Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts in Cervical Cancer Progression: FAP as a Central Activation Marker.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cancer among women and is one of the principal gynecological malignancies. In the tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role during malignant progression, exhibiting a variety of heterogeneous phenotypes. CAFs express phenotypic markers like fibroblast activation protein (FAP), vimentin, S100A4, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and functional markers such as MMP9. This study aimed to evaluate the protein expression of vimentin, S100A4, αSMA, FAP, and MMP9 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-CAF cells, as well as in cervical cancer samples. MSC cells were stimulated with HeLa and SiHa tumor cell supernatants, followed by protein evaluation and cytokine profile to confirm differentiation towards a CAF phenotype. In addition, automated immunohistochemistry (IHQa) was performed to evaluate the expression of these proteins in CC samples at different stages. Our findings revealed a high expression of FAP in stimulated MSC cells, accompanied by the secretion of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the other hand, CC samples were observed to have high expression of FAP, vimentin, αSMA, and MMP9. Most importantly, there was a high expression of their activation proteins αSMA and FAP during the different stages. In the early stages, a myofibroblast-like phenotype (CAFs αSMA+ FAP+), and in the late stages a protumoral phenotype (CAF αSMA- FAP+). In summary, FAP has a crucial role in the activation of CAFs during cervical cancer progression.

Low EGFL7 expression is associated with high lymph node spread and invasion of lymphatic vessels in colorectal cancer.

Studies indicate EGFL7 as an important gene in controlling angiogenesis and cancer growth, including in colorectal cancer (CRC). Anti-EGFL7 agents are being explored, yet without promising results. Therefore, the role of EGFL7 in CRC carcinogenesis should be investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of EGFL7 expression in CRC and the signaling pathways influenced by this gene. EGFL7 expression was evaluated through immunohistochemistry in 463 patients diagnosed with CRC and further associated with clinicopathological data, angiogenesis markers and survival. In silico analyzes were performed with colon adenocarcinoma data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Analysis of enriched gene ontology and pathways were performed using the differentially expressed genes. 77.7% of patients presented low EGFL7 expression, which was associated with higher lymph node spread and invasion of lymphatic vessels, with no impact on survival. Additionally, low EGFL7 expression was associated with high VEGFR2 expression. Finally, we found in silico that EGFL7 expression was associated with cell growth, angiogenesis, and important pathways such as VEGF, Rap-1, MAPK and PI3K/Akt. Expression of EGFL7 in tumor cells may be associated with important pathways that can alter functions related to tumor invasive processes, preventing recurrence and metastatic process.

Mutant p53 Gain-of-Function Induces Migration and Invasion through Overexpression of miR-182-5p in Cancer Cells.

The master-key TP53 gene is a tumor suppressor that is mutated in more than 50% of human cancers. Some p53 mutants lose their tumor suppressor activity and acquire new oncogenic functions, known as a gain of function (GOF). Recent studies have shown that p53 mutants can exert oncogenic effects through specific miRNAs. We identified the differentially expressed miRNA profiles of the three most frequent p53 mutants (p53R273C, p53R248Q, and p53R175H) after their transfection into the Saos-2 cell line (null p53) as compared with p53WT transfected cells. The associations between these miRNAs and the signaling pathways in which they might participate were identified with miRPath Software V3.0. QRT-PCR was employed to validate the miRNA profiles. We observed that p53 mutants have an overall negative effect on miRNA expression. In the global expression profile of the human miRNome regulated by the p53R273C mutant, 72 miRNAs were underexpressed and 35 overexpressed; in the p53R175H miRNAs profile, our results showed the downregulation of 93 and upregulation of 10 miRNAs; and in the miRNAs expression profile regulated by the p53R248Q mutant, we found 167 decreased and 6 increased miRNAs compared with p53WT. However, we found overexpression of some miRNAs, like miR-182-5p, in association with processes such as cell migration and invasion. In addition, we explored whether the induction of cell migration and invasion by the p53R48Q mutant was dependent on miR-182-5p because we found overexpression of miR-182-5p, which is associated with processes such as cell migration and invasion. Inhibition of mutant p53R248Q and miR-182-5p increased FOXF2-MTSS1 levels and decreased cell migration and invasion. In summary, our results suggest that p53 mutants increase the expression of miR-182-5p, and this miRNA is necessary for the p53R248Q mutant to induce cell migration and invasion in a cancer cell model.

(-)-Epicatechin Inhibits Metastatic-Associated Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Murine Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro.

Breast cancer, due to its high incidence and mortality, is a public health problem worldwide. Current chemotherapy uses non-specific cytotoxic drugs, which inhibit tumor growth but cause significant adverse effects. (-)-Epicatechin (EC) is part of a large family of biomolecules called flavonoids. It is widely distributed in the plant kingdom; it can be found in green tea, grapes, and cocoa. Several studies in animals and humans have shown that EC induces beneficial effects in the skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, reducing risk factors such as arterial hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, damage to skeletal muscle structure, and mitochondrial malfunction by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, with no adverse effects reported. Recently, we reported that EC had an antitumor effect in a murine triple-negative mammary gland tumor model, decreasing tumoral size and volume and increasing survival by 44%. This work aimed to characterize the effects of flavanol EC on proliferation, migration, and metastasis markers of triple-negative murine breast (4T1) cancer cells in culture. We found proliferation diminished and Bax/Bcl2 ratio increased. When the migration of culture cells was evaluated, we observed a significant reduction in migration. Also, the relative expression of the genes associated with metastasis, Cdh1, Mtss1, Pten, Bmrs, Fat1, and Smad4, was increased. In conclusion, these results contribute to understanding molecular mechanisms activated by EC that can inhibit metastatic-associated proliferation, migration, and invasion of murine breast cancer cells.

A Triazaspirane Derivative Inhibits Migration and Invasion in PC3 Prostate Cancer Cells.

Cancer is a serious health problem due to the complexity of establishing an effective treatment. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the activity of a triazaspirane as a migration and invasion inhibitor in PC3 prostatic tumor cells through a possible negative regulation of the FAK/Src signal transduction pathway and decreased secretion of metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Molecular docking analysis was performed using Moe 2008.10 software. Migration (wound-healing assay) and invasion (Boyden chamber assay) assays were performed. In addition, the Western blot technique was used to quantify protein expression, and the zymography technique was used to observe the secretion of metalloproteinases. Molecular docking showed interactions in regions of interest of the FAK and Src proteins. Moreover, the biological activity assays demonstrated an inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion, an important suppression of metalloproteinase secretion, and a decrease in the expression of p-FAK and p-Src proteins in treated PC3 cells. Triazaspirane-type molecules have important inhibitory effects on the mechanisms associated with metastasis in PC3 tumor cells.

Elemental profiles in distant tissues during tumor progression.

BACKGROUND: Essential elements have functions in tumor progression by promoting protumoral cellular processes, such as proliferation, and migration, among others. Obtaining an understanding of how these elements relate to tumor progression processes is of great importance for research. Elemental profile studies in distant tissues, which can be modulated by tumor cells to promote metastasis, have not been sufficiently investigated. The main goal of this study is to evaluate multielemental distribution during tumor progression, focusing on tumor tissue and distant tissues that may be affected. METHODS: Tumor progression in vivo was simulated by inoculating C57BL/6 mice with Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells. Samples of the primary tumor and distant tissues were collected during 5 weeks of tumor progression for the control and experimental (tumor-bearing) groups. The biological samples were analyzed using the synchrotron radiation X-Ray fluorescence technique. Data on the concentration of P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in the samples were obtained and statistically analyzed to evaluate the distribution of the elements during tumor progression in the primary tumor as well as distant tissues. RESULTS: It was possible to observe significant changes in the concentrations' distribution of P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Cu in distant tissues caused by the presence of tumor cells. It was also possible to detect a greater similarity between tumor tissue (which has the lung as tissue of origin) and a tissue of non-origin, such as the liver, which is an unprecedented result. Moreover, changes in the distributions of concentrations were detected and studied over time for the different tissues analyzed, such as primary tumor, liver and lung, in Control and Tumor groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among other results, this paper could explore the modulation of distant tissues caused by the presence of a primary tumor. This could be achieved by the evaluation of several elements of known biological importance allowing the study of different biological processes involved in cancer. The role of essential elements as modulators of the tumor microenvironment is a relevant aspect of tumor progression and this work is a contribution to the field of tumoral metallomics.

Differential effects of omega-3 PUFAS on tumor progression at early and advanced stages in TRAMP mice.

BACKGROUND: In vitro studies evidenced antitumor effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ([n-3] PUFAs), but their effects on prostate cancer (PCa) remain controversial in epidemiological studies. Here we investigated whether an (n-3) PUFA-enriched diet affects tumor progression in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP), at early (12 weeks age) and advanced stages (20 weeks age). METHODS: TRAMP mice were fed with standard rodent diet (C12, C20) or (n-3) PUFA-enriched diet containing 10% fish oil (T12, T20). A group of 8 weeks age animals fed standard diet was also used for comparison (C8). The ventral prostate was processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses and serum samples submitted to biochemical assays. RESULTS: At early stages, (n-3) PUFA increased the frequency of normal epithelium (3.8-fold) and decreased the frequency of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (3.3-fold) and in situ carcinoma (1.9-fold) in the gland, maintaining prostate pathological status similar to C8 group. At advanced stages, 50% of the animals developed a large primary tumor in both C20 and T20, and tumor weight did not differ (C20: 2.2 ± 2.4; T20: 2.8 ± 2.9 g). The ventral prostate of T12 and of T20 animals that did not develop primary tumors showed lower cell proliferation, tissue expressions of androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors, than their respective controls. For these animals, (n-3) PUFA also avoided an increase in the number of T-lymphocytes, collagen fibers, and αSMA immunoreactivity, and preserved stromal gland microenvironment. (n-3) PUFA also lowered serum triglycerides and cholesterol, regulating the lipid metabolism of TRAMP mice. CONCLUSIONS: (n-3) PUFAs had a protective effect at early stages of PCa, delaying tumor progression in TRAMP mice, in parallel with reductions in cell proliferation, AR, and GR and maintenance of the stromal compartment of the gland. However, (n-3) PUFAs did not prevent the development of primary tumors for the T20 group, reinforcing the need for further investigation at advanced stages of disease.

Proliferation and Invasion of Melanoma Are Suppressed by a Plant Protease Inhibitor, Leading to Downregulation of Survival/Death-Related Proteins.

Cell adhesion and migration are crucial for cancer progression and malignancy. Drugs available for the treatment of metastatic melanoma are expensive and unfit for certain patients. Therefore, there is still a need to identify new drugs that block tumor cell development. We investigated the effects of Enterolobium contortisiliquum trypsin inhibitor (EcTI), a protease inhibitor, on cell viability, cell migration, invasion, cell adhesion, and cell death (hallmarks of cancer) in vitro using human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28 and CHL-1). Although EcTI did not affect non-tumor cells, it significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion of melanoma cells. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms revealed that EcTI triggered apoptosis and nuclear shrinkage, increased PI uptake, activated effector caspases-3/7, and produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, EcTI disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential, altered calcium homeostasis, and modified proteins associated with survival and apoptosis/autophagy regulation. Acridine orange staining indicated acidic vesicular organelle formation upon EcTI treatment, demonstrating a cell death display. Electronic microscopy corroborated the apoptotic pattern by allowing the visualization of apoptotic bodies, mitochondrial cristae disorganization, and autophagic vesicles. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the anti-cancer properties of the natural EcTI protein, establishing it as a promising new therapeutic drug for use in melanoma treatment.

Mitochondria in tumour progression: a network of mtDNA variants in different types of cancer.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial participation in tumorigenesis and metastasis has been studied for many years, but several aspects of this mechanism remain unclear, such as the association of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with different cancers. Here, based on two independent datasets, we modelled an mtDNA mutation-cancer network by systematic integrative analysis including 37 cancer types to identify the mitochondrial variants found in common among them. RESULTS: Our network showed mtDNA associations between gastric cancer and other cancer types, particularly kidney, liver, and prostate cancers, which is suggestive of a potential role of such variants in the metastatic processes among these cancer types. A graph-based interactive web tool was made available at www2.lghm.ufpa.br/mtdna. We also highlighted that most shared variants were in the MT-ND4, MT-ND5 and D-loop, and that some of these variants were nonsynonymous, indicating a special importance of these variants and regions regarding cancer progression, involving genomic and epigenomic alterations. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces the importance of studying mtDNA in cancer and offers new perspectives on the potential involvement of different mitochondrial variants in cancer development and metastasis.

A Systematic Review of MicroRNAs Involved in Cervical Cancer Progression.

To obtain a better understanding on the role of microRNAs in the progression of cervical cancer, a systematic review was performed to analyze cervical cancer microRNA studies. We provide an overview of the studies investigating microRNA expression in relation to cervical cancer (CC) progression, highlighting their common outcomes and target gene interactions according to the regulatory pathways. To achieve this, we systematically searched through PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for all articles between April 2010 and April 2020, in accordance with the PICO acronym (participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes). From 27 published reports, totaling 1721 cases and 1361 noncancerous control tissue samples, 26 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified in different International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages of cervical cancer development. It was identified that some of the dysregulated microRNAs were associated with specific stages of cervical cancer development. The results indicated that DEmiRNAs in different stages of cervical cancer were functionally involved in several key hallmarks of cancer, such as evading growth suppressors, enabling replicative immortality, activation of invasion and metastasis, resisting cell death, and sustained proliferative signaling. These dysregulated microRNAs could play an important role in cervical cancer's development. Some of the stage-specific microRNAs can also be used as biomarkers for cancer classification and monitoring the progression of cervical cancer.

Leucemia mieloide aguda en adulto mayor comórbido. A propósito de un caso / Acute myeloid leukemia in a comorbid adult. About a case

Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 81 años de edad, con cuadro de 24 horas de evolución secundario a caída, caracterizado por somnolencia, desorientación en persona, tiempo y espacio, incontinencia urinaria y dificultad para la deambulación, motivo por el cual se le efectúa una tomografía simple de cráneo encontrándose hematomas subdurales bilaterales, presenta episodios de sangrado recurrente y leucocitosis sostenida , en frotis de sangre periférica se observó 28% de blastos por lo que se realiza una biopsia de medula ósea descubriéndose un cariotipo medular compatible con leucemia mieloide aguda, debido a sus características clínicas y a su mala evolución fue catalogado como paciente paliativo. Conclusiones: la leucemia mieloide aguda es una patología hematológica cuya evolución al no ser detectada genera un alto grado de mortalidad, sobre todo en el adulto mayor comórbido.

It was presented a clinical case of a male patient of 81 years of age, with a 24-hour of secondary evolution to a fall. It was characterized by drowsiness, disorientation in person, time and space, urinary incontinence and difficulty in walking, that was why a simple skull tomography was performed, in which bilateral subdural hematomas were found. The patient presented episodes of recurrent bleeding and sustained leukocytosis. Peripheral blood smear showed 28% of blasts, so a bone marrow biopsy was performed, revealing a medullary karyotype compatible with acute myeloid leukemia. The patient was classified as palliative due to its clinical characteristics and evolution. The hematological pathology above was potentially fatal. If this one was not detected early, it would generate an accelerated unfavorable evolution, especially in the elderly comorbid, as occurred in the case presented.

Effects of cotreatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and anticancer agents on oxidative stress parameters: a systematic review of in vitro, animal, and human studies.

Context: Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, demonstrate possible beneficial effects as adjuvants in cancer treatment. One mechanism seems to be related to alterations in the redox status of cancer cells. Such alterations are thought to act in synergy with conventional anticancer agents. Objective: This review examines published data on the effects of cotreatment with anticancer agents and n-3 PUFAS on oxidative stress parameters to determine whether any patterns of oxidative stress alterations can be identified. Data Sources: A systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed) was conducted to identify articles published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese until November 2017. Study Selection: The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) individuals or animals with cancer or malignant cell lines supplemented with some source of n-3 PUFAs; (2) concomitant use of anticancer treatment; and (3) evaluation of oxidative stress-related variables. Data Extraction: A standardized outline was used to extract the following data: study type, supplement used, type of cells, tumor or patient characteristics, study design, anticancer treatment used, and oxidative stress-related outcomes. Results: After the literature search and screening of 1563 citations, 28 studies were included for data extraction and evaluation: 16 in vitro studies (2 of which also used in vivo studies), 8 animal studies, and 4 human studies (3 clinical trials and 1 case series). In most in vitro and animal studies, intervention groups receiving cotreatment with n-3 PUFAs showed enhanced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity compared with groups receiving anticancer treatment alone. Eleven of the 12 studies that investigated the effect of vitamin E on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the oxidative stress caused by n-3 PUFAs showed that vitamin E abolished the positive effects of cotreatment. Conclusions: Alterations in oxidative stress caused by cotreatment with anticancer agents and n-3 PUFAs can exert positive effects on the efficacy of conventional treatment. This seems to occur in most cells and tumors tested thus far, but not all. Identifying tumors that are sensitive to these oxidative effects may provide support for the rational use of n-3 PUFAs as an adjuvant treatment in specific types of cancer.

Tumor miofibroblástico: una entidad rara, a una edad de presentación neonatal aún más rara. Presentación de caso / Myofibroblastic tumor: a rare entity and even more rare age of presentation. A case report

Se expone el caso de un neonato, a quien durante el examen físico se le palpa una masa en el hipocondrio izquierdo. Le realizan ecografía abdominal con hallazgo de una masa de probable origen suprarrenal; la resonancia magnética (RM) muestra una masa dependiente del mesenterio. En cirugía se observa importante adhesión a los órganos vecinos, se le realiza biopsia con resultado de tumor miofibroblástico. Este tumor hace parte del grupo heterogéneo de lesiones formadoras de masa llamado pseudotumor inflamatorio, el cual se define como una neoplasia fibroblástica/ miofibroblástica, con potencial biológico intermedio, de mayor ocurrencia en niños. Dada la baja frecuencia de aparición en edad neonatal, se realiza una revisión de la literatura acerca de su etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento.

We present the case of a neonate, who upon physical examination a mass is palpated in the left hypochondrium, Abdominal ultrasound is performed with finding of a mass of probable adrenal origin; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a mass dependent on the mesentery. In surgery, important adhesion to neighboring organs is observed; biopsy is performed with the result of myofibroblastic tumor. This tumor is part of the heterogeneous group of mass-forming lesions called inflammatory pseudotumor, which is defined as a fibroblastic/myofibroblastic neoplasm, with intermediate biological potential, of greater occurrence in children. Given the low frequency of appearance in neonatal age, a review of the literature about its aetiology, diagnosis and treatment is carried out.

Mortalidad por cáncer en la CABA según Comunas. Comparación 2006-2010/2011-2015 / Cancer mortality in CABA according to Communes: Comparison 2006-2010/2011-2015

En la actualidad, las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) constituyen la principal causa de mortalidad mundial. Las enfermedades crónicas se caracterizan por su larga duración, progresividad y curación no previsible, pudiendo requerir tratamiento y control durante una extensa e indeterminada cantidad de años. El cáncer forma parte del grupo de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), junto con las enfermedades cardiovasculares, respiratorias crónicas y diabetes. Estas enfermedades, se encuentran entre los problemas más comunes y más costosos para la salud pública de la población. El presente documento describe el comportamiento de la mortalidad global por cáncer y por los principales sitios tumorales, en residentes de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, según sexo y comunas, en dos quinquenios: 2006-2010 y 2011-2015. En primer lugar se describe la variación de la mortalidad entre los periodos mencionados para las principales causas, en el total de la CABA, según sexo. En segundo lugar, se calcula y se compara la variación de la mortalidad entre los periodos mencionados, en el total y tres principales causas, según sexo y comunas de la Ciudad. Para el análisis de la mortalidad en la CABA se utilizaron las bases provistas por la Dirección de Estadísticas e información en Salud (DEIS) y del Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y reporte del Cáncer (SIVER/INC). Además, se utilizó como fuente de datos, el "Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer en Argentina 2011-2015", en el capítulo correspondiente a la Ciudad de Buenos Aires

Situación epidemiológica del cáncer / Epidemiological situation of cancer

El cáncer forma parte del grupo de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), junto con las enfermedades cardiovasculares, respiratorias crónicas y diabetes. Estas enfermedades, se encuentran entre los problemas más comunes y más costosos para la salud pública. Esta patología comprende un conjunto de entidades nosológicas caracterizadas por crecimiento descontrolado de células anormales que presentan morfología, manifestaciones clínicas, pronóstico y determinantes diferentes.El siguiente documento se estructura en tres segmentos; en el primero se describe la situación internacional y regional de la morbilidad y mortalidad por cáncer, en comparación con la Argentina y la incidencia de morbilidad por localización tumoral estimada para el país, por fuentes internacionales. En el segundo, se calcula la mortalidad nacional y provincial según sexo con fuentes locales y; finalmente la descripción de la evolución de la mortalidad por cáncer según sexo para la ciudad de Buenos Aires, en la cual se comparan dos quinquenios 2007-2011 y 2011-2015, a través de fuentes locales. (AU)

Manejo del dolor neuropático inducido por quimioterapia y radioterapia en un Servicio de Cuidados Paliativos / Management of neuropathic pain induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy in a Palliative Care Service

Introduction: The prevalence of pain in patients with cancer ranges between 40 and 60 % and the third part is produced by neuropathy induced by chemotherapy. The aim of the present investigation was to describe the treatment of a group of patients with neuropathy secondary to chemo and radiotherapy at a cancer center in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Methods: The present descriptive study includes records of patients who presented neuropathic pain after antineoplastic treatment (chemotherapy - radiotherapy) who were treated in the palliative care area of the Solca-Guayaquil hospital. The type of treatment is described, analgesic control at 3 and 6 months. Results: 150 patients attended for pain in the service were registered, of which 70 patients were admitted to the study for neuropathic pain, 80 patients were excluded because they presented nociceptive pain. In the study group of 70 cases with neuropathic pain, 50 cases (71.4 %) were due to the administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 20 cases (28.6 %) were without treatment. The 50 oncological patients with neuropathic pain caused as a side effect of the oncological treatment all received 5 types of pharmacological treatments. The treatment drop-out rate was 6 cases (12 %). The remaining cases presented improvement after 6 months of treatment, 44 cases (88 %). No patient required blocking for pain control. Conclusions: The therapeutic intervention for the management of neuropathic pain secondary to chemo or radiotherapy was effective in 88% of the cases at a period greater than 6 months. In the control of pain, 5 additive therapeutic levels were used in each level with opioids, tricyclic antidepressants and strong opioids.

Fármacos Antiangiogenicos en enfermedades neovasculares de la retina / Antiangiogenic drugs in neovascular retinal diseases

El incremento del factor de crecimiento vascular endotelial (VEGF) en procesos degenerativos, obstructivos e incluso neoplásicos promueve la formación de nuevos vasos sanguíneos aberrantes y perjudiciales para la agudeza visual. En los últimos años, la creación de fármacos antiangiogénicos (anti-VEGF) y su uso intravítreo han revolucionado la terapéutica de las enfermedades neovasculares de la retina incrementando la calidad de vida de las personas que la padecen. El siguiente artículo de revisión narrativa busca analizar la seguridad, eficacia, posología, vía de administración y esquemas internacionales de tratamiento anti-VEGF en la Degeneración Macular Asociada a la Edad (DMAE) Exudativa, Edema Macular Diabético (EMA), Oclusión de la Vena Central de la Retina (OVCR), Oclusión de Rama Venosa de la Retina (ORVR) y en el Retinoblastoma. En la actualidad, el uso de fármacos anti-VEGF representa una elección segura y eficaz en el tratamiento de patologías neovasculares de retina.

An Increased vascular endothelial growth factor in degenerative, obstructive and even neoplastic processes is the main pathophysiological mechanism for the formation of aberrant blood vessels, which are detrimental and put at risk the visual acuity of the individual. In recent years, the creation of antiangiogenic (anti-VEGF) drugs and their intravitreal use have revolutionized the therapy of retinal neovascular diseases and have provided an increase in the quality of life of people suffering from it. The following narrative review article seeks to analyze the safety, efficacy, posology, route of administration and international regimens of anti-VEGF treatment in Exudative Age-Associated Macular Degeneration (AMD), Diabetic Macular Oedema (DME), Occlusion of the Central Retina Vein (CRVO), Retinal Venous Branch Occlusion (BRVO) and Retinoblastoma. The anti-VEGF intraocular therapy represents a safe and effective choice in the treatment of retinal neovascular pathologies.

Conocimientos sobre cáncer cérvico uterino en población de riesgo. Ciego Montero. Cienfuegos, Cuba 2015 / Knowledge about cervical cancer in the at-risk population. Ciego Montero. Cienfuegos, Cuba 2015

Cervical carcinoma is a disease that has had a major impact in all social spheres contributing to high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including malignant neoplasms that develop in the lower fibromuscular portion of the uterus. Objective : to identify the knowledge about cervical cancer in women included in the Early Cervical Cancer Detection Program, belonging to the Office No. 4 of the Popular Council Arriete - Ciego Montero. Methodology : a sample of 93 participants was selected from a universe of 233 patients included in the program, which represents 40%. The data were obtained mainly through the application of a survey to the population under study. Results : the 36-40 age group prevailed. 33.3% of the patients surveyed had a High school diploma. 81% of respondents reported having received information about this disease. Having multiple sexual partners was identified as the most common risk factor for 93.5% of patients. Conclusions : There is no information about the age of some patients included in the Early Cervical Cancer Detection Program, nor about the periodicity of the Pap test, the main symptoms, risk factors and methods of prevention of cervical cancer pathology.

El cáncer cervico-uterino, o carcinoma del cuello uterino, es una enfermedad que ha provocado gran impacto en todas las esferas sociales contribuyendo a las altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo entero, incluye las neoplasias malignas que se desarrollan en la porción fibromuscular inferior del útero. Objetivo Identificar los conocimientos sobre cáncer cérvico-uterino en las mujeres comprendidas dentro del programa de detección precoz del mismo, pertenecientes al Consultorio N° 4 del Consejo Popular Arriete - Ciego Montero Metodología De un universo de 233 pacientes incluidas dentro del programa se seleccionó una muestra de 93 participantes, la cual representa el 40 %. Los datos fueron obtenidos fundamentalmente mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a la población objeto de estudio. Resultados Predominó el grupo de edad de 36 a 40 años, el 33.3 % de las pacientes encuestadas presentan un nivel de escolaridad de duodécimo grado, el 81 % de las participantes encuestadas refirió haber recibido información sobre esta enfermedad, el tener múltiples compañeros sexuales fue identificado como el factor de riesgo más frecuente por el 93.5 % de las pacientes. Conclusiones Existe desconocimiento en algunas pacientes sobre el grupo de edades de las pacientes comprendidas dentro del Programa de Detección Precoz de Cáncer Cérvico-uterino, la periodicidad de la realización de la prueba de Papanicolaou, los principales síntomas, factores de riesgo y métodos de prevención de esta patología.

Sarcoma eppitelioide / Epithelioid sarcoma

El sarcoma epitelioide es una neoplasia maligna de partes blandas, infrecuente.Suele ser diagnosticada en forma tardía, debido a que su presentación clínica ymorfológica es similar a la de otras afecciones. Presenta un alto índice de recurrencia local y de metástasis, principalmente en ganglios y pulmón.Se comunican dos pacientes jóvenes de sexo femenino con sarcoma epitelioide,una con la variante distal, con afectación de mano izquierda y la otra, embarazada,con la variante proximal en región inguinovulvar...