Surgical treatment and outcome of complete unilateral urinary tract duplication in a dog.

OBJECTIVE: To report the surgical technique and outcome for correction of complete unilateral duplication of the left urinary tract in a dog. ANIMALS: One 7-month-old entire male Jack Russell terrier. STUDY DESIGN: Case report METHODS: A dog was referred for investigation because of urinary incontinence (UI), preputial irritation (pruritus), diphallia, and cryptorchidism. Computed tomography including urethrographic studies revealed a left duplex kidney, double ectopic left ureters, and a duplex urinary bladder comprising two halves separated by a median septum, each of which emptied into a separate urethra which coursed through separate penises. The left testis was abdominally retained. The right upper urinary tract was considered normal, and the right testis was within the scrotum. Left sided ureteronephrectomy was performed, the median bladder septum was ablated, and the left urethra was ligated. The left penis was partially amputated, and the dog was castrated. RESULTS: Urinary incontinence was improved but persisted after surgery. After repeat imaging, revision surgery was performed 3 months later in which the distal stumps of the (left) ectopic ureters were found to be filling with urine from the right urethra. Urinary incontinence resolved after resection of these ureteric stumps from the prostate and complete transection of the left urethra. CONCLUSION: Extensive surgery with resection and correction of urinary tract duplication was successful in resolving UI in this case. Urogenital duplication should be considered a rare cause of UI. The presence of external congenital deformity (eg, diphallia) should alert clinicians to the possibility of significant concurrent internal abnormalities.

Standing male equine urogenital surgery.

The advantages of performing standing male urogenital surgeries are numerous when compared with performing the same surgery in the anesthetized animal. Some traditional standing male urogenital surgeries, such as castrations, may be faster and cheaper to perform. Laparoscopic standing male urogenital surgeries may allow for improved visualization of the surgical field, decreased hemorrhage, and decreased morbidity and convalescence. Limitations of standing procedures may include increased danger to the surgeon because of fractious behavior of the patient, and increased expense and training associated with instrumentation for specialized procedures such as laparoscopy.

Surgical treatment of hypospadias. Techniques and results in six dogs.

Various types of hypospadias and methods of surgical treatment of this anomaly in 6 dogs was described in this article. Methods of surgical treatment were set up individually for each case and depended on the type of hypospadias and coexisting anomalies. Shortening of the penis was performed in two dogs, amputation in three cases and an urethral reconstruction in one patient. Castration was performed in three cases. Persistent frenulum of the prepuce was found in two dogs. Additionally three patients were submitted to the plastic surgery of the prepuce anomalies. In one dog, the loose and free falling part of the prepuce was suspended and attached to the abdominal integument according to the original own method. In all dogs, uncomplicated wound healing was observed. Surgical procedures resulted in improved cosmesis with reducing clinical signs of hypospadias and other coexistent anomalies.

Selected urogenital surgery concerns and complications.

This article discusses selected urogenital surgeries. The discussion focuses on perioperative concerns and complications. The ideal approach to addressing complications resulting from disease processes or surgery is to avoid them. This approach requires knowledge of what can go wrong, gained by personal experience and that shared by others. The better one is able to anticipate potential complications, the more likely complications can be avoided.