Emergency Care Considerations for the Transgender Patient: Complications of Gender-Affirming Treatments.

The transgender population presents a unique challenge for the emergency nurse. There are types of surgeries, medications, complications, and differences in laboratory testing that are unique to transgender people. In addition, emergency nurses are increasingly encountering more transgender patients in the emergency department for care, referrals, and education. Yet, many emergency nurses lack the formal training to care for transgender patients and their families. A complete understanding of the terminology, gender-transforming surgeries, hormonal suppression and augmentation of sexual characteristics, adverse effects, complications of surgeries, and ongoing health risks owing to the altered hormonal milieu and potential risk for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases is important to provide the necessary emergency care for this emerging population.

Personas con reasignación de sexo: un reto para la enfermería / People with sex reassignment: a challenge for nursing

OBJETIVO: Identificar la evidencia científica disponible sobre las necesidades sanitarias a la que se enfrentan las personas transgéneros con reasignación de sexo. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica desde el 1 de enero de 2011 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2017 en las siguientes bases de datos: BDENF, Cochrane, Cuiden, Dialnet, LILACS, Pubmed, Scielo y WOS. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron un total de 1.600 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 13. En ellos se abordan diferentes áreas temáticas, destacando la estigmatización y discriminación del paciente, el temor a solicitar atención profesional, los problemas de salud mental que pueden llegar a padecer y el riesgo de contraer enfermedades infectocontagiosas. CONCLUSIÓN: Una atención sanitaria exenta de estigmatización y discriminación en proceso de reasignación de sexo reduce su temor a solicitar ayuda profesional. Por ello, se considera fundamental una buena formación docente al personal sanitario, especialmente al profesional de enfermería, que es quien va a acompañar al paciente a lo largo de todo el proceso asistencial

OBJECTIVE: Identify the available scientific evidence on the health needs faced by transgender people with sex reassignment. METHODOLOGY: A bibliographic search was carried out from January 1, 2011 until December 31, 2017 in the following databases: BDENF, Cochrane, Cuiden, Dialnet, LILACS, Pubmed, Scielo and WOS. RESULTS: A total of 1,600 articles were identified, of which 13 were selected. They mention different thematic areas, highlighting the stigmatization and discrimination of the patient, the fear of requesting professional attention, the mental health problems that can suffer and the risk of contracting infectious and contagious diseases. CONCLUSION: Health care free from stigmatization and discrimination against in the process of sex reassignment reduces their fear of seeking professional help. Therefore, a good teacher training is considered essential to health personnel, especially the nursing professional, who is going to accompany the patient throughout the entire care process

Registered Nurses as Optimizers of Gender-Affirming Care Within a Transgender and Intersex Specialty Care Clinic.

An estimated 1.4 million transgender adults live in the United States; this equates to approximately 0.6% of the U.S. population (Lane et al., 2018). Clinical focus on gender dysphoria has significantly increased over the past 30 years (MacCarthy, Reisner, Nunn, Perez-Brumer, & Operario, 2015), with burgeoning evidence from across disciplines documenting the positive outcomes associated with gender-affirming interventions. The purpose of this article is to illustrate how RNs optimize psychosocial, hormonal, and surgical gender-affirming care through performing comprehensive assessments, coordinating care, and providing education and health coaching.

O cuidado da enfermeira à pessoa transexual, no processo transexualizador, na perspectiva familiar / The nurse's care to the transgender person, in the transsexual process, from the family perspective

Introdução: O desejo da reintegração familiar e a concepção biologicista e binária que a família possui em relação às pessoas transexuais foram as inquietações que impulsionaram o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. O objetivo geral do estudo foi analisar as estratégias de cuidado adotadas por enfermeiras com as pessoas transexuais na perspectiva familiar no processo transexualizador. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória, utilizou o Método Narrativa de vida. As narrativas foram coletadas em três unidades de saúde cadastradas para o atendimento do processo transexualizador. As participantes do estudo foram 19 transexuais, 14 familiares e 03 enfermeiras que atendem às pessoas transexuais, no processo transexualizador. Para cada grupo de participantes, utilizaram-se diferentes questões norteadoras para as entrevistas narrativas, realizadas entre outubro de 2018 a abril de 2019, mediante a aceitação e assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), aprovado pelo comitê de Ética sob o parecer nº 2797427. Realizou-se a análise compreensiva a partir do seguinte indício: o transexual é prisioneiro do seu corpo, da normatização social e das instituições. Foram construídos três níveis de significação: primeiramente a construção da personalidade das pessoas transexuais, a situação objetiva nas relações e conflitos entre as pessoas transexuais com a família, enfermagemsistema de saúde e sociedade e as relações intersubjetivas fortes com a família frente ao processo de transição e consequências estruturais e das pessoas transexuais e suas famílias com a enfermeira frente ao processo de transição e consequências no cuidado. As narrativas foram discutidas na perspectiva da Teoria da Transição e com um aporte filosófico que aborde as relações de saber-poder, sexualidade, territorialidade, controle social, disciplina e controle dos corpos. Resultados e discussão: os níveis de significação evidenciaram a dificuldade das pessoas transexuais em vivenciar a transição física por influência da família e outras estruturas sociais como o sistema de saúde. O processo de interdição e separação sociofamiliar é um fenômeno marcado pela falta de informação sobre a transexualidade e pela pregação insistente de um discurso normativo binário como verdade que exclui as pessoas transexuais. A enfermeira na atenção básica, enquanto membro do microssistema de saúde e do macrossistema social, é cisnormativa, grande entrave na acessibilidade às tecnologias em saúde para a transição física no processo transexualizador, e prejudica o cuidado as pessoas transexuais. As enfermeiras no processo transexualizador, possuem um olhar cuidadoso e respeitoso a pessoa transexual, todavia, com foco no cuidado da transição física e não na abordagem integral e adaptação das famílias. Conclusão: O cuidado às pessoas transexuais, na perspectiva da família, ainda é um grande desafio para a enfermeira, com interferentes multifatoriais. O sentimento de inadequação física se manifesta desde a infância, persiste e promove a busca pelos serviços de saúde para a transição física e, consequentemente, adequação do seu corpo a identidade de gênero. Esse processo, entretanto, ocorre para além da transição física, e causa sofrimento com a interferência da família que não sabe conduzir ou cuidar da pessoa transexual. A limitação do estudo está na ausência de entrevistas com familiares que não aceitaram a transição.

Introduction: The desire for family reintegration and the biological and binary conception that the family has in relation to transgender people were the concerns that drove the development of research. The general objective of the study was to analyze the care strategies adopted by nurses with transgender people from a family perspective in the transsexualising process. Method: qualitative, descriptive, exploratory research, used the Narrative Method of life. The narratives were collected in three health units registered to meet the transsexualising process. The study participants were 19 transsexuals, 14 family members and 03 nurses who attend transgender people in the transsexualising process. For each group of participants, different guiding questions were used for the narrative interviews, conducted from October 2018 to April 2019, by accepting and signing the Informed Consent Form (ICF), approved by the Ethics Committee under Opinion No. 2797427. A comprehensive analysis was conducted based on the following evidence: the transsexual is a prisoner of his body, social norms and institutions. Three levels of meaning were constructed: firstly, the construction of the personality of transgender people, the objective situation in the relationships and conflicts between transgender people with the family, the nursing-health system and society, and the strong intersubjective relations with the family in the face of the process of transition and structural consequences of transgender people and their families with the nurse facing the transition process and consequences in care. The narratives were discussed from the perspective of Transition Theory and with a philosophical approach that addresses the relations of knowledge-power, sexuality, territoriality, social control, discipline and body control. Results and discussion: The levels of significance showed the difficulty of transgender people in experiencing the physical transition influenced by family and other social structures such as the health system. The process of interdiction and socio-family separation is a phenomenon marked by the lack of information about transsexuality and the insistent preaching of a binary normative discourse as truth that excludes transgender people. The primary care nurse, as a member of the health microsystem and the social macrosystem, is cisnormative, a major barrier to accessibility to health technologies for the physical transition in the transsexualising process, and undermines care for transgender people. The nurses in the transsexualising process have a careful and respectful look at the transgender person, however, focusing on the care of the physical transition and not on the integral approach and adaptation of families. Conclusion: Caring for transgender people from a family perspective is still a major challenge for nurses with multifactorial interferences. The feeling of physical inadequacy manifests itself since childhood, persists and promotes the search for health services for the physical transition and, consequently, the adaptation of your body to gender identity. This process, however, occurs beyond the physical transition, and causes suffering with interference from the family who cannot drive or care for the transgender person. The limitation of the study is the absence of interviews with family members who did not accept the transition.

Gender Creative or Transgender Youth and Advanced Nursing Practice.

The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) defines gender dysphoria as "Discomfort or distress that is caused by a discrepancy between a person's gender identity and that person's sex assigned at birth (and the associated gender role and/or primary and secondary sex characteristics)" (WPATH, 2016). Gender creative (GC) and transgender (TG) youth are at high risk for severe mental health disparities if they don't receive competent and timely gender transitioning care. Although awareness and early care of TG youth in specialty clinics is improving and increasing, there is still much effort that is required to eliminate barriers to care at many levels and thus improve outcomes. Nurses, particularly advanced practice nurses, are poised to lead the way in creating safe, inclusive, family centered spaces for TG and GC children, youth and their families as well as acting as vital mentors for other nurses. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the increasing prevalence of GC and TG youth, the significance of inclusive care for GC and TG youth, treatment guidelines, and the impact parents and advanced practice nurses can have on the journey of these youth as they explore and find their place on the gender spectrum.

[Transgender women and the Gender Reassignment Process: subjection experiences, suffering and pleasure in body adaptation]. / Mulheres transexuais e o Processo Transexualizador: experiências de sujeição, padecimento e prazer na adequação do corpo.

OBJECTIVE: This article seeks to understand the experiences of transgender women in relation to the hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgery that make up the Gender Reassignment Process. METHOD: It is a qualitative study inserted into the field of cultural and gender studies. Data collection used narrative interviews, conducted in 2010 and 2011, with seven transsexual women who had been undergoing the Gender Reassignment Process for at least two years. The data was submitted to a thematic analysis. RESULTS: The results show that the transformation processes for construction of the female body include behavior adaptation, posture modification, voice modulation, hormone use, vaginal canal dilation and surgical complications. Such processes subject the body to be built as idealized to fit the gender identity, infringing on pleasures and afflictions. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the discussion involving the Gender Reassignment Process brings allowances for nursing regarding body changes experienced by transgender women.

Transgender women and the Gender Reassignment Process: subjection experiences, suffering and pleasure in body adaptation / Mujeres transgénero y el Proceso Transexualizador: experiências de sometimiento, sufrimiento y placer en la adecuación del cuerpo / Mulheres transexuais e o Processo Transexualizador: experiências de sujeição, padecimento e prazer na adequação do corpo

OBJECTIVE: This article seeks to understand the experiences of transgender women in relation to the hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgery that make up the Gender Reassignment Process. METHOD: It is a qualitative study inserted into the field of cultural and gender studies. Data collection used narrative interviews, conducted in 2010 and 2011, with seven transsexual women who had been undergoing the Gender Reassignment Process for at least two years. The data was submitted to a thematic analysis. RESULTS: The results show that the transformation processes for construction of the female body include behavior adaptation, posture modification, voice modulation, hormone use, vaginal canal dilation and surgical complications. Such processes subject the body to be built as idealized to fit the gender identity, infringing on pleasures and afflictions. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the discussion involving the Gender Reassignment Process brings allowances for nursing regarding body changes experienced by transgender women. .

OBJETIVO: Esta investigación busca entender experiencias de mujeres transexuales con relación a la terapia hormonal y cirugía de reasignación de sexo, que constituyen el Proceso Transexualizador. MÉTODO: Se trata de una investigación cualitativa ubicada en el campo de los Estudios Culturales y de Género. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la entrevista narrativa, llevada a cabo entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2011 con siete mujeres transexuales que se sometieron a la totalidad del Proceso Transexualizador por, un mínimo de dos años. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis temático. RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran que la construcción de un cuerpo femenino implica procedimientos para cambiar el comportamiento, postura, el tono de voz, el uso de la terapia hormonal, dilatación del canal vaginal y complicaciones quirúrgicas. Estos procesos someten al cuerpo a construirse como fue diseñado para adaptarse a su identidad de género, causando placeres y sufrimientos. CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio muestra que la discusión del Proceso Transexualizador trae subsidios para enfermería acerca de los cambios corporales que experimentan las mujeres transexuales. .

OBJETIVO: Neste artigo, busca-se compreender as experiências de mulheres transexuais em relação à hormonioterapia e à cirurgia de redesignação sexual que constituem o Processo Transexualizador. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa inserida no campo dos estudos culturais e de gênero. A coleta de dados utilizou entrevistas narrativas, realizadas em 2010 e 2011 com sete mulheres transexuais que se submeteram ao Processo Transexualizador há, pelo menos, dois anos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostram que os processos de transformação para a construção do corpo feminino envolvem adequar o comportamento, postura, empostação da voz, uso de hormônios, dilatação do canal vaginal e complicações cirúrgicas. Tais processos sujeitam o corpo a se construir conforme idealizado para adequar-se a sua identidade de gênero, infringindo-lhe prazeres e padecimentos. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a discussão que envolve o Processo Transexualizador traz subsídios para a enfermagem acerca das modificações corporais vivenciadas pelas mulheres transexuais. .

[After "transsexualism"]. / Après le "transsexualisme".

Sex reassignment protocols in France do not meet the demands of people in transition. Consequently, transsexual people draw up what are called "free" transitions, without any psychiatric follow-up, opening the way for discussion on the place of the law and the need for psychiatry in these cases.

Care of the child with the desire to change genders - part III: male-to-female transition.

In Part I of this three-part article, the psychological and medical care of the child wishing to change gender was described. In Part II, preparation for surgery for young adults who were genetically female and undergo surgery to transition to male identity was presented. This third part presents the surgical treatments for gender reassignment procedures for a genetic male wishing to reassign as female. Discussion is included about how parents are responding to these wishes from their prepubescent and teenage children.