Effects of whole body vibration exercises on bone mineral density of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis without medications: novel findings and literature review.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to review the literature about the effect of whole body vibration exercise in the BMD in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis without medications. METHODS: A systematic review was performed. RESULTS: The frequency of the mechanical vibration used in the protocols has varied from 12 to 90 Hz. The time used in the protocols varied from 2 up to 22 months. Techniques with X-rays were used in nine of the twelve publications analyzed, the Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in eight studies and the High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in one publication. The concentration of some biomarkers was determined, as the sclerostin, the bone alkaline phosphatase, N-telopeptide X and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Among the twelve articles analyzed, seven of them have shown an improvement of the BMD of some bone of postmenopausal women exposed to whole body vibration exercises not associated to medications; as well as modifications in biomarkers.

Functional autonomy, bone mineral density (BMD) and serum osteocalcin levels in older female participants of an aquatic exercise program (AAG).

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an AAG on BMD, osteocalcin and functional autonomy in older women. The sample consisted of eighty-two post-menopausal women with low BMD, randomly divided into two groups: the Aquatic Aerobics Group [AAG; n=42; age: 66.8±4.2years], submitted to two weekly sessions over eight months, and the Control Group (GC; n=42; age: 66.9±3.2years), which did not participate in regular exercise. BMD was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry [DXA] of the lumbar and femur, and serum osteocalcin was measured using electrochemiluminescence. A functional autonomy assessment protocol (GDLAM, 2004) was also applied. Statistical analyses used were repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. The results showed a significant improvement in tests following the GDLAM protocol: 10 meters walk (10mw) -p=0.003; rising from a ventral decubitus position (RVDP) - Δ%=0.78, p<0.001; rising from a chair and moving around the house (RCMH) -p<0.001 and autonomy index (AI) -p=0.007, with more favorable results observed in the AAG when compared to the CG. The AAG achieved the best results for BMD; however, no inter or intragroup statistical differences were recorded for total femur -p=0.975 and lumbar L(2)-L(4)p=0.597. For serum osteocalcin, intra and intergroup statistical differences of p=0.042 and p=0.027 were observed in the AAG, respectively. This demonstrates that an eight-month aquatic aerobic exercise program can improve functional autonomy and osteocalcin levels, although training did not improve lumbar and total femur BMD in the older women.

Postural control in elderly persons with osteoporosis: Efficacy of an intervention program to improve balance and muscle strength: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of an exercise program aiming to improve balance and muscular strength, for postural control and muscular strength of women with osteoporosis. DESIGN: Sample consisted of 33 women with osteoporosis, randomized into one of two groups: intervention group, in which exercises for balance and improvement of muscular strength of the inferior members were performed for 8 wks (n = 17, age 72.8 +/- 3.6 yrs); control group, which was women not practicing exercises (n = 16, age 74.4 +/- 3.7 yrs). At baseline and after 8 wks of treatment, postural control was assessed using a force plate (Balance Master, Neurocom), and muscular strength during ankle dorsiflexion, knee extension, and flexion was assessed by dynamometry. RESULTS: Adherence to the program was 82%. When compared with the control group, individuals in the intervention group significantly improved the center of pressure velocity (P = 0.02) in the modified clinical test of sensory interaction for balance test, center of pressure velocity (P < 0.01), and directional control (P < 0.01) in limits of stability test, isometric force during ankle dorsiflexion (P = 0.01), knee extension (P < 0.01), and knee flexion (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Balance and strength exercises are effective in improving postural control and lower-limb strength in elderly women with osteoporosis.

Progressive load training for the quadriceps muscle associated with proprioception exercises for the prevention of falls in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial.

UNLABELLED: This study aims to evaluate the effect of 18-week progressive muscular strength and proprioception training program on the muscle strength of the quadriceps, in prevention of falls in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The incidence of falls in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.263, 95% CI 0.10-0.68). INTRODUCTION: This study aims to evaluate the effect of a progressive muscular strength and proprioception training program on the muscle strength of the quadriceps, balance, quality of life, and reduction in the risk of falls in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. METHODS: One hundred sedentary postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, ages ranging from 55 to 75, were selected and randomized into two groups: the intervention group comprised of 50 patients who underwent a 18-week of progressive load training for the quadriceps muscle (50% up to 80% of 1-RM-one maximum repetition) and proprioception training associated to a drug treatment of osteoporosis and the control group that included 50 patients who only underwent a drug treatment of osteoporosis. The muscular strength, balance, functional mobility, and quality of life were evaluated in the beginning and end of the research. The number of falls was evaluated 24 weeks post-treatment. RESULTS: Eighty-five patients concluded the research. The program promoted a significant difference among the groups for SF-36 in the eight sub-scales (p

Physiological adaptations to strength and circuit training in postmenopausal women with bone loss.

Strength training (ST; high intensity/low volume/long rest) has been used in several populations, including children, young adults, and older adults. However, there is no information about circuit weight training (CWT; low intensity/high volume/short rest) in apparently healthy postmenopausal women. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of high-intensity ST and circuit training on isometric strength (IS), upper limb dynamic strength (ULS) and lower limb dynamic strength (LLS), muscle activation of quadriceps (EMG quad), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), time to exhaustion (TE), and bone mineral density (BMD). Twenty-eight postmenopausal women were divided into 3 groups: 1) ST group (STG, n = 9, 45-80% 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 2-4 sets, 20-6 reps), 2) circuit training group (CTG, n = 10, 45-60% 1RM, 2-3 sets, 20-10 reps), and 3) a control group (CON, n = 9, no exercise). Significance level was defined as p

La conducta del ortopedista en la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la osteoporosis en mujeres posmenopáusicas con fractura de cadera en cuatro hospitales de Bogotá - Colombia, 2001-2003 / The conduct of the orthopedist in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with hip fracture at four hospitals of Bogotá - Colombia, 2001-2003

Las publicaciones internacionales han mostrado que el ortopedista juega un papel de “reparador” de las fracturas y muy poco en la prevención de las mismas. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo tipo serie de casos para estudiar el comportamiento del ortopedista en las mujeres posmenopáusicas con fractura de cadera por osteoporosis en cuatro centros hospitalarios de Bogotá. Resultados: No había información en el 82% de las historias clínicas sobre los antecedentes médicos, familiares y factores de riesgo para osteoporosis. Se reportaban medidas de prevención en el 35% de los casos. Estudios con DEXA o Ultrasonido: 1% Tratamiento y Prevención: El 1% con Estrógenos, Bifosfonatos o Calcitonina. El 31% con Calcio. Conclusiones: Los resultados hablan del bajo interés y el escaso conocimiento que tenemos de la osteoporosis y del papel que tenemos como “reparadores” de las fracturas y muy poco en su prevención.

Evaluation of pulmonary function and quality of life in women with osteoporosis.

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures generally result in an increased kyphotic angle, which in turn may lead to disturbances in pulmonary function. The objective of the present study was to evaluate pulmonary function and quality of life in a group of osteoporotic patients. Fifteen women with osteoporosis and thoracic vertebral fractures (group 1), 20 women with osteoporosis without vertebral fracture (group 2) and 20 control women (group 3) were submitted to spirometry using a Vitatrace-130 SL spirometer and to an SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. Women with osteoporosis and vertebral fractures showed an increased kyphotic angle (median=60 degrees) and decreased forced vital capacity (group 1 vs. group 2, P =0.020; group 1 vs. group 3, P =0.039) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (group 1 vs. group 2, P =0.008; group 1 vs. group 3, P =0.014) when compared with women without vertebral fractures or osteoporosis. A negative correlation was observed between thoracic kyphosis and the predicted value of expiratory forced volume in 1 s ( r =-0.713, P =0.003). No differences in the quality of life were detected between the three groups studied. We conclude that women with thoracic vertebral fractures have an increased kyphotic angle and present a decrease in lung volume.

Terapéutica hormonal de reemplazo, estudio prospectivo: 17 beta estradiol transdermal, efectos sobre las lipoproteínas LDL y HDL del colesterol plasmático y modificaciones en la sintomatología climatérica sistematizada / Hormone replacement therapy, prospective study: estradiol 17b, effects above the lipoproteins LDL and HDL of the plasmatic cholesterol and modifications in the climateric symptomatology

Se investigaron los resultados de estrogenoterapia transdermal sostenida, durante un año y medio, en una población homogeneizada. No solo la edad, ausencia de patología asociada, talla, peso, antig³edad en la menopausia, sino fundamentalmente el programa dietético y de ejercitación física, en el grupo tratado THR, 35 casos y el grupo control PHD, 56 casos, fuesen semejantes. Se enfatizó la motivación para el cumplimiento en 18 meses del programa higiénico dietético. Con respecto a las lipoproteínas del colesterol, el análisis de varianza anidado evidenció una curva descendente significativamente más pronunciada, en el grupo THR, que la pendiente descendente del grupo PHD. Interacción p < 1 por ciento. En lo que atañe al HDL colesterol, la franca curva ascendente del grupo tratado difiere muy significativamente, de la curva muy levemente descendente, del grupo control. Interacción p < 1 por ciento. En la sintomatología se observó un impacto favorable general. Se realizó test no paramétrico de Wilcoxon y Wilcox comparando las observaciones con la basal y para comparar la THR el test U de Mann-Withney, que demostró diferencias significativas en orden decrecientes, para ostealgias, desinterés sexual, depresión y tuforadas (AU)

Terapéutica hormonal de reemplazo, estudio prospectivo: 17 beta estradiol transdermal, efectos sobre las lipoproteínas LDL y HDL del colesterol plasmático y modificaciones en la sintomatología climatérica sistematizada / Hormone replacement therapy, prospective study: estradiol 17b, effects above the lipoproteins LDL and HDL of the plasmatic cholesterol and modifications in the climateric symptomatology

Se investigaron los resultados de estrogenoterapia transdermal sostenida, durante un año y medio, en una población homogeneizada. No solo la edad, ausencia de patología asociada, talla, peso, antigüedad en la menopausia, sino fundamentalmente el programa dietético y de ejercitación física, en el grupo tratado THR, 35 casos y el grupo control PHD, 56 casos, fuesen semejantes. Se enfatizó la motivación para el cumplimiento en 18 meses del programa higiénico dietético. Con respecto a las lipoproteínas del colesterol, el análisis de varianza anidado evidenció una curva descendente significativamente más pronunciada, en el grupo THR, que la pendiente descendente del grupo PHD. Interacción p < 1 por ciento. En lo que atañe al HDL colesterol, la franca curva ascendente del grupo tratado difiere muy significativamente, de la curva muy levemente descendente, del grupo control. Interacción p < 1 por ciento. En la sintomatología se observó un impacto favorable general. Se realizó test no paramétrico de Wilcoxon y Wilcox comparando las observaciones con la basal y para comparar la THR el test U de Mann-Withney, que demostró diferencias significativas en orden decrecientes, para ostealgias, desinterés sexual, depresión y tuforadas