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1.
J Parasitol ; 110(3): 195-199, 2024 May 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38725304

RESUMEN

Prevalence values for 3 digenean species of the family Opecoelidae were calculated during a half-year period from 20 individuals per month of the fish species Clinocottus analis, collected from an intertidal environment of Baja California, Mexico. Trematode species recovered were Opecoelus adsphaericus, Opecoelus cameroni, and Opecoelus pacificus. Of these, only O. adsphaericus was present throughout the study, whereas O. pacificus and O. cameroni were recorded for 1 or 2 mo, respectively, exhibiting relatively low prevalence values. The decrease in prevalence of O. adsphaericus coincides with the appearance of O. pacificus and O. cameroni; these last 2 species were found only in the largest hosts, and their presence represents new records for Mexican marine fauna.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces , Trematodos , Infecciones por Trematodos , Animales , Trematodos/clasificación , Trematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , México/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Perciformes/parasitología
2.
PLoS One ; 15(12): e0244323, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33370342

RESUMEN

The Southeast Pacific comprises two Large Marine Ecosystems, the Pacific Central-American Coastal and the Humboldt Current System; and is one of the less well known in the tropical subregions in terms of biodiversity. To address this, we compared DNA barcoding repositories with the marine biodiversity species for the Southeast Pacific. We obtained a checklist of marine species in the Southeast Pacific (i.e. Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, and Peru) from the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) database and compared it with species available at the Barcoding of Life Data System (BOLD) repository. Of the 5504 species records retrieved from OBIS, 42% of them had at least one registered specimen in BOLD (including specimens around the world); however, only 4.5% of records corresponded to publicly available DNA barcodes including specimens collected from a Southeast Pacific country. The low representation of barcoded species does not vary much across the different taxonomic groups or within countries, but we observed an asymmetric distribution of DNA barcoding records for taxonomic groups along the coast, being more abundant for the Humboldt Current System than the Pacific Central-American Coastal. We observed high-level of barcode records with Barcode Index Number (BIN) incongruences, particularly for fishes (Actinopterygii = 30.27% and Elasmobranchii = 24.71%), reflecting taxonomic uncertainties for fishes, whereas for Invertebrates and Mammalia more than 85% of records were classified as data deficient or inadequate procedure for DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding is a powerful tool to study biodiversity, with a great potential to increase the knowledge of the Southeast Pacific marine biodiversity. Our results highlight the critical need for increasing taxonomic sampling effort, the number of trained taxonomic specialists, laboratory facilities, scientific collections, and genetic reference libraries.


Asunto(s)
Organismos Acuáticos/clasificación , Organismos Acuáticos/genética , Código de Barras del ADN Taxonómico/métodos , Animales , Biodiversidad , ADN , Ecosistema , Peces/clasificación , Peces/genética , Biblioteca de Genes , Invertebrados/clasificación , Invertebrados/genética , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Filogenia , América del Sur
3.
Folia Parasitol (Praha) ; 672020 Oct 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33108763

RESUMEN

The parasite communities of predatory fish can be species rich and diverse, making them effective models for studying the factors influencing temporal and spatial variation in these communities. Over a ten-year period an initial study was done on the metazoan parasite communities of Scomberomorus sierra (Jordan et Starks) from four locations on the south-central Pacific coast of Mexico. Twenty-four metazoan parasite taxa were identified from 674 S. sierra specimens: three species of Monogenea, eight Digenea, one Cestoda, one Acanthocephala, four Nematoda, five Copepoda, and two Isopoda. The parasite communities were characterised by high ectoparasite species richness, with monogeneans and some didymozoid species being numerically dominant. Community structure and species composition varied between locations, seasons and sampling years. Similarity between the component parasite communities was generally low, despite the occurrence of a distinctive set of host-specialist parasites. Interannual or local variations in some biotic and abiotic environmental factors are possible causes of the observed variations in the structure and species composition of the parasite community of S. sierra. Ecological factors were therefore considered to have more influence than phylogenetic aspects (host phylogeny) on parasite community structure.


Asunto(s)
Copépodos/fisiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Peces , Helmintiasis Animal/epidemiología , Helmintos/fisiología , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Animales , Biodiversidad , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Helmintiasis Animal/parasitología , México/epidemiología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Prevalencia
4.
Parasitol Int ; 75: 102025, 2020 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31733352

RESUMEN

We describe Calicotyle hydrolagi n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) infecting the cloaca of deep-water Eastern Pacific black ghost sharks, Hydrolagus melanophasma captured as bycatch at a local fishery for Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides, (Nototheniidae) in the Atacama Trench using morphological and nucleotide (LSU rRNA and SSU rRNA) data. This new species is differentiated from its congeners by a number of characters, including the absence of a cecal diverticula, the size and shape of the male copulatory organ and the shape of the vagina, as well as by differences in molecular data (SSU rRNA and LSU rRNA). The suitability of some sclerotized structures such as the male copulatory organ (MCO) as a taxonomic character is discussed; specifically, we found that the relationship between MCO and total length exhibit different trends in members of Calicotyle isolated from sharks, skates and chimaeras. Additional efforts to obtain sample of Calicotyle species and further molecular studies based on ribosomal and mitochondrial genes are necessary to clarify the degree of host specificity in this genus. Additionally, this is the first report of a member of Calicotyle to be reported in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Tiburones , Trematodos/clasificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Masculino , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Filogenia , Prevalencia , ARN de Helminto/análisis , ARN Ribosómico/análisis , Trematodos/anatomía & histología , Trematodos/genética , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología
5.
J Wildl Dis ; 55(1): 169-173, 2019 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30096036

RESUMEN

Fibropapillomatosis is a neoplastic disease that afflicts sea turtles. Although it is disseminated worldwide, cases of the disease have not been reported in the southeastern Pacific region. We describe a case of fibropapillomatosis in a green sea turtle ( Chelonia mydas) during its rehabilitation at the Machalilla National Park Rehabilitation Center, Ecuador. Viral presence was confirmed by PCR, targeting fragments of the chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) unique long (UL) genes, UL27, UL28, and UL30. The amplicons were sequenced and included in a global phylogenetic analysis of the virus with other reported sequences from GenBank. Results showed that the available viral sequences segregated into five phylogeographic groups: western Atlantic and eastern Caribbean, central Pacific, western Pacific, Atlantic, and eastern Pacific groups. The concatenated ChHV5 sequences from Ecuador clustered with the eastern Pacific sequences.


Asunto(s)
Alphaherpesvirinae/genética , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Neoplasias Cutáneas/veterinaria , Tortugas/virología , Animales , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Filogenia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/virología
6.
Parasite ; 25: 53, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30457552

RESUMEN

Two deep-sea shark species were obtained as by-catch of the local fishery of the Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides, at depths ranging from 1000 to 2200 m off central and northern Chile. A total of 19 parasite taxa were found in 133 specimens of the southern lanternshark, Etmopterus granulosus, (n = 120) and largenose catshark, Apristurus nasutus, (n = 13). Fourteen taxa (four Monogenea, one Digenea, four Cestoda, one Nematoda, two Copepoda, one Annelida and one Thecostraca) were found in E. granulosus, whereas five taxa (one Monogenea, two Cestoda and two Nematoda) were found in A. nasutus. Representatives of Cestoda showed higher values of prevalence and a greater intensity of infection; this pattern is consistent with reports for elasmobranchs, but the monogenean richness was higher than that previously reported for related deep-sea sharks. Regarding E. granulosus, a positive and significant correlation between host length and abundance was found for six (four ectoparasites, one mesoparasite, and one endoparasite) of the 14 taxa recorded, but prevalence was significantly correlated with host length only for the monogenean Asthenocotyle sp. Although the sample size for A. nasutus was limited, we compared richness, abundance, diversity and evenness at the infracommunity and component community levels. All of these variables were higher for E. granulosus, but at the infracommunity level, abundance was higher for A. nasutus. All the parasite taxa (except two) represent new host and geographical records.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Cestodos/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Infecciones por Nematodos/veterinaria , Parásitos/aislamiento & purificación , Tiburones/parasitología , Animales , Anélidos/genética , Cestodos/genética , Cestodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Cestodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Cestodos/parasitología , Chile/epidemiología , Copépodos/genética , Explotaciones Pesqueras , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Nematodos/genética , Nematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Nematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Nematodos/parasitología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Parásitos/clasificación , Parásitos/genética , Perciformes/parasitología , Alimentos Marinos
7.
J Parasitol ; 103(3): 268-284, 2017 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28350489

RESUMEN

Much progress has recently been made in revising the taxonomic assignments of genera originally classified in the polyphyletic "Tetraphyllidea." Many of these genera, including Echeneibothrium, were accommodated in the order Rhinebothriidea. However, beyond this larger taxonomic action, little work has been conducted on this genus over the past 50 yr. Consequently, the criteria used for characterizing species of Echeneibothrium have lagged behind those typically used in more modern descriptions of elasmobranch-hosted cestode taxa. A series of collecting trips to Chile to obtain cestodes from the yellownose skate, Dipturus chilensis , provided a unique opportunity to apply modern morphological and molecular methods to investigate the 3 species of Echeneibothrium reported parasitizing this skate, specifically Echeneibothrium megalosoma, Echeneibothrium multiloculatum, and Echeneibothrium williamsi. In addition to redescribing all 3 species, using morphological data from light and scanning electron microscopy, maximum likelihood and bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses of the D1-D3 regions of the 28S rDNA gene were conducted to assess their relationships among other echeneibothriids for which comparable data are available. Sequencing of 59 specimens representing these 3 species of Echeneibothrium allowed us to assess the intra- and interspecific variation in the 28S rDNA gene. The redescriptions use standardized terminology for scolex morphology, proglottid anatomy, and microthrix forms and pattern; they also expand on the original descriptions to include data on scolex size, ovary size, vas deferens and vaginal configurations, testes arrangement, and genital pore position. Our morphological work led to a major reinterpretation of the scolex morphology with the recognition that all 3 species bear an apical bothridial sucker, rather than an apical loculus, prompting emendation of the diagnosis for the family Echeneibothriidae. The presence of a band of spinitriches at the apex of the apical modification of the scolex proper seems to represent an important feature for distinguishing the 2 portions of the myzorhynchus across species. Intraspecific variation ranged from 0 to 7 bp across species and interspecific variation ranged from a low of 39-46 bp between E. williamsi and E. multiloculatum to a high of 61-66 bp between E. multiloculatum and E. megalosoma. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the 3 species of Echeneibothrium hosted by the yellownose skate are not each other's closest relatives, suggesting multiple colonization events of D. chilensis have occurred. Further phylogenetic investigation is also likely to confirm the status of the genus Pseudanthobothrium as a synonym of Echeneibothrium because its species generally group among members of Echeneibothrium.


Asunto(s)
Cestodos/clasificación , Infecciones por Cestodos/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Rajidae/parasitología , Animales , Cestodos/genética , Cestodos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Cestodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Cestodos/parasitología , Chile/epidemiología , ADN de Helmintos/química , ADN de Helmintos/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Ribosómico/química , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Intestinos/parasitología , Funciones de Verosimilitud , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinaria , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , ARN Ribosómico 28S/genética
8.
Acta Parasitol ; 62(1): 50-62, 2017 Mar 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28030357

RESUMEN

Two new digenean species are described from the intertidal blenny Scartichthys viridis (Valenciennes) (Blenniidae) collected off the coasts of Chile. The digenean Monorchimacradena viridis n. sp. (Lecithasteridae: Macradenininae) differs from the only known species described in the genus, M. acanthuri Nahhas and Cable 1964, in the presence of Drüsenmagen in the caeca, the location of the seminal vesicle between the testis and ovary (anterior to the testis in M. viridis n. sp.), and the pre-ovarian vitellarium. Megasolena littoralis n. sp. (Haploporidae), which is also reported from Scartichthys gigas (Steindachner), differs from the five valid species of Megasolena in that the post-caecal region (from the posterior edge of the caeca to the end of the body) is larger in M. viridis n. sp., meaning that the caeca are shortest in this species. Also, M. littoralis n. sp. is distinguished, from the other congeneric species, in a combination of characteristics, e.g., body length, suckers, pharynx, testes, hermaphroditic sac and sucker-length ratio. Sequences of ITS2 rDNA were generated for specimens of both species from various localities, indicating that it was invariant within the species. This study describes species of Monorchimacradena and Megasolena in Chilean waters, here reported for the first time off the Pacific Coast of South America.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Trematodos/clasificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Chile/epidemiología , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Peces , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Especificidad de la Especie , Trematodos/genética , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología
9.
Dis Aquat Organ ; 117(1): 59-75, 2015 Nov 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26575156

RESUMEN

We report on the epidemiology of lobomycosis-like disease (LLD), a cutaneous disorder evoking lobomycosis, in 658 common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from South America and 94 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins T. aduncus from southern Africa. Photographs and stranding records of 387 inshore residents, 60 inshore non-residents and 305 specimens of undetermined origin (inshore and offshore) were examined for the presence of LLD lesions from 2004 to 2015. Seventeen residents, 3 non-residents and 1 inshore dolphin of unknown residence status were positive. LLD lesions appeared as single or multiple, light grey to whitish nodules and plaques that may ulcerate and increase in size over time. Among resident dolphins, prevalence varied significantly among 4 communities, being low in Posorja (2.35%, n = 85), Ecuador, and high in Salinas, Ecuador (16.7%, n = 18), and Laguna, Brazil (14.3%, n = 42). LLD prevalence increased in 36 T. truncatus from Laguna from 5.6% in 2007-2009 to 13.9% in 2013-2014, albeit not significantly. The disease has persisted for years in dolphins from Mayotte, Laguna, Salinas, the Sanquianga National Park and Bahía Málaga (Colombia) but vanished from the Tramandaí Estuary and the Mampituba River (Brazil). The geographical range of LLD has expanded in Brazil, South Africa and Ecuador, in areas that have been regularly surveyed for 10 to 35 yr. Two of the 21 LLD-affected dolphins were found dead with extensive lesions in southern Brazil, and 2 others disappeared, and presumably died, in Ecuador. These observations stress the need for targeted epidemiological, histological and molecular studies of LLD in dolphins, especially in the Southern Hemisphere.


Asunto(s)
Delfín Mular , Lobomicosis/veterinaria , Animales , Océano Atlántico/epidemiología , Lobomicosis/epidemiología , Lobomicosis/patología , Mozambique/epidemiología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , América del Sur/epidemiología
10.
Parasit Vectors ; 8: 282, 2015 May 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25994495

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The monogenean, Zeuxapta seriolae, is a host-specific parasite that has an extensive geographical distribution on its host, Seriola lalandi, and is considered highly pathogenic in farmed fish. In recent years, developing cultures of S. lalandi in different coastal localities in Southeastern Pacific Ocean (SEP) have been affected by moderate and heavy infections of this parasite, attributed to contagion from wild to farmed fish. Here, we evaluated the pattern of genetic variations and biological traits of Z. seriolae in a spatial and temporal scale across its geographical distribution in SEP to determine its genetic status and biological traits, which could affect its transmission dynamics from wild to farmed fish. METHODS: Wild fish and their parasites were sampled from fisheries in the northern Chilean coast (NCC: 24°S-30°S) and Eastern islands (JFA: ca 33°S; 80°W) between 2012 and 2014. Fragments of 816 bp of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was sequenced for 112 individuals from NCC and 63 from JFA and compared using AMOVA. Prevalence and intensity of Z. seriolae were calculated for each area. The parasite body size, fecundity and size at sexual maturity were estimated for 177 parasites from NCC and 128 from JFA, and significant differences were evaluated using GLM. RESULTS: Geographical genetic structuring was detected for Z. seriolae across SEP, with a population in NCC and the other in JFA, both with the same high haplotype diversity. Neutrality tests and mismatch analyses indicated that both Z. seriolae populations are stable. Parasite biological traits such as fecundity, body size, and size at sexual maturity, and population parameters varied significantly between geographical areas. CONCLUSION: Two genetic groups of Z. seriolae were detected in wild fish across SEP. Because of the seasonal migration of wild host and temporal contact with farming, quantifying the genetic diversity and level of gene flow or isolation between parasite populations is useful for fish health management in farming. The smallest size of sexual maturity in parasites from NCC is predictive of shorter life cycles, and their high genetic diversity suggests high evolutionary potential and high transmission of this parasite to farmed hosts.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Variación Genética , Trematodos/genética , Trematodos/fisiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Acuicultura , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Peces , Estadios del Ciclo de Vida/fisiología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología
11.
Dis Aquat Organ ; 107(3): 173-80, 2014 Jan 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24429468

RESUMEN

Lacaziosis (also known as lobomycosis) is a chronic dermal disease caused by the fungal agent Lacazia loboi, which affects both humans and dolphins. Photographic data have been used to identify lacaziosis-like disease (LLD) among dolphins in the waters of North and South America, and here we report LLD in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus off the coast of Costa Rica, the first reporting in Central American waters. During the periods of 1991 to 1992 and 2010 to 2011, 3 research teams conducted separate dolphin surveys in the Pacific tropical fiord Golfo Dulce, and each documented skin lesions in the resident population of bottlenose dolphins. Photo-ID records were used to identify LLD-affected bottlenose dolphins and to assess their lesions. Findings showed between 13.2 and 16.1% of the identified dolphins exhibited lesions grossly resembling lacaziosis. By combining efforts and cross-referencing photographic data, the teams explored the presence of LLD in Golfo Dulce over a time gap of approximately 20 yr. Our findings expand the geographical range of the disease and offer insight into its longevity within a given population of dolphins.


Asunto(s)
Delfín Mular , Lobomicosis/veterinaria , Animales , Costa Rica , Lobomicosis/epidemiología , Lobomicosis/patología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología
12.
J Parasitol ; 100(3): 344-9, 2014 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24471824

RESUMEN

Two new species, Encotyllabe cheilodactyli and Encotyllabe antofagastensis (Monogenea: Capsalidae), have been found in the pharyngeal plates of Cheilodactylus variegatus and Anisotremus scapularis, respectively, in northern Chile (23°38'N, 70°24'W). Descriptions of the new species were based on morphometric and molecular evidence. Both species differ from previously described species of the genus by a combination of characteristics, including the size and relative position of the testes and the shapes of the major and small hamulus. In addition, E. cheilodactyli is unique among the known species of Encotyllabe due to the testes crossing the equatorial line of the body proper, and E. antofagastensis is unique among the known species of Encotyllabe due to its penis structure and anatomy leading to the genital pore. The analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene as well as morphometric analyses demonstrated that the specimens belonged to 2 different species.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Platelmintos/clasificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Chile , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Peces , Análisis Multivariante , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Platelmintos/anatomía & histología , Platelmintos/genética , Prevalencia , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología
13.
J Parasitol ; 100(3): 338-43, 2014 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24471861

RESUMEN

During a survey of blood parasites in a population of Leach's and black storm petrels ( Oceanodroma leucorhoa and Oceanodroma melania) in Mexico, infection by a Hepatozoon species in erythrocytes of several birds was noted. Here we describe the species as Hepatozoon peircei sp. nov. Some species of Hepatozoon described from birds have been identified as lankesterellids when DNA molecular analyses were conducted. However, a sequence of 1,774 bp of the parasite found infecting storm petrels in this study clearly show the parasite is a species of the genus Hepatozoon. This is the first Hepatozoon species infecting birds to be characterized at the molecular level and the first found infecting erythrocytes and not leucocytes.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Aves/parasitología , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Eucoccidiida/genética , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Enfermedades de las Aves/sangre , Enfermedades de las Aves/epidemiología , Aves , Coccidiosis/sangre , Coccidiosis/epidemiología , Coccidiosis/parasitología , ADN Protozoario/química , Eritrocitos/parasitología , Eucoccidiida/clasificación , Eucoccidiida/ultraestructura , Femenino , Islas/epidemiología , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Filogenia , Prevalencia , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Alineación de Secuencia/veterinaria
14.
Parasitol Int ; 63(1): 69-79, 2014 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24042060

RESUMEN

The occurrence of parasitic copepods of the family Caligidae on wild and cultured marine fishes from Chamela Bay, on the Pacific coast of Mexico, is reported. A total of 16 species of Caligus and 1 species of Lepeophtheirus were found on 19 wild fish species. The description of Caligus chamelensis n. sp. parasitizing Kyphosus elegans is presented. Among the species of Caligus reported here, Caligus serratus is the most common since it was found infecting 11 fish species. On cultured fish, Lutjanus gutattus and L. peru, only one species of Caligus, C. sclerotinosus was collected. DNA barcodes [mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences] were obtained for the majority of the sea lice species herein reported. The molecular analyses support the recognition of the new species and suggest that neither Caligus nor Lepeophtheirus are monophyletic. COI is shown to be a good candidate for parasitic copepod species identification, although a more robust reference database is needed to expand our ability to accomplish a molecular identification.


Asunto(s)
Copépodos/genética , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Animales , Copépodos/clasificación , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/epidemiología , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Peces , México , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Especificidad de la Especie
15.
J Parasitol ; 98(2): 365-77, 2012 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22014066

RESUMEN

Three new species of diphyllidean cestodes are described from rhinobatid elasmobranchs of the genus Glaucostegus from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. All 3 new species have 11 apical hooks (6 type-A and 5 type-B hooks) and, therefore, differ in this feature from all but 5 of the 39 valid species of Echinobothrium. In addition, Echinobothrium tetabuanense n. sp. from Glaucostegus cf. typus in the Sulu Sea, Borneo differs from all of its congeners in the number and arrangement of hooklets, number of spines on the cephalic peduncle, and the number and distribution of testes. Echinobothrium sematanense n. sp. from Glaucostegus thouin in the South China Sea, Borneo, can be distinguished from its congeners based on the following combination of characters, i.e., small size (worms less than 1 mm long), number of hooklets, spines per column on the cephalic peduncle, and number of testes. Echinobothrium weipaense n. sp. from northern Australia is unique in the position of the cirrus sac and genital pore, both structures being well posterior and not overlapping the ovary. An emended description of the microthrix pattern on the scolex of Echinobothrium chisholmae from G. typus in Australia is also presented.


Asunto(s)
Cestodos/clasificación , Infecciones por Cestodos/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Rajidae/parasitología , Animales , Cestodos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Cestodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Cestodos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Océano Índico/epidemiología , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinaria , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Prevalencia
16.
Vet Parasitol ; 182(2-4): 319-28, 2011 Dec 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21665367

RESUMEN

Information regarding parasitic fauna of cetaceans from Costa Rica is provided for the first time. A total of 25 stranded dolphins and whales were examined between 2001 and 2009, including striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) (n=19), pantropical spotted dolphin (S. attenuata) (n=2), spinner dolphin (S. longirostris) (n=1), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) (n=1), dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima) (n=1) and Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) (n=1). Pathological findings associated with the parasites are also presented. In the most representative dolphin species, S. coeruleoalba, the prevalence of parasites was 89.5%; moreover, all examined specimens of S. attenuata, S. longirostris, T. truncatus and Z. cavirostris presented parasites. No parasites were recovered from K. sima. Fourteen helminth taxa were identified, including six species of cestodes (Strobilocephalus triangularis, Tetrabothrius forsteri, Trigonocotyle sp., Phyllobothrium delphini, Monorygma grimaldi, Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid), four digeneans (Nasitrema globicephalae, Brachycladium palliatum, B. pacificum and Oschmarinella albamarina) and four nematodes (Anisakis spp., Halocercus lagenorhynchi, Halocercus sp. and Crassicauda anthonyi). A commensal crustacean, Xenobalanus globicipitis, was also identified. All identified parasites representing new geographic records for the Pacific coast of Central America and new host records are presented. Parasitological information is valuable for conservation of cetaceans in Pacific coast of Costa Rica.


Asunto(s)
Delfines , Helmintiasis Animal/parasitología , Helmintos/aislamiento & purificación , Ballenas , Animales , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Costa Rica , Femenino , Helmintiasis Animal/epidemiología , Helmintiasis Animal/patología , Masculino , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología
17.
Vet Parasitol ; 177(1-2): 119-26, 2011 Apr 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21168279

RESUMEN

Parasitic nematode infection indices were recorded in different fish species collected at Cartagena Bay, North of Colombia. Among 19 studied species, the Mugil genus presented the highest prevalence (83.9-100%), although Sciades herzbergii, Caranx hippos and Centropomus undecimalis were also found infected with nematodes. Parasites were found in the liver, intestinal mesenteries and encysted near the intervertebral joints, with an average parasite abundance of 4.0 ± 0.3 nematodes per fish. Morphological analysis allowed the identification of these nematodes as Contracaecum sp. A small, but positive correlation was found between parasite abundance and length (R=0.294, P<0.001) and weight (R=0.244, P<0.001). In contrast, the correlation between parasite abundance and condition factor was negative (R=-0.191, P<0.001). These results are the first describing the presence of nematodes in several fish species of this ecosystem, and it highlights the need for monitoring parasitism in Mugil species in order to avoid parasite ingestion during fish consumption.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Nematodos/clasificación , Infecciones por Nematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Colombia/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Peces , Nematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Nematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Nematodos/parasitología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología
18.
J Parasitol ; 95(3): 656-64, 2009 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19642805

RESUMEN

Adults of Rhadinorhynchus ornatus Van Cleave, 1918 were collected from the small intestine of skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus), in the high seas of the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of South America (new parasite locality record) and described using optical microscopy and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Our specimens were somewhat comparable to those described from North America and Japan, but had more trunk spines. Definitive differences between the length and thickness of each of the dorsal and ventral proboscis hooks are noted for the first time, with most ventral middle hooks being relatively shorter and more robust than dorsal middle hooks. The SEM documented, for the first time, the different surface topography of the tegument in the proboscis, the neck, and in 3 trunk regions; the presence of microtrichs in the mid- and posterior trunk regions; the elevated base of trunk spines; the circular arrangement of basal proboscis hooks; the different morphology of all dorsal and ventral proboscis hooks and the striations of their surface; the ribbed surface topography of eggs; the elevated slit-like female gonopore; and the rimmed edge of the bursa. The presence of microtrichs on the tegumental surface is further supported by transmission electron microscopy studies. This is the first report of microtrichs in any species of Acanthocephala and the second report of striations in proboscis hooks. The geographical distribution of R. ornatus appears to correspond, at least in part, to that of its epipelagic primary host, K. pelamis, throughout the world in waters ranging in temperature from 14.7 to 30 C.


Asunto(s)
Acantocéfalos/clasificación , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Helmintiasis Animal/parasitología , Atún/parasitología , Acantocéfalos/aislamiento & purificación , Acantocéfalos/ultraestructura , Animales , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Helmintiasis Animal/epidemiología , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinaria , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión/veterinaria , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Prevalencia , América del Sur
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