Amniocentesis learning curve using a low-cost simulation model to teach maternal-fetal medicine fellows.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the learning curve for amniocentesis among Maternal-Fetal Medicine (MFM) fellows using a low-cost simulation model in Mexico. METHODS: Fourteen first- and second-year MFM fellows with no previous experience in amniocentesis participated in this single-center prospective study from March to June of 2019. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. After an introductory course based on a standardized technique for amniocentesis, each fellow performed this procedure using a low-cost simulation model; experienced operators supervised the procedures. Learning curves were then created using cumulative sum analysis. Thresholds for acceptable and unacceptable failure rates were defined as 10% and 25%, respectively. RESULTS: Experienced MFM specialists evaluated 3675 procedures. On average, MFM fellows performed 263 ± 53 procedures. The mean number to achieve competence was 255 ± 53. The overall failure rate among the trainees was 16%. CONCLUSION: We describe individual learning curves for amniocentesis among MFM fellows using a low-cost simulation model. This approach allows direct assessment of proficiency in amniocentesis before clinical practice.

Violence against trainees: urgent ethical challenges for medical educators and academic leaders in perinatal medicine.

Objectives Violence against medical trainees confronts medical educators and academic leaders in perinatal medicine with urgent ethical challenges. Despite their evident importance, these ethical challenges have not received sufficient attention. The purpose of this paper is to provide an ethical framework to respond to these ethical challenges. Methods We used an existing critical appraisal tool to conduct a scholarly review, to identify publications on the ethical challenges of violence against trainees. We conducted web searches to identify reports of violence against trainees in Mexico. Drawing on professional ethics in perinatal medicine, we describe an ethical framework that is unique in the literature on violence against trainees in its appeal to the professional virtue of self-sacrifice and its justified limits. Results Our search identified no previous publications that address the ethical challenges of violence against trainees. We identified reports of violence and their limitations. The ethical framework is based on the professional virtue of self-sacrifice in professional ethics in perinatal medicine. This virtue creates the ethical obligation of trainees to accept reasonable risks of life and health but not unreasonable risks. Society has the ethical obligation to protect trainees from these unreasonable risks. Medical educators should protect personal safety. Academic leaders should develop and implement policies to provide such protection. Institutions of government should provide effective law enforcement and fair trials of those accused of violence against trainees. International societies should promulgate ethics statements that can be applied to violence against trainees. By protecting trainees, medical educators and academic leaders in perinatology will also protect pregnant, fetal, and neonatal patients. Conclusions This paper is the first to provide an ethical framework, based on the professional virtue of self-sacrifice and its justified limits, to guide medical educators and academic leaders in perinatal medicine who confront ethical challenges of violence against their trainees.

Atención al neonato expuesto o infectado con el virus varicela-zoster / Care to the neonates exposed or infected with the varicella-zoster virus

La gestante con varicela en el primer trimestre puede trasmitir la infección a la descendencia, en cuyo caso hay riesgo de aborto o de muerte fetal o de secuelas permanentes en el producto de la gestación. El objetivo de esta comunicación es actualizar a los perinatólogos, neonatólogos y epidemiológicos en la atención al neonato expuesto o infectado por el virus de la varicela zoster en el contexto nacional. La infección por el virus en el periodo neonatal puede ser grave y fatal en prematuros extremos, en pretérminos hijos de madres sin exposición previa al virus y en recién nacidos cuyas madres hayan iniciado el exantema cinco días antes del parto o hasta dos días posteriores a este. La varicela es prevenible por vacuna y en los países desarrollados, existe una gammaglobulina específica contra el virus de la varicela zoster para ser aplicada en expuestos a este virus con alto riesgo de presentar formas graves de la enfermedad. En el contexto nacional, la infección por el virus de la varicela, es frecuente y la inmunización activa y pasiva no está disponible, por lo que es necesario estar actualizado en la atención de los grupos vulnerables de padecer esta infección(AU)

The pregnant woman with varicella in the first quarter of pregnancy can transmit the infection to the fetus, in which case there is a risk of miscarriage or fetal death or permanent sequelae in the product of the gestation. The aim of this communication is to upgrade perinatologists, neonatologists and epidemiologists in the management of the neonate exposed or infected by the varicella-zoster virus in the national context. The infection by the virus in the neonatal period can be serious and fatal in extremely premature neonates, in preterm children of mothers without previous exposure to the virus and in newborns whose mothers have showned exanthem five days before delivery or up to two days after this. Varicella is preventable by vaccination and in developed countries there is a specific gammaglobulin against the varicella-zoster virus to be applied in patients exposed to this virus with high risk of presenting severe forms of the disease. In the national context, the infection by the varicella virus is frequent and active and passive immunization is not available, so it is necessary to be updated in the handling of vulnerable groups to this infection(AU)

Improving perinatology residents' skills in breaking bad news: A randomized intervention study / Aprimoramento das habilidades de residentes em perinatologia para comunicar más notícias: um estudo de intervenção randomizado

Abstract Objective Breaking bad news (BBN) is particularly difficult in perinatology. Previous research has shown that BBN skills can be learned and improved when taught and practiced. This project evaluated whether a structured training session would enhance perinatology residents' skills in BBN. Methods This was a randomized controlled intervention study with year 1 to 4 Perinatology residents from a medical school in Brazil, during the 2014/15 school year. A total of 61 out of 100 (61%) eligible residents volunteered to a structured training program involving communicating a perinatal loss to a simulated patient (SP) portraying the mother followed by the SP's immediatefeedback,bothvideo recorded. Later, residents were randomly assigned to BBN training based on a setting, perception, invitation, knowledge, emotion and summary (SPIKES) strategy with video reviews (intervention) or no training (control group). All residents returned for a second simulation with the same SP blinded to the intervention and portraying a similar case. Residents' performances were then evaluated by the SP with a checklist. The statistical analysis included a repeated measures analysis of covariance (RM-ANCOVA). Complementarily, the residents provided their perceptions about the simulation with feedback activities. Results Fifty-eight residents completed the program. The simulations lasted on average 12 minutes, feedback 5 minutes and SPIKES training between 1h and 2h30m. There was no significant difference in the residents' performances according to the SPs' evaluations (p = 0.55). The participants rated the simulation with feedback exercises highly. These educational activities might have offset SPIKES training impact. Conclusion The SPIKES training did not significantly impact the residents' performance. The residents endorsed the simulation with feedback as a useful training modality. Further research is needed to determine which modality is more effective.

Resumo Objetivo É uma tarefa particularmente difícil transmitir más notícias em perinatologia. Habilidades de comunicação podem ser aprendidas, ensinadas e praticadas. O presente estudo avalia se uma sessão de treinamento estruturado para comunicar más notícias ampliaria as habilidades dos residentes de perinatologia. Métodos Estudo de intervenção controlado e aleatorizado com residentes do 1° ao 4° ano do curso de perinatologia de uma faculdade de ciências médicas no ano letivo de 2014/15. Um total de 61 dos 100 residentes elegíveis (61%) voluntariaram-se para um programa de treinamento envolvendo comunicar uma perda perinatal para uma paciente simulada no papel da mãe, seguido do feedback imediato da atriz, ambos filmados. Posteriormente, os residentes foram aleatoriamente designados para um grupo de treinamento em más notícias baseado na estratégia SPIKES e revisão dos vídeos (intervenção) ou para um grupo-controle, sem treinamento. Todos os residentes retornaram numa segunda simulação análoga à primeira, com a mesma paciente simulada cega à intervenção. Avaliou-se as habilidades dos residentes segundo um checklist preenchido pela atriz. A análise estatística incluiu análise de covariância para medidas repetidas (ANCOVA-MR). Os residentes avaliaram a atividade de simulação com feedback. Resultados O programa foi completado por 58 residentes. As simulações duraram em média 12 minutos, o feedback 5 minutos, e o treinamento SPIKES entre 1h e 2,5h. Não houve diferença significativa nas atuações dos residentes segundo a paciente simulada (p = 0.55). Os residentes avaliaram a simulação com feedback positivamente. Essas atividades podem ter reduzido o impacto do treinamento SPIKES. Conclusão O treinamento SPIKES não teve impacto significativo na atuação dos residentes. Os residentes consideraram as simulações com feedback úteis. Mais pesquisas são necessárias para determinar qual modalidade é mais eficaz.

Improving Perinatology Residents' Skills in Breaking Bad News: A Randomized Intervention Study.

OBJECTIVE: Breaking bad news (BBN) is particularly difficult in perinatology. Previous research has shown that BBN skills can be learned and improved when taught and practiced. This project evaluated whether a structured training session would enhance perinatology residents' skills in BBN. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled intervention study with year 1 to 4 Perinatology residents from a medical school in Brazil, during the 2014/15 school year. A total of 61 out of 100 (61%) eligible residents volunteered to a structured training program involving communicating a perinatal loss to a simulated patient (SP) portraying the mother followed by the SP's immediate feedback, both video recorded. Later, residents were randomly assigned to BBN training based on a setting, perception, invitation, knowledge, emotion and summary (SPIKES) strategy with video reviews (intervention) or no training (control group). All residents returned for a second simulation with the same SP blinded to the intervention and portraying a similar case. Residents' performances were then evaluated by the SP with a checklist. The statistical analysis included a repeated measures analysis of covariance (RM-ANCOVA). Complementarily, the residents provided their perceptions about the simulation with feedback activities. RESULTS: Fifty-eight residents completed the program. The simulations lasted on average 12 minutes, feedback 5 minutes and SPIKES training between 1h and 2h30m. There was no significant difference in the residents' performances according to the SPs' evaluations (p = 0.55). The participants rated the simulation with feedback exercises highly. These educational activities might have offset SPIKES training impact. CONCLUSION: The SPIKES training did not significantly impact the residents' performance. The residents endorsed the simulation with feedback as a useful training modality. Further research is needed to determine which modality is more effective.

OBJETIVO: É uma tarefa particularmente difícil transmitir más notícias em perinatologia. Habilidades de comunicação podem ser aprendidas, ensinadas e praticadas. O presente estudo avalia se uma sessão de treinamento estruturado para comunicar más notícias ampliaria as habilidades dos residentes de perinatologia. MéTODOS: Estudo de intervenção controlado e aleatorizado com residentes do 1° ao 4° ano do curso de perinatologia de uma faculdade de ciências médicas no ano letivo de 2014/15. Um total de 61 dos 100 residentes elegíveis (61%) voluntariaram-se para um programa de treinamento envolvendo comunicar uma perda perinatal para uma paciente simulada no papel da mãe, seguido do feedback imediato da atriz, ambos filmados. Posteriormente, os residentes foram aleatoriamente designados para um grupo de treinamento em más notícias baseado na estratégia SPIKES e revisão dos vídeos (intervenção) ou para um grupo-controle, sem treinamento. Todos os residentes retornaram numa segunda simulação análoga à primeira, com a mesma paciente simulada cega à intervenção. Avaliou-se as habilidades dos residentes segundo um checklist preenchido pela atriz. A análise estatística incluiu análise de covariância para medidas repetidas (ANCOVA-MR). Os residentes avaliaram a atividade de simulação com feedback. RESULTADOS: O programa foi completado por 58 residentes. As simulações duraram em média 12 minutos, o feedback 5 minutos, e o treinamento SPIKES entre 1h e 2,5h. Não houve diferença significativa nas atuações dos residentes segundo a paciente simulada (p = 0.55). Os residentes avaliaram a simulação com feedback positivamente. Essas atividades podem ter reduzido o impacto do treinamento SPIKES. CONCLUSãO: O treinamento SPIKES não teve impacto significativo na atuação dos residentes. Os residentes consideraram as simulações com feedback úteis. Mais pesquisas são necessárias para determinar qual modalidade é mais eficaz.

Breaking Bad News Training Program Based on Video Reviews and SPIKES Strategy: What do Perinatology Residents Think about It? / Programa de treinamento para comunicação de más notícias baseado em revisão de vídeos e na estratégia SPIKES: o que pensam os residentes de perinatologia?

Abstract Objective Resident doctors usually face the task to communicate bad news in perinatology without any formal training. The impact on parents can be disastrous. The objective of this paper is to analyze the perception of residents regarding a training program in communicating bad news in perinatology based on video reviews and setting, perception, invitation, knowledge, emotion, and summary (SPIKES) strategy. Methods We performed the analysis of complementary data collected from participants in a randomized controlled intervention study to evaluate the efficacy of a training program on improving residents' skills to communicate bad news. Data were collected using a Likert scale. Through a thematic content analysis we tried to to apprehend the meanings, feelings and experiences expressed by resident doctors in their comments as a response to an open-ended question. Half of the group received training, consisting of discussions of video reviews of participants' simulated encounters communicating a perinatal loss to a "mother" based on the SPIKES strategy. We also offered training sessions to the control group after they completed participation. Twenty-eight residents who were randomized to intervention and 16 from the control group received training. Twenty written comments were analyzed. Results The majority of the residents evaluated training highly as an education activity to help increase knowledge, ability and understanding about breaking bad news in perinatology. Three big categories emerged fromresidents' comments: SPIKES training effects; bad news communication in medical training; and doctors' feelings and relationship with patients. Conclusions Residents took SPIKES training as a guide to systematize the communication of bad news and to amplify perceptions of the emotional needs of the patients. They suggested the insertion of a similar training in their residency programs curricula.

Resumo Objetivo Médicos residentes, em geral, enfrentam a tarefa de comunicarmás notícias em perinatologia sem um treino formal prévio. O impacto nos pais pode ser desastroso. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as percepções dos residentes sobre um programa de treinamento para a comunicação de más notícias em perinatologia baseado na revisão de vídeos e na estratégia SPIKES. Métodos Analisamos os dados complementares coletados dos participantes de um estudo de intervenção controlado e aleatorizado que avaliou a eficácia de umprograma de treinamento para ampliar as habilidades dos residentes em comunicarmás notícias. Os dados foram coletados utilizando um questionário em escala Likert. Através da análise temática de conteúdos buscamos apreender os significados, sentimentos e experiências descritos nos comentários dos residentes em resposta a uma questão aberta avaliando o treinamento. Metade do grupo recebeu treinamento, que consistiu de discussões do vídeo da consulta simulada de cada participante em que ele comunicava uma perda perinatal para uma "mãe" baseado na estratégia SPIKES. Ofereceu-se treinamento também para o grupo controle após encerraram sua participação na pesquisa. Vinte e oito residentes aleatorizados para a intervenção e 16 do grupo controle receberam treinamento. Vinte comentários escritos foram analisados. Resultados A maioria dos residentes avaliou o treinamento como uma ótima atividade educativa para ajudá-los a aumentar conhecimento, habilidades e compreensão sobre o processo de comunicar más notícias em perinatologia. Três grandes categorias emergiram dos comentários: Efeitos do treinamento SPIKES, comunicação de más notícias no treinamento médico; e os sentimentos dos médicos e sua relação com os pacientes. Conclusão Residentes de perinatologia entenderam o treinamento SPIKES como um guia para sistematizar a comunicação de más notícias e ampliar suas percepções sobre as necessidades emocionais dos pacientes. Eles sugeriram que treinamentos similares fossem inseridos nos currículos dos programas de residência.

Breaking Bad News Training Program Based on Video Reviews and SPIKES Strategy: What do Perinatology Residents Think about It?

Objective Resident doctors usually face the task to communicate bad news in perinatology without any formal training. The impact on parents can be disastrous. The objective of this paper is to analyze the perception of residents regarding a training program in communicating bad news in perinatology based on video reviews and setting, perception, invitation, knowledge, emotion, and summary (SPIKES) strategy. Methods We performed the analysis of complementary data collected from participants in a randomized controlled intervention study to evaluate the efficacy of a training program on improving residents' skills to communicate bad news. Data were collected using a Likert scale. Through a thematic content analysis we tried to to apprehend the meanings, feelings and experiences expressed by resident doctors in their comments as a response to an open-ended question. Half of the group received training, consisting of discussions of video reviews of participants' simulated encounters communicating a perinatal loss to a "mother" based on the SPIKES strategy. We also offered training sessions to the control group after they completed participation. Twenty-eight residents who were randomized to intervention and 16 from the control group received training. Twenty written comments were analyzed. Results The majority of the residents evaluated training highly as an education activity to help increase knowledge, ability and understanding about breaking bad news in perinatology. Three big categories emerged from residents' comments: SPIKES training effects; bad news communication in medical training; and doctors' feelings and relationship with patients. Conclusions Residents took SPIKES training as a guide to systematize the communication of bad news and to amplify perceptions of the emotional needs of the patients. They suggested the insertion of a similar training in their residency programs curricula.

Objetivo Médicos residentes, em geral, enfrentam a tarefa de comunicar más notícias em perinatologia sem um treino formal prévio. O impacto nos pais pode ser desastroso. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as percepções dos residentes sobre um programa de treinamento para a comunicação de más notícias em perinatologia baseado na revisão de vídeos e na estratégia SPIKES. Métodos Analisamos os dados complementares coletados dos participantes de um estudo de intervenção controlado e aleatorizado que avaliou a eficácia de um programa de treinamento para ampliar as habilidades dos residentes em comunicar más notícias. Os dados foram coletados utilizando um questionário em escala Likert. Através da análise temática de conteúdos buscamos apreender os significados, sentimentos e experiências descritos nos comentários dos residentes em resposta a uma questão aberta avaliando o treinamento. Metade do grupo recebeu treinamento, que consistiu de discussões do vídeo da consulta simulada de cada participante em que ele comunicava uma perda perinatal para uma "mãe" baseado na estratégia SPIKES. Ofereceu-se treinamento também para o grupo controle após encerraram sua participação na pesquisa. Vinte e oito residentes aleatorizados para a intervenção e 16 do grupo controle receberam treinamento. Vinte comentários escritos foram analisados. Resultados A maioria dos residentes avaliou o treinamento como uma ótima atividade educativa para ajudá-los a aumentar conhecimento, habilidades e compreensão sobre o processo de comunicar más notícias em perinatologia. Três grandes categorias emergiram dos comentários: Efeitos do treinamento SPIKES, comunicação de más notícias no treinamento médico; e os sentimentos dos médicos e sua relação com os pacientes. Conclusão Residentes de perinatologia entenderam o treinamento SPIKES como um guia para sistematizar a comunicação de más notícias e ampliar suas percepções sobre as necessidades emocionais dos pacientes. Eles sugeriram que treinamentos similares fossem inseridos nos currículos dos programas de residência.

Potencial teórico, social y metodológico en los trabajos finales de graduación de la maestría de Enfermería Ginecológica, Obstétrica y Perinatal / Theoretical, methodological and social potential in the final works of the Master Degree in Gynecological, Obstetric and Perinatal Nursing

ResumenIntroducción.El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados del proyecto de investigación N°. 421-B2-A19 en cuanto al potencial teórico, social y metodológico en los trabajos finales de graduación realizados en la maestría de Enfermería Ginecológica, Obstétrica y Perinatal. El componente de investigación en un área del quehacer de la Enfermería, cuya meta es preparar a los profesionales en enfermería clínica acerca de utilizar diligentemente la investigación.Método.Se aplicó la investigación documental como una variante de la investigación científica cuyo objetivo fundamental es el análisis de diferentes fenómenos utilizando técnicas muy precisas de la documentación existente que, directa o indirectamente, aporte la información. Se incluyó 37 trabajos de investigación aplicada, 22 sustentados en el enfoque cualitativo y 15 en el cuantitativo, desde el año 2003 al 2011. A cada trabajo se le aplicó un análisis crítico utilizando una matriz construida a partir de elementos recomendados por CASpe para valorar documentos científicos cuantitativos (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Español). Para el análisis crítico de los trabajos finales de investigación de corte cualitativo también se construyó una matriz que incluye aspectos del CAT (Critically Appraised Topic): EBCP (Evidence-Based Clinical Practice).Resultado.Los trabajos finales de graduación no demostraron ser significativos en el cambio o mejoramiento de la práctica profesional en términos de mejorar la calidad de atención a las personas. Solo han sido relevantes para que se gradúe un grupo grande de estudiantes. Existe poca claridad -en general- de los aspectos metodológicos de los enfoques investigativos cualitativo y cuantitativo.Conclusión.La investigación en la maestría Ginecológica, Obstétrica y Perinatal no aporta un conocimiento enfermero sustantivo, lo cual provoca poco desarrollo disciplinar. Los trabajos finales de graduación aparentan ser solo requisito de graduación, por tanto, no contribuyen al mejoramiento de las prácticas ginecológicas, obstétricas y perinatales.

AbstractIntroduction.The aim of this paper is to present the results of the research project N°. 421-B2-A19 compared to the theoretical, social and methodological potential in the final works of the Masters Degree in Gynecological, Obstetric and Perinatal Nursing. The research component in an área of nursing, whose goal is to prepare professional clinical nurses about using research diligently.Method.Documentary research was applied as a variant of scientific research whose main objective is the analysis of different phenomena using very precise techniques of existing documentation, which directly or indirectly provide the information. 37 applied research projects, 22 in the qualitative approach and 15 in quantitative approach, from 2003 thru 2011. Each job was applied by using a critical analysis built from CASpe recomendations. We constructed a matrix for assessing documents of the quantitative approach (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Spanish). For critical analysis of the final work of qualitative research, a matrix was also constructed using aspects of CAT (Critically Appraised Topic): EBCP (Evidence-Based Clinical Practice).Result.The final graduation work proved not prevailing in change or improvement of professional practice in terms of improving the quality of care given to people. They have only been relevant for a large group of postgraduate students. There is little clarity, in general, of the methodological aspects of both research approaches: qualitative and quantitative.Conclusión.Research Master Degree in Gynecologic, Obstetric and Perinatal nursing does not provide a substantive nursing knowledge, which leads to poor disciplinary development Final papers appear to be only a graduation requirement, which does not contribute to the improvement of Gynecologic, Obstetric and Perinatal nursing practices based on research.

Evaluación del nivel de conocimientos relacionados con la reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal de profesionales y técnicos: Cárdenas / Evaluating the level of professionals and technicians knowledge on neonatal cardiopulmonary reanimation: Cardenas

Basado en los principios, categorías y leyes del materialismo dialéctico y del método científico aplicado. Se desarrolló un modelo clásico no experimental que nos permitió evaluar el nivel de conocimientos relacionados con la reanimación cardiopulmonar de los profesionales y técnicos del servicio de perinatología del Hospital Territorial del municipio de Cárdenas. La muestra utilizada estuvo compuesta por el total de trabajadores, profesionales y técnicos del servicio de perinatología (n: 40) del Hospital Territorial de Cárdenas, aplicándose un instrumento constituido por 2 factores, 9 variables y 22 items de respuestas. Se pudo constatar que en todas las categorías existen dificultades con los conocimientos relacionados con la reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal, en los médicos especialistas solo tuvieron el 49,6 por ciento de las respuestas satisfactorias, los residentes el 44,4 por ciento, los licenciados en enfermería 36,11 por ciento, las enfermeras con Post Básico el 44,4 por ciento y el grupo con peores resultados fueron las enfermeras con curso básico que solo tuvieron el 16,6 por ciento de respuestas satisfactorias. En general solo se alcanzaron el 42,2 por ciento de respuestas satisfactorias. Los resultados de la evaluación del nivel de conocimiento se valoran de malo, ya que menos del 70 por ciento alcanzó resultados satisfactorios en ninguno de los factores e indicadores definidos en el estudio. Y los indicadores con peores resultados en el estudio fueron el líquido amniótico, la frecuencia cardiaca, los factores condicionantes de la hipoxia y la aspiración...(AU)

Based on the principles, categories and laws of dialectic materialism and the applied scientific method, we developed a non-experimental classic model allowing us to evaluate the level of knowledge on cardiopulmonary reanimation professionals and technicians working at the service of perinatology of the Territorial Hospital of the municipality of Cardenas have. The sample was compose by all the workers, professional and technicians of the service of perinatology (n:40) of Cardenas Territorial Hospital, applying an instrument of 2 factors, 9 variables and 22 items. ...(AU)

Evaluación del nivel de conocimientos relacionados con la reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal de profesionales y técnicos: Cárdenas / Evaluating the level of professionals and technicians knowledge on neonatal cardiopulmonary reanimation: Cardenas

Basado en los principios, categorías y leyes del materialismo dialéctico y del método científico aplicado. Se desarrolló un modelo clásico no experimental que nos permitió evaluar el nivel de conocimientos relacionados con la reanimación cardiopulmonar de los profesionales y técnicos del servicio de perinatología del Hospital Territorial del municipio de Cárdenas. La muestra utilizada estuvo compuesta por el total de trabajadores, profesionales y técnicos del servicio de perinatología (n: 40) del Hospital Territorial de Cárdenas, aplicándose un instrumento constituido por 2 factores, 9 variables y 22 items de respuestas. Se pudo constatar que en todas las categorías existen dificultades con los conocimientos relacionados con la reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal, en los médicos especialistas solo tuvieron el 49,6 por ciento de las respuestas satisfactorias, los residentes el 44,4 por ciento, los licenciados en enfermería 36,11 por ciento, las enfermeras con Post Básico el 44,4 por ciento y el grupo con peores resultados fueron las enfermeras con curso básico que solo tuvieron el 16,6 por ciento de respuestas satisfactorias. En general solo se alcanzaron el 42,2 por ciento de respuestas satisfactorias. Los resultados de la evaluación del nivel de conocimiento se valoran de malo, ya que menos del 70 por ciento alcanzó resultados satisfactorios en ninguno de los factores e indicadores definidos en el estudio. Y los indicadores con peores resultados en el estudio fueron el líquido amniótico, la frecuencia cardiaca, los factores condicionantes de la hipoxia y la aspiración.

Based on the principles, categories and laws of dialectic materialism and the applied scientific method, we developed a non-experimental classic model allowing us to evaluate the level of knowledge on cardiopulmonary reanimation professionals and technicians working at the service of perinatology of the Territorial Hospital of the municipality of Cardenas have. The sample was compose by all the workers, professional and technicians of the service of perinatology (n:40) of Cardenas Territorial Hospital, applying an instrument of 2 factors, 9 variables and 22 items. We stated that all the categories have difficulties with knowledge on neonatal cardiopulmonary reanimation. Physician-specialists answered satisfactorily only 49.6 % of the questions, residents, 44.4 %, licentiates in nursery, 36.11 %, nurses of post-basic courses, 44.4 %, and the group of nurses of basic courses was the one with worse results, answering satisfactorily only 16.6 % of the questions. Generally, only 42.2 % of the questions were satisfactorily answered. The results of the knowledge evaluation were poor, because less than 70 % had satisfactory results in none of the factors and indicators of the study. The indicators with worse results were amniotic liquid, hearth frequency, and factors conditioning hypoxia and aspiration.

Effectiveness of a regional self-study perinatal education programme: a successful adaptation in Yucatan, Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Perinatal Continuing Education Programme (PCEP) in a Latin American country. METHODS: We carried out a study within secondary and tertiary care, and rural Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) hospitals on the Yucatan Peninsula. Participants were doctors, nurses and nursing assistants working with pregnant women and newborns at each hospital. The PCEP was translated into Spanish and then implemented between January 1998 and December 2001. Two nurses at each hospital were trained to co-ordinate the programme and the personnel were invited to participate. Participation involved purchasing the self-teaching books, study outside work hours and participation in skills demonstration and practice sessions. Evaluation included the percentage of personnel who participated in and those who completed the programme, an opinion survey of the programme, level of pre- and post-intervention knowledge, and the quality of neonatal care according to expert-recommended routines. Results were analysed with chi-square and Student's t-tests. RESULTS: A total of 65.3% of the 1421 people in the study population began the programme and 72% of those completed it. Improvement was observed in 14 of 23 (P<0.05) evaluated neonatal care practices. Participants rated the written material as very clear and useful in daily practice. CONCLUSIONS: The PCEP is an effective strategy for improving the level of knowledge and perinatal care in all regional hospitals on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. This initial application of the PCEP in a Spanish-speaking country was successful.

Proyecto Perinat: desarrollo de una red de perinatologia para paises de Latinoamerica / Perinat Project: development of the perinatology network for Latin American countries

La importancia adquirida por el Internet Relay Chat o IRC así como el llamado Webchat en la capacitacion a distancia, intercambio de informacion y actualización profesional interdisciplinarios en el area perinatologica de Latinoamerica merced a la disponibilidad de conexiones multiusuario de bajo costo, ha permitido recurrir a muchos centros perifericos de atencion de la madre embarazada, el recien nacido y/o el niño a la interconsulta con centros especializados; sin necesidad de trasladar al paciente o hacer viajar al especialista (AU)

Atención del parto de riesgo / Propuesta Normativa Perinatal / Attention of risk parturition

Parto de riesgo: Atención. Admisión de la embarazada. Morbilidad y mortalidad materna post parto. El recién nacido del parto de reisgo. Anexos: Control de la integridad del binomio madre-hijo. Normas de seguridad institucional