Colocación de implantes en paciente con antecedentes de toma de bifosfonatos / Placement of implants in a patient with a history of bisphosphonates taken

El uso de bifosfonatos es un excelente tratamiento para pacientes con artritis reumatoide y enfermedades óseas, por ejemplo, osteoporosis. Se realiza un reporte de caso de paciente femenino, quien estuvo bajo consumo de este fármaco por prescripción de su médico para la prevención de artritis reumatoide postmenopausia. La paciente acude a consulta para la colocación de implantes en zona desdentada y comenta haber terminado el tratamiento de bifosfonatos hace un año. Se tomaron pruebas de diagnóstico y se realizó la colocación de implantes sin ninguna complicación. Sus citas de control fueron más frecuentes en cuatro meses, sobre todo por el detalle de consumo de bifosfonatos, pero en ninguna cita hubo algún detalle alarmante, la cicatrización iba en forma. Se dio de alta a la paciente después de sus citas periódicas y de asegurar su buena cicatrización a un implante bien situado (AU))

The use of bisphosphonates is an excellent treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Here is a case report of a female patient, who was under consumption of this drug by prescription of her doctor for the prevention of post-menopausal rheumatoid arthritis. The patient went to the consultation for the placement of implants in the edentulous area and comments having finished the bisphosphonate treatment one year ago. The diagnostic tests were taken, and the implant placement was performed well without any complications. The control appointments were more frequent in four months, especially due to the detail of bisphosphonate consumption, but in no appointment, there were any alarming details, the healing was in good shape. The patient discharged after her regular appointments and to ensure that she was healing well and that implant was well placed (AU)

Osteonecrosis maxilar asociada con altas dosis de antirresortivos en paciente oncolólgico adulto mayor: resolución interdisciplinaria de caso clínico / Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with high doses of antiresorptive in an elderly cancer patient: interdisciplinary resolution of a clinical case

La osteonecrosis maxilar relacionada con medicamentos (ONMM) es una patología de características clínicas objetivas con signo-sintomatología patogno-mónica. El criterio clínico aceptado es la presencia de hueso necrótico expuesto y visible sobre el reborde óseo maxilar que no ha cicatrizado luego de 8 sema-nas, en pacientes con antecedentes de tratamiento antirresortivo. La denominación relacionada con medicamentos se utiliza por el creciente número de casos asociados con otros fármacos antirresortivos como denosumab y con terapias antiangiogénicas, más allá de la conocida relación con bifosfonatos. Si bien la incidencia de ONMM en pacientes tratados por osteopatías metabólicas es muy baja, la situa-ción se torna más compleja en pacientes oncológicos con altas dosis de antirresortivos para tratamiento de metástasis ósea. Varios informes de casos des-criben cuadros de ONMM en pacientes con cáncer que reciben terapias dirigidas, específicamente TKI (inhibidores de tirosina kinasa) y anticuerpos mo-noclonales-VEGF (anticuerpos dirigidos al factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular). La ONMM afecta negativamente la calidad de vida del paciente onco-lógico y produce comorbilidad significativa. Resulta imperioso identificar los pacientes en riesgo y dise-ñar un protocolo de atención odontológica específico para estos casos. En este artículo, se presenta un caso de ONMM asociado con altas dosis de Deno-sumab y administración simultánea de anticuerpos monoclonales específicos. El caso sorprende por la magnitud de la necrosis y su cuadro insidioso. El pro-tocolo de tratamiento descripto permitió controlar el cuadro inicial, limitar el avance de la lesión, asegurar el control del dolor y la infección, y finalmente, la cu-ración total de la lesión (AU)

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is a pathology with objective clinical characteristics with pathognomonic signs and symp-toms. The accepted clinical criterion is the presence of exposed and visible necrotic bone on the maxillofacial region that has not healed after 8 weeks, in patients with history of antiresorptive treatment. The name medication-related is justified by the growing number of cases associated with other antiresorptive drugs such as denosumab and antiangiogenic therapies, beyond the known relationship with bisphosphonates. Although the incidence of MRONJ in patients treated for metabolic osteopathies is very low, the situation becomes more complex in cancer patients who re-ceive high doses of antiresorptives for the treatment of skeletal metastases. Several case reports describe the presence of MRONJ in cancer patients receiving targeted therapies, specifically TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and monoclonal antibodies-targeting VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). MRONJ nega-tively affects the quality of life in cancer patients and produces significant comorbidity. It is imperative to identify patients at risk and design a specific den-tal care strategy for these cases. In this article, we present a case of MRONJ associated with high doses of Denosumab and simultaneous administration of specific monoclonal antibodies. The case is surpris-ing due to magnitude of the necrosis. The described treatment strategies made it possible to control the initial symptoms, limit the lesion progression, ensure pain and infection control, and finally, the total heal-ing of the lesion (AU)

Suspensión de antirresortivos en osteonecrosis asociada a medicamentos: revisión de la literatura / Suspension of antiresorptive drugs in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a review of the literature

La suspensión de antirresortivos en el contexto de cuadros de osteonecrosis asociada a medicamentos (ONAM) es controversial. Aunque la evidencia de ca-lidad al respecto es insuficiente, múltiples socieda-des profesionales y grupos de trabajo han sugerido emplear este recurso. Recientemente la Sociedad Americana de Cirujanos Orales y Maxilofaciales ha puesto en duda sus beneficios. En el presente estudio abordamos esta temática en dos situaciones clínicas diferentes. Por un lado, analizamos la suspensión de los antirresortivos en pacientes asintomáticos an-tes de llevar a cabo procedimientos invasivos en los maxilares para disminuir el riesgo de desarrollo de ONAM. Por otro lado, evaluamos la suspensión de los antirresortivos en pacientes con ONAM establecida para mejorar el pronóstico de la enfermedad (AU)

The suspension of antiresorptive drugs in the context of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is controversial. Despite the lack of quality evidence, several professional associations and working groups have made suggestions in using this resource. Recently the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons has questioned its benefits. In the present study we address this issue in two different clinical situations. On the one hand, we analyzed the suspension of antiresorptive agents in asymptomatic patients before carrying out invasive procedures in the jaws to reduce the risk of developing MRONJ. On the other hand, we evaluated the suspension of antiresorptive drugs in patients actually presenting MRONJ to improve the prognosis of the disease (AU)

The "Phoenix Jaw" Phenomenon Revisited: Two Cases of Bisphosphonate-Related Mandible Osteonecrosis Surgically Treated with Complete Bone Regeneration.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws represents a well-recognized complication occurring in patients being administered drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis and/or malignant disease. Treatment of this condition, aiming to alleviate the symptoms and restore functional status, represents a challenge for the maxillofacial surgeon. Conservative management has been proposed for early stages of this condition, while surgical intervention is mandatory for advanced disease. Two cases of severe bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw that achieved complete osseous recontouring after partial mandibulectomy, are presented.

Osteonecrosis de los maxilares: reacción medicamentosa / Osteonecrosis of the jaws: drug reaction

La osteonecrosis de los maxilares (ONM) secundaria al consumo de medicamentos antirresortivos y antiangiogénicos es una patología oral que afecta el funcionamiento del organismo de los seres humanos no sólo a nivel bucal, sino que disminuye su calidad de vida y aumenta su morbilidad. La ONM se define como la presencia de hueso necrótico expuesto que puede ser explorado mediante una fístula en el territorio maxilofacial, que se mantiene durante un periodo mínimo de ocho se- manas. Los fármacos antirresortivos y antiangiogénicos son indicados a pacientes que presentan patologías osteometabólicas, cáncer, entre otras, de ahí la importancia de mantener una estrecha relación entre médico tratante-odontólogo-paciente. El propósito de este artículo es establecer un protocolo de cuidado oral básico y definir las funciones del médico tratante, cirujano dentista y cirujano maxilofacial mediante una revisión bibliográfica con el fin de crear una propuesta preventiva para el tratamiento de estos pacientes (AU)

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), secondary to the consumption of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs is an oral pathology that affects the functioning of the human body, not only at the oral level, but also decreasing their quality of life and increasing their morbidity. MRONJ is defined as the presence of exposed necrotic bone that can be explored through a fistula in the maxillofacial territory, which is maintained for a minimum period of eight weeks. Antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs are indicated for patients with osteometabolic pathologies, cancer, among others. For the same reasons, the importance of maintaining a close relationship between the treating physician, dentist and patient. The purpose of this article is to establish a clinical guide for basic oral care and define the functions of the treating physician, dental surgeon and maxillofacial surgeon through a bibliographic review; in order to create a preventive proposal for the treatment of these patients (AU)

Antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) in urological malignancies: a multi-center retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the incidence and risk factors for antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) in prostate and kidney cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 547 patients from 13 hospitals. Prostate and kidney cancer patients with bone metastases who were treated with a bone-modifying agent (BMA) between January 2012 and February 2019 were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were BMA use for hypercalcemia, a lack of clinical data, a follow-up period of less than 28 days and a lack of evaluation by dentists before BMA administration. The diagnosis and staging of ARONJ were done by dentists. RESULTS: Two-hundred eighteen patients were finally enrolled in the study, including 168 prostate cancer patients and 50 kidney cancer patients. Of them, 49 (29%) prostate cancer patients and 18 (36%) kidney cancer patients needed tooth extraction prior to BMA initiation. The mean follow-up period after BMA initiation was 552.9 ± 424.7 days (mean ± SD). In the cohort, 23% of the patients were diagnosed with ARONJ in the follow-up period. The 1-year cumulative incidences of ARONJ were 9.4% and 15.4% in prostate and kidney cancer patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that kidney cancer, tooth extraction before BMA and a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 were significant predictors for ARONJ. CONCLUSION: ARONJ is not a rare adverse event in urological malignancies. Especially, kidney cancer, high BMI patients and who needed tooth extraction before BMA were high risk for developing ARONJ.

Odontogenic infection and antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with facial subcutaneous abscess formation: A retrospective clinical study of difficult-to-diagnose cases.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze difficult-to-diagnose cases of odontogenic infection and antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) with facial subcutaneous abscesses by otolaryngologists. METHODS: The study was conducted in the department of otolaryngology of a university hospital. Seven patients exhibiting odontogenic infection and ARONJ with facial subcutaneous abscesses diagnosed at the department of otolaryngology in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2018 were included in the study. We investigated the following information obtained from the patients: clinical department for initial treatment, sex, age, offending tooth, causative disease, site of the fistula, symptoms, methods of diagnoses, and therapy. RESULTS: Odontogenic infection with facial subcutaneous abscess formation can occur in individuals in a wide range of age groups; however, the pathological manifestations of ARONJ are often observed in older women, frequently at the chin and accompanied by nodules and pain in the adjacent teeth. Computed tomography and orthopantomography are useful for diagnosis and are especially indicated for patients under long-term follow-up or with frequent recurrences. Magnetic resonance imaging, cytodiagnosis, and histological analysis might be necessary to exclude the possibility of tumors. Management of such facial subcutaneous abscesses comprises dental treatment and infection control, and f surgical removal of the abscess is usually not required. Treatments such as sequestrectomy and sitafloxacin administration are useful for patients with ARONJ. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that for patients with facial subcutaneous abscesses, involvement of odontogenic infection and ARONJ should be considered.

Pain characteristics in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws.

PURPOSE: To characterise pain from medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) and the effects of antimicrobial treatment on it. METHODS: Data from files of patients diagnosed with MRONJ according to the position paper of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2014) and Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer and American Society of Clinical Oncology (2019) were collected retrospectively, including gender, age, primary disease, bone-modifying agents (BMAs)/anti-angiogenics, administration route, involved jaw, location, and exposure size. The patients were treated according to the abovementioned position papers' recommendations, i.e. all patients who suffered from pain were staged as 2 or 3 and treated with systemic amoxicillin, or doxycycline or clindamycin in case of sensitivity, and local antiseptic and hygiene instructions. RESULTS: Data from 77 MRONJ patients (aged 65.09 ± 11.9 years old) were analysed. Most (90.1%) received bisphosphonates for cancer (79%) and osteoporosis (17%). A total of 67.5% experienced pain; 36.5% had moderate-to-severe pain. Female gender was significantly associated with the presence of pain (p = 0.002). Osteonecrosis lesions after dento-alveolar surgery had a higher risk of pain development than spontaneous lesions (p = 0.045). Medical and oncologic background, type of pharmacotherapy, lesion size, and location were not associated with pain levels. Worse initial pain was significantly associated with better relief following MRONJ treatment (p = 0.045). Meaningful pain reduction (≥ 50%) was significantly correlated with initial pain severity (p = 0.0128, OR = 4.75). CONCLUSIONS: Pain from infection and inflammation often accompanies MRONJ. The presence of pain is correlated with longer BMAs pre-therapy and if surgery preceded the MRONJ. Persistency of the mild pain together with a resistance to common antimicrobial treatment, although not complete, is a feature that MRONJ pain shares with neuropathic-"like" pain, and requires further study and consideration during treatment.

Antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis treated with bone-modifying agents.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence rate and risk factors of antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis are not clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients' records of prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis who were treated with zoledronic acid or denosumab between 1/Dec/2008 and 31/Mar/2019. ARONJ-free survival rate was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier analysis, and risk factors for ARONJ were analyzed with Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: We identified 124 and 67 patients treated with zoledronic acid and denosumab, respectively. Seventy-six patients were hormone sensitive, and 115 patients were castration resistant when they started bone-modifying agents (BMA). Twenty-eight patients developed ARONJ during the observation period (median: 23 months, range 1-130 months). Their number of doses of BMA ranged 3-69 (median: 21.5). The 2-year ARONJ-free survival rate was 91.1%, and the 5-year ARONJ-free survival rate was 72.5%. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of ARONJ between zoledronic acid and denosumab. However, multivariate analysis revealed that use of denosumab (hazard ratio [HR] 3.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-13.31; p = 0.0484), serum calcium < 9.2 mg/dL (HR 3.16, 95% CI 1.10-9.13; p = 0.033)), and concomitant or prior use of chemotherapeutic agents (HR 4.71, 95% CI 1.51-14.71; p = 0.0076) were independent risk factors for the development of ARONJ. CONCLUSION: Almost one-quarter of patients had a risk of developing ARONJ within 5 years after starting BMA. Low serum calcium, use of chemotherapeutic agents, and use of denosumab might contribute to the development of ARONJ.

Monitoring indices of bone inflammatory activity of the jaw using SPECT bone scintigraphy: a study of ARONJ patients.

Development of quantitative analysis software has enabled application of several standardised uptake values (SUV) for bone analysis in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The present retrospective study aimed to develop a reliable method of monitoring bone inflammatory activity in antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) using SPECT quantitative analysis software. Fifteen ARONJ patients underwent SPECT before and after anti-inflammatory therapy. We calculated the mean maximum SUV (SUVmax) of the bilateral cranial bones using quantitative analysis software and used this as the control [C]. We attempted to adjust the SUVmax of the lesion [L] as follows: adjusted SUVmax (aSUVmax) = [L] - [C]. The optimum threshold to calculate the metabolic bone volume (MBV) (cm3) was [C] + 3. The threshold values obtained for each case were input to calculate MBV at each osteomyelitis site. Retrospectively, we compared aSUVmax and MBV of each patient's ARONJ before and after anti-inflammatory therapy. The patients' high aSUVmax or large MBV of the ARONJ reduced rapidly, reflecting individual clinical findings after treatment. Application of SPECT quantitative analysis software to monitor bone inflammatory activity in ARONJ could improve the prognosis-deciding abilities of clinicians and enable them to treat ARONJ effectively.

Altered Long Noncoding RNA Expression Profile in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Bisphosphonate-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption used for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients with osteolytic lesions. Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (BONJ) is an infrequent drug-caused adverse event of these agents. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a set of more than 200 base pairs, noncoding RNA molecules, which are critical posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Our study was aimed at evaluating 17 lncRNAs, whose targets were previously validated as key elements in MM, bone metabolism, and angiogenesis in MM subjects without BONJ (MM group), in MM subjects with BONJ (BONJ group), and a group of healthy controls (CTRL group). Our results demonstrated a different lncRNA profile in BONJ patients compared to MM patients and controls. Two lncRNAs (DANCR and MALAT1) were both downregulated compared to controls and MM, twelve (HOTAIR, MEG3, TP73-AS1, HOTTIP, HIF1A-AS2, MANTIS, CTD-2201E18, CTD1-2003C8, R-471B22, RP1-43E13, RP11-553L6.5, and RP1-286D6) were overexpressed in MM with BONJ, and one (H19) was upregulated compared with only MM. Two lncRNAs (JHDMD1 and MTMR9LP) had higher expression, but these differences were not statistically significant. The examined lncRNAs target several genes and metabolic pathways. An altered lncRNA signature could contribute to the onset of BONJ or have a protective action. Targeting these lncRNAs could offer a possibility for the prevention or therapy of BONJ.

The rule of hydrogen peroxide long term rinse during a particular alveolar bone healing after ONJ injuries in a patient with periodontal disease: a 4-year radiological follow up report of a mental nerve emergence migration.

Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ) is a pathology initially described in the early 2000s that has become increasingly common in clinical dentistry and maxillofacial practice due to the frequent use of bisphosphonates medical drugs (BPs) to treat various diseases such as osteoporosis, Paget's syndrome, osteomyelitis and in bone metastases secondary to tumors. Supragingival irrigation applied as monotherapy and in combination with root planning or BFs related bone necrosectomy revealed that supragingival irrigation with a variety of agents reduced the gingival microbial load and gingival inflammation. In this 4-year follow-up study we analyze the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an antimicrobial agent for maintenance periodontal health, improving the longevity of teeth and oral cavity healing process.

Continuous Mandibular Nerve Block for Intractable Mandibular Pain Due to Antiresorptive Agent-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Case Report.

Antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) causes severe pain that cannot be controlled well by common analgesic drugs. This is a first case report of intractable mandibular pain due to ARONJ that was eliminated by a continuous mandibular nerve block. A 72-year-old woman with osteoporosis had been administered bisphosphonate. One year after extraction of her tooth, she was diagnosed as having ARONJ. Jaw pain was so severe that she was unable to open her mouth and eat. We performed a continuous mandibular nerve block through an indwelling catheter with levobupivacaine for pain management. After the procedure, her rest pain was markedly improved, and the pain induced by opening her mouth disappeared. We conclude that a continuous mandibular nerve block may be helpful in the management of ARONJ.

Association between periodontitis and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Consensus has yet to be reached about the prevention and treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), which is a treatment sequela of several antiresorptive therapies and other pharmaceutical interventions. Several epidemiologic studies have identified periodontal disease (PD) as a risk factor for this outcome. Thus, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate this association and its magnitude. A systematic search in MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science, and a meta-analysis were undertaken. Observational studies that gathered information regarding prefixed definitions for both outcomes were selected, and the relevant information was then extracted, and their risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The protocol of the study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019125646). The initial search yielded 757 eligible records, of which 12 were deemed adequate for inclusion (5 cohort studies and 7 case-control studies). On a random-effects meta-analysis, the risk of PD in MRONJ-affected sites compared with at-risk non-affected patients was significantly greater, with a risk ratio of 2.75 (95% CI: 1.67-4.52). Nonetheless, from a pooled analysis of three standardized periodontal measures (ie plaque index, clinical attachment loss and probing depth) no significant results were obtained. MRONJ appears to be associated with an increase in prevalence of PD. The direction of this association, and the factors influencing it must be investigated using further prospective data, and likewise, the possibility for using periodontal therapy as a prevention strategy must be looked into. Periodontal screening needs to be made an indispensable requisite for clinicians in order to establish a correct multidisciplinary approach in MRONJ.

Identifying genetic variants underlying medication-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer and osteoporosis: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) presents with a typical pattern of jaw necrosis in patients who have been prescribed bisphosphonates (BPs) and other antiangiogenetic drugs to treat osteoporosis or bone-related complications of cancer. METHODS: This study divided 38 patients with BRONJ into two groups according to the prescribing causes: cancer (n = 13) and osteoporosis (n = 25), and underwent whole exome sequencing and compared them with normal controls (n = 90). To identify candidate genes and variants, we conducted three analyses: a traditional genetic model, gene-wise variant score burden, and rare-variant analysis methods. RESULTS: The stop-gain mutation (rs117889746) of the PZP gene in the BRONJ cancer group was significantly identified in the additive trend model analysis. In the cancer group, ARIDS, HEBP1, LTBP1, and PLVAP were identified as candidate genes. In the osteoporosis group, VEGFA, DFFA, and FAM193A genes showed a significant association. No significant genes were identified in the rare-variant analysis pipeline. Biologically accountable functions related to BRONJ occurrence-angiogenesis-related signaling (VEGFA and PLVAP genes), TGF-ß signaling (LTBP1 and PZP genes), heme toxicity (HEBP1) and osteoblast maturation (ARIDS)-were shown in candidate genes. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the candidate causative genes contributing to the development of BRONJ differ according to the BP dose and background disease.

Medication related osteonecrosis of jaw in a leukemia patient undergoing systemic arsenic trioxide therapy: A rare case report.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a potential side effect of certain pharmaceutical agents used in the field of medicine. Early diagnosis and effective management of this condition can be challenging to the clinicians. Bisphosphonates and other anti-angiogenic agents are the most common drugs that are attributed to cause medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. In the past, arsenic-based compounds were commonly used local agents for pulp devitalization therapy. Arsenic is also one of the components of the chemotherapeutic regimen in the management of refractory leukemia. Although local diffusion of the arsenic compounds is known to cause osteonecrosis, there are no reports of the same caused by its systemic administration. Here, we present the first ever case of mandibular bone necrosis in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia who underwent systemic arsenic trioxide therapy.

[Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw complicated with wrist scaphoid osteomyelitis: a case report].

Bisphosphonates can directly inhibit osteoclasts, which may lead to increased bone density, reduced blood flow, and osteonecrosis of the jaw. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis is usually observed in the jaw bone. In this article, we report a patient with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) complicated with wrist scaphoid osteomyelitis. Furthermore, we introduce the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of BRONJ.

Agentes antirresortivos y antiangiogénicos y su relación con la osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociada a medicamentos / Antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents and their relationship with osteonecrosis of the jaws related to medication

El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los conocimientos actuales sobre el manejo clínico-odontológico de pacientes que consumen medicamentos antirresortivos y medicamentos antiangiogénicos o quimioterapéuticos, en relación con la prevención y/o el tratamiento de la osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociada a medicamentos. Se evaluaron similitudes y diferencias entre los bifosfonatos, denosumab y medicamentos antiangiogénicos, así como el manejo clínico de pacientes, vacaciones de medicamentos y el manejo de osteonecrosis de los maxilares ya instalada. Se encontraron similitudes en la presentación clínica, la prevención, el uso de antibioticoterapia antes de procedimientos invasivos y el tratamiento de la osteonecrosis ya instalada. Entre las diferencias, podemos mencionar que el tratamiento quirúrgico respondería mejor en pacientes medicados con denosumab o antiangiogénicos, y su suspensión sería más efectiva si se iniciara un proceso de osteonecrosis, al igual que su tasa de resolución. En cuanto a las vacaciones de medicamentos, no hay datos concluyentes para guiar esta decisión, al igual que no existe un protocolo clínico de atención en pacientes que consumen denosumab o antiangiogénicos (AU)

The aim of this study is to review the currents knowledge about the clinical and dental management of patients who consume antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents or chemotherapeutic drugs, in relation to the prevention and/or treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaws related to medication. Similarities and differences between bisphosphonates, denosumab and antiangiogenic medications were evaluatted, as well as the clinical management of patients, drugs holidays and management of osteonecrosis of the jaws already setted. Similarities were found in the clinical presentation, prevention, use of antibiotic therapy before invasive procedures and the treatment of osteonecrosis already installed. Regarding the differences, we can mention that the surgical treatment would be better in patients medicated with denosumab or antiangiogenics and its suspension would be more effective if an osteonecrosis process is initiated, as well as its resolution rate. There are no conclusive data about drug holidays to guide this decision, and no clinical protocol of care in patients who consume denosumab or antiangiogenic agents (AU)