD3- HLA-DR+ B-lymphocytes, CD3- 16+ 56+ natural killer cells, combined with an increase in the number of CD8+ T-lymphocytes. An increase in the relative number of CD4+ CD8+ T-lymphocytes was determined in clean-up workers (D < 500 mSv) and cancer patients. An increase in the number of CD8+ T-lymphocytes and a decrease in the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes were observed in clean-up workers (D > 500 mSv), as well as in cancer patients. In addition, a decrease of monocytes, CD3+ 16+ 56+ , and CD3+ TCRαß+ T-lymphocytes was determined in patients with oncological pathology. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results show the unidirectionality of changes in cellular immunity in the participants of the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant and patients with the investigated oncological pathology, which indicates the formation of persistent violations of antitumor protection in the participants of the liquidation of the consequences of the accident as the basis of oncogenesis. Determining changes in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, CD4+ T-lymphocytes, CD4+ CD8+ immature T-lymphocytes, the immunoregulatory ratio CD4+ / CD8+, CD3+TCRαß+ T-lymphocytes and CD3+ 16+ 56+ CTL can have an additional effect on the effectiveness antitumor protection and the probability of oncogenesis risk in immunocompromised individuals.
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Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Inmunidad Celular , Neoplasias de la Boca , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Humanos , Masculino , Carcinogénesis , Antígenos HLA-DR , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Faringe , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
This article summarizes the results of a retrospective population-based cohort study using the statistical database of SEER*Stat 8.3.54 (produced 3/5/2018 for diagnosis years 1973-2014) to assess, determine, compare, and summarize the occurrence, long-term survival, and mortality indices of 218,066 patients with oral cavity and pharynx cancers by age, sex, race, stage, grade, and disease duration.
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Neoplasias Faríngeas , Faringe , Humanos , Estudios de Cohortes , Programa de VERF , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Faríngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , BocaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pharynx and larynx cancers (PLCs) are the top killer cancers in head and neck and significantly affect the quality of life of patients. A detailed study examining the disease burden and risk factors of PLCs is lacking. METHODS: Data on mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of the age-standardized mortality rate was calculated using a generalized linear model with a Gaussian distribution. Mortality and DALYs were stratified according to the sociodemographic index (SDI), age, gender, and risk factors. The association between the SDI and mortality rate was measured using Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2019, the total number of deaths due to PLCs increased by 60.7% (95% confidence intervals: 39.32 to 66.8), from 192.38 thousand in 1990 to 309.16 thousand in 2019, and the total DALYs due to PLCs increased by 49.41% (95% confidence intervals: 30.15 to 53.27), from 5.91 million in 1990 to 8.83 million in 2019. The age-standardized mortality rate declined for larynx cancer (from 2.19 in 1990 to 1.49 in 2019) and nasopharynx cancer (1.26 to 0.86) but increased slightly for other pharynx cancer (1.25 to 1.37). The death number of PLCs was significantly higher in men aged 50 to 70 years, which accounts for 46.05% and 43.83% of the total deaths in 1990 and 2019, respectively. Low and low-middle countries had the greatest age-standardized mortality rate for larynx and other pharynx cancer, while low-middle and middle countries dominated for nasopharynx cancer. The leading risk factors for PLCs were smoking and alcohol use, which account for 37.92% and 58.84% in total DALYs rate of PLCs, and the influence of risk factors was significant in men. CONCLUSION: The total number of deaths and DALYs due to PLCs increased from 1990 to 2019. Countries with relatively low SDI and middle-aged and older men had the greatest burden of PLCs. Building better health care systems in relatively low SDI countries and improving strategies of smoking and alcohol control should be a priority in health policy.
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Neoplasias Laríngeas , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humanos , Anciano , Faringe , Calidad de Vida , Carga Global de Enfermedades , Costo de Enfermedad , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Changes in the epidemiology of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal (LOCP) cancers have been reported in the United States. This study aimed to examine recent trends in LOCP cancer mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2019. METHODS: National mortality data were extracted from CDC WONDER, 1999-2019. International Classification of Diseases Codes, 10th Revision-C00-C14, were used to identify decedents of malignant neoplasms of the lip, oral cavity, and pharynx. LOCP cancer mortality trends were assessed by fitting a Joinpoint regression model overall, and by race/ethnicity, sex, age, and US Census Region. Annual Percentage Changes (APC) were derived to estimate variations in mortality trends over time. RESULTS: The age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) for LOCP cancers was 2.5 per 100 000 (95% CI: 2.5-2.5), equivalent to 180 532 deaths during 1999-2019. Overall mortality trends have stabilized since 2009 (APC = 0.3; 95% CI: -0.1, 0.7), but an examination by subtype revealed rising mortality trends from cancers of the lip and oral cavity (APC = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.7, 1.6) and pharynx (APC = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.7, 4.8), and declining trends in malignancies of other and ill-defined areas of the lip, oral cavity, and pharynx (APC = -2.7; 95% CI: -3.4, -2.0). Trend variations were also noted by sex, age, US Census Region, and race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: There are differential trends in mortality from LOCP cancers in the United States. Investigating the biological, individual, and contextual factors related to LOCP cancers would guide effective public health intervention efforts.
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Labio , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Humanos , Incidencia , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Faringe , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Background-The recent burden of lip and oral cavity, nasopharynx and other pharynx cancer (LOCP) has not been specifically investigated in Europe. Methods-In this descriptive epidemiological study, LOCP was categorised into lip and oral cavity cancer, nasopharynx cancer and other pharynx cancer, with European trends documented using the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Summary statistics included deaths, age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR), mortality rates, YLLs (years of life lost), YLDs (years of life lived with disability) and DALYS (disability-adjusted life years). Results-Lip and oral cavity cancer (LO) is the most dominant with the incidence decreasing from 6.2 new cases per 100,000 (95% UI: 6.1-6.4) in 1990 to 5.3 new cases per 100,000 (95% UI: 4.6-6.1). However, nasopharynx cancer (NP) and other pharynx cancer (OP) increased from 1 and 2.2 new cases per 100,000 in 1990 to 1.1 and 3.3 new cases per 100,000 in 2019, respectively. It was noted that LOCP YLLs is much higher than YLDs. In Europe, eastern European countries, specifically Hungary, have the highest burden of LOCP. When LOCP attributable to tobacco in Ireland was compared with the EU, the percentage decrease in OP DALYs attributable to tobacco is below the EU average, whereas the percentage decrease in LO attributable to tobacco in Ireland was above the EU average. Conclusions-There has been a significant increase in ASIR in categories other pharynx and nasopharynx cancer since 1990, with significant geographic variations.
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Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Unión Europea , Carga Global de Enfermedades , Salud Global , Humanos , Labio , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Faringe , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx encompass a heterogeneous group of cancers for which known risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection but their influence is site-specific with HPV mainly influencing oropharyngeal cancer. Their incidence and survival rates are not well known over extended periods of time. PATIENTS/METHODS: Data were obtained for Finnish (FI) and Swedish (SE) patients from the Nordcan database recently updated through 2019. Age-adjusted incidence trends (FI from 1953, SE from 1960) and relative survival rates for years 1970 through 2019 were calculated. RESULTS: We observed a prominent increase in oral and oropharyngeal cancers in FI and SE men and women but the trend for oral cancer was interrupted for SE men in 1985 and possibly also for FI and SE women in 2015. The trend changes in male and female oral cancer was confirmed in data for Denmark and Norway. Relative survival for these cancers has improved overall but they differed for one cluster of oral, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancers with 60-70% 5-year survival in the last period and hypopharyngeal cancer with 25% male survival. In all these cancers, survival for old patients was unfavorable. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that reduction in smoking prevalence helped to stop the increase in oral cancer especially in men. As the prevalence of smoking is decreasing, HPV is becoming a dominant risk factor, particularly for the increasing oropharyngeal cancer. Prevention needs to emphasize sexual hygiene and HPV vaccination.
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Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Anciano , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Femenino , Finlandia/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/etiología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/etiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Neoplasias Faríngeas/etiología , Sistema de Registros , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiología , Suecia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Evidence from observational studies shows that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD)] is a risk factor to Oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OC&PC) [comprising Oral cavity cancer (OCC) and Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC)], but it is unclear whether these diseases have potential causality. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the causal relationship between IBD and OC&PC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mendelian randomized (MR) study was performed to estimate the causal relationship between IBD and OC&PC. RESULTS: The potential causal relationship was statistically significant between IBD and OCC (OR = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.27, p = .02), UC and OCC (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.27, p = .03), respectively. There was a universal null effect of IBD on OC&PC (IBD: OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.93-1.10, p = .74; UC: OR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.92-1.10, p = .94; CD: OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.94-1.09, p = .69), and IBD on OPC (IBD: OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.81-1.06, p = 0.26; UC: OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.79-1.03, p = .12; CD: OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.94-1.15, p = .44). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: MR analyses support new evidence indicating there may be a positive causal effect of IBD (including UC) on OCC. Further investigation of the potential biological mechanisms is necessary.
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Colitis Ulcerosa , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Neoplasias de la Boca , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Colitis Ulcerosa/complicaciones , Colitis Ulcerosa/genética , Humanos , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/complicaciones , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/genética , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Faríngeas/genéticaRESUMEN
Objective: To explore the association of spicy food consumption and risk of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers (LOCPs) in Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the baseline survey and long-term follow-up of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study, Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for associations between spicy food consumption and LOCPs incidence. Results: Of the 510 145 participants included at baseline, 30.1% reported daily spicy food consumption. During a mean follow-up of 10.8 (2.0) years, we documented 767 LOCPs cases. Multivariate adjusted analyses showed that the risk of LOCPs incidence decreased with the frequency of spicy food intake (trend P=0.003), with HR of 0.69 (95%CI:0.54-0.88) for daily spicy food consumers, compared with never or occasional consumers. Participants who preferred moderate pungency degrees had the lowest risk of LOCPs, with a 33%[0.67(95%CI:0.52-0.87)] reduced risk compared to those who consumed spicy food less than once per week. The later the starting age, the lower the risk (trend P=0.004). Those who started eating spicy food after 18 years old had the lowest risk of LOCPs incidence, with adjusted HR (95%CI) of 0.70(0.54-0.92). Conclusions: Spicy food intake might be associated with a decreased risk of LOCPs incidence. Such association was independent of healthy lifestyles. Advocating moderate-pungency spicy food consumption and healthy lifestyles might help prevent LOCPs.
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Labio , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Adolescente , Adulto , China/epidemiología , Humanos , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , EspeciasRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Cancers are the second main cause of morbidity worldwide, but robust information on lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers in Brazil is lacking. This study aimed to analyze the trends of incidence and mortality caused by lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers and age-period-cohort effects in the Brazilian population of 30 years of age and over, in the period of 1990 to 2019. METHODS: A time series study of the incidence and mortality rates for oral cavity and pharynx cancer ("Lip and oral cavity cancer", "Nasopharynx cancer", and "Other pharynx cancer") was conducted, with corrected data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. Age-standardized rates per 100,000 inhabitants, for the global population, were gathered according to the individuals' sex. The annual average percentage change (AAPC) was estimated, as was the age-period-cohort effects. RESULTS: The incidence and mortality rates were higher for men in the studied anatomical regions. The cancers tended to decrease for men, except for nasopharynx cancer, which increased in individuals of both sexes. Mortality tended to present a decline in most of the groups studied. For men and women, the age-period-cohort model presented a better adjustment for both incidence and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence and mortality caused by the main head and neck cancers showed a tendency to decline over the past 30 years in Brazil, except for nasopharynx cancer, which showed an increase in incidence and mortality in some segments of the population. Higher rates were found for lip and oral cavity cancers in men.
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Carga Global de Enfermedades , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Labio , Masculino , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Alcohol and tobacco are the major risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer, but diet is likely to have a role, too. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to analyze the relationship between adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), and oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. Moreover, this work aimed to quantify the number of avoidable cases under different scenarios of increased adherence to the DGA, with the use of the potential impact fraction. This estimates the proportion of cases that would occur if the distribution of the risk factor in the population followed an alternative distribution. DESIGN: A multicenter, case-control study was conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2009. Participants' usual diet for the 2 years preceding study enrolment was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Cases were 946 patients admitted to major hospitals with incident, histologically confirmed oral and pharyngeal cancer. Controls were 2,492 patients admitted to the same hospitals for acute non neoplastic conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The adherence to the DGA was assessed using the HEI-2015 score (range = 0 to 100), based on 13 components. The outcome was oral and pharyngeal cancer. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Odds ratios and the corresponding 95% CIs were estimated using multiple logistic regression models adjusted for tobacco, alcohol, and other relevant covariates. The potential impact fraction was estimated under different scenarios of adherence to the DGA. RESULTS: In this Italian population the HEI-2015 score ranged from 33.4 to 97.5. A higher HEI-2015 score was associated with a lower risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer, with an odds ratio of 0.70 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.79) for a 10-point increment of the score. The estimated potential impact fraction was 64.8% under the maximum achievable reduction scenario, and it ranged from 9% to 27% following other more feasible scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: The HEI-2015 score was inversely related to oral and pharyngeal cancer risk in this Italian population. This analysis allowed for the estimation of the fraction of preventable cases, under different feasible scenarios. A share of 9% to 27% of avoidable cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer might be obtained across real-world scenarios of adherence to the DGA as measured by the HEI-2015 score.
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Dieta Saludable , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Dieta , Humanos , Política Nutricional , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Faríngeas/etiologíaRESUMEN
Objective: To explore the association of spicy food consumption and risk of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers (LOCPs) in Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the baseline survey and long-term follow-up of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study, Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for associations between spicy food consumption and LOCPs incidence. Results: Of the 510 145 participants included at baseline, 30.1% reported daily spicy food consumption. During a mean follow-up of 10.8 (2.0) years, we documented 767 LOCPs cases. Multivariate adjusted analyses showed that the risk of LOCPs incidence decreased with the frequency of spicy food intake (trend P=0.003), with HR of 0.69 (95%CI:0.54-0.88) for daily spicy food consumers, compared with never or occasional consumers. Participants who preferred moderate pungency degrees had the lowest risk of LOCPs, with a 33%[0.67(95%CI:0.52-0.87)] reduced risk compared to those who consumed spicy food less than once per week. The later the starting age, the lower the risk (trend P=0.004). Those who started eating spicy food after 18 years old had the lowest risk of LOCPs incidence, with adjusted HR (95%CI) of 0.70(0.54-0.92). Conclusions: Spicy food intake might be associated with a decreased risk of LOCPs incidence. Such association was independent of healthy lifestyles. Advocating moderate-pungency spicy food consumption and healthy lifestyles might help prevent LOCPs.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , China/epidemiología , Labio , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , EspeciasRESUMEN
The distribution of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx (LOCP) cancer mortality rates in small domains (defined as the combination of province, age group, and gender) remains unknown in Spain. As many of the LOCP risk factors are preventable, specific prevention programmes could be implemented but this requires a clear specification of the target population. This paper provides an in-depth description of LOCP mortality rates by province, age group and gender, giving a complete overview of the disease. This study also presents a methodological challenge. As the number of LOCP cancer cases in small domains (province, age groups and gender) is scarce, univariate spatial models do not provide reliable results or are even impossible to fit. In view of the close link between LOCP and lung cancer, we consider analyzing them jointly by using shared component models. These models allow information-borrowing among diseases, ultimately providing the analysis of cancer sites with few cases at a very disaggregated level. Results show that males have higher mortality rates than females and these rates increase with age. Regions located in the north of Spain show the highest LOCP cancer mortality rates.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Algoritmos , Femenino , Geografía Médica , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/epidemiología , Humanos , Neoplasias de los Labios/epidemiología , Neoplasias de los Labios/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiología , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Boca/mortalidad , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Faríngeas/mortalidad , Vigilancia de la Población , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiología , Análisis EspacialRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of oral cavity and pharynx (OCP) cancer among service members in the active component military (i.e., Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps) from 2007 through 2019, and to provide an overview of the rates and trends throughout this period. There were 443 cases of oral cavity and pharynx cancer in the active component during those 13 years. The overall male incidence rate (2.7 per 100,000 service members) was greater than the female incidence rate (1.3 per 100,000 service members). Service members 40 years or older had the highest overall incidence rate (11.3 per 100,000 service members) which was 3.4 times the next highest rate (3.3 per 100,000 service members) observed among those aged 35-39. The Army had the greatest number of cases (n=201) followed by the Air Force (n=103), Navy (n=102), and Marine Corps (n=37). The Army had the highest overall 13-year incidence rate (3.0 per 100,000 service members) when compared to the Air Force (2.4 per 100,000 service members), Navy (2.4 per 100,000 service members), and Marine Corps (1.5 per 100,000 service members). By anatomical location, cancer of the parotid gland accounted for the highest percentage of cases (16.3%).
Asunto(s)
Personal Militar , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Boca , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Vigilancia de la Población , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Labio , Neoplasias Faríngeas , Factores de Edad , Humanos , Incidencia , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers (ICD-10: C00-C14) describe a heterogeneous group of tumors with strong variations in incidence, mortality, and survival by entity. OBJECTIVES: This work provides a detailed overview of epidemiologic measures for these tumor entities, taking into account heterogeneity in age, sex, location, and stage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Incidence and mortality data for Germany for the years 1999-2016 were extracted from the interactive database of the Center for Cancer Registry Data (ZfKD). Age and stage distributions and five-year relative survival were calculated on the pooled ZfKD data set (diagnosis years 1999-2017). RESULTS: In 2016, overall incidence and mortality for all entities were 17.6 and 7.0 per 100,000 men and 6.5 and 1.8 per 100,000 women, respectively. The five-year relative survival in 2015-2017 was 53 and 63%, respectively. There were marked differences in survival as well as age and stage distributions between entities. Trend analyses showed an increase in age at diagnosis, particularly in male patients, and no change in stage distributions. However, five-year relative survival increased from 45% (men) and 59% (women) in 1999-2002 to 52% and 63% in 2013-2017. CONCLUSION: The marked heterogeneity of the studied tumors highlights the need to differentiate the analysis by sex and entity for meaningful interpretation of epidemiologic metrics. With the expansion of clinical cancer registration in Germany, additional analyses including other important clinical factors will be possible in the future.