RESUMEN
Resumo A dificuldade de incorporar a variável ambiental nos processos de contratação é recorrente no mundo. Nesse contexto, as contratações públicas sustentáveis são um instrumento importante para reduzir o impacto ambiental das organizações. No Brasil, há incapacidade para incorporar instrumentos que permitam uma atividade pública mais eficaz e eficiente. Em contrapartida, as tecnologias digitais, como a blockchain, podem ser a solução para problemas complexos no setor público. Nos últimos anos, governos têm adotado a blockchain em diversas áreas, sendo que, no âmbito internacional, a tecnologia é utilizada em bancos de dados de alguns países. No sentido de facilitar a implantação dos critérios ambientais nos procedimentos de licitação, este estudo propõe um modelo conceitual de aplicação da blockchain para contratações públicas sustentáveis de obras rodoviárias. Com base na análise de conteúdo de 25 processos de licitação, foi realizado o mapeamento das principais atividades, o que permitiu propor uma solução integrada ao Portal Nacional de Contratações Públicas. A principal contribuição do estudo é apresentar as potenciais aplicações referentes aos aspectos ambientais para blockchain nas contratações públicas e demonstrar a viabilidade da implementação dessa tecnologia. Diante das novas perspectivas para otimizar a gestão dos processos licitatórios e prover a sustentabilidade ambiental na administração pública, entende-se que a blockchain pode auxiliar na promoção de uma estrutura de licitação confiável, descentralizada, transparente e ambientalmente sustentável.
Resumen La dificultad de incorporar la variable ambiental en los procesos de contratación es recurrente en todo el mundo. En este contexto, la compra pública sostenible es un importante instrumento para reducir el impacto ambiental de las organizaciones. En Brasil hay incapacidad para incorporar instrumentos que permitan una actividad pública más efectiva y eficiente. Por otro lado, las tecnologías digitales como la blockchain pueden ser una solución a problemas complejos en el sector público. En los últimos años, los gobiernos han adoptado la blockchain en varias áreas y, a nivel internacional, la tecnología se utiliza en bases de datos en algunos países. Con el fin de facilitar la implementación de criterios ambientales en los procedimientos de licitación, este estudio propone un modelo conceptual para la aplicación de la blockchain a las contrataciones públicas sostenibles de obras viales. A partir del análisis de contenido de 25 procesos de licitación, se mapearon sus principales actividades, lo que permitió proponer una solución integrada al Portal Nacional de Contrataciones Públicas. La principal contribución del estudio es la presentación de aplicaciones potenciales relacionadas con aspectos ambientales para la blockchain en la contratación pública, así como demostrar la viabilidad de implementar esta tecnología. Ante las nuevas perspectivas para optimizar la gestión de los procesos de licitación y dotar de sostenibilidad ambiental a la administración pública, se entiende que la blockchain puede ayudar a promover una estructura de licitación confiable, descentralizada, transparente y ambientalmente sostenible.
Abstract Governments worldwide face recurrent challenges in incorporating environmental variables into bidding processes. In this context, sustainable public procurement is an important tool for reducing the environmental impact of public organizations. Despite the emergence of digital technologies such as blockchain, which offers potential solutions to complex public sector problems, and the existing implementation of blockchain in databases by some countries, the Brazilian government has not developed the capability to adopt such instruments to improve environmental effectiveness and efficiency. This study proposes a conceptual model for the application of blockchain in sustainable public procurement of road works to facilitate the incorporation of environmental criteria into bidding procedures. Through a content analysis of 25 bidding processes related to road works, the research mapped out key activities, providing insights to propose an integrated solution for the Brazilian National Public Procurement Portal to address environmental issues in procurement processes. The study's main contribution lies in outlining potential applications of blockchain in public procurement to embrace environmental aspects, demonstrating the feasibility of implementing this technology. Given the emergence of new perspectives to optimize bidding process management and foster environmental sustainability in public administration, the research provides evidence that blockchain can help promote a reliable, decentralized, transparent, and environmentally sustainable bidding structure.
Asunto(s)
Administración Pública , Propuestas de Licitación , AmbienteRESUMEN
Previous studies demonstrated that ASP-3 was a novel calcium-binding protein from Arca subcrenata that effectively inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells. To further study the antitumor activity and mechanism of ASP-3, the cytotoxic effects of recombinant ASP-3 were evaluated in HepG2 cells. The results demonstrated that ASP-3 inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells by competitively binding to the EGF binding pocket of EGFR and inhibiting the JAK-STAT, RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways mediated by EGFR. ASP-3 significantly inhibited tumor growth in a HepG2 cell subcutaneous xenograft nude mouse model, and its (25 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg) tumor inhibition rates were 46.92 % and 60.28 %, respectively. Furthermore, the crystal structure of ASP-3 was resolved at 1.4 Å. ASP-3 formed as a stable dimer and folded as an EF-Hand structure. ASP-3 stably bound to domain I and domain III of the EGFR extracellular region by using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis. Compared with the endogenous ligand EGF, ASP-3 displayed a stronger interaction with EGFR. These experimental results indicated that recombinant ASP-3 possessed an effective anti-hepatoma effect. So, it might be a potential molecule for liver cancer therapy.
Asunto(s)
Bivalvos , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Proteínas Recombinantes , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Sitios de Unión , Bivalvos/química , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/genética , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/farmacología , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Propuestas de Licitación , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Escherichia coli , Células Hep G2 , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacología , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapéutico , Transducción de Señal , Simulación del Acoplamiento MolecularRESUMEN
As startups são empresas que apresentam modelos de negócios marcados pela inovação, rapidez, flexibilidade e alta capacidade de adaptação aos mercados. Atuando em diferentes setores socioeconômicos, elas prometem criar e transformar produtos e serviços. A emergência e disseminação dessas empresas ocorrem em um momento histórico de mudanças iniciadas a partir de 1970 e marcadas pelas crises geradas com o esgotamento do paradigma da sociedade urbano industrial. No Brasil, o número desse modelo de negócio apresentou uma expansão expressiva, alcançando a marca de 13.374 nos últimos cinco anos. Atento a esse cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em compreender como sujeitos, grupos e instituições atribuem sentidos à experiência de trabalho nas chamadas startups. Na parte teórica, as condições sociais e econômicas que possibilitaram a emergência e disseminação das startups são analisadas em uma perspectiva crítica. A parte empírica, por sua vez, apresenta depoimentos de empreendedores relatando o contexto geral de atuação nas startups. Ao final deste artigo, conclui-se que há uma instrumentalização capitalística de componentes subjetivos específicos selecionados e colocados em circulação para fortalecer o modo de produção capitalista financeirizado.(AU)
Startups are companies that have business models characterized by innovation, speed, flexibility, and a high capacity to adapt to markets. Operating in different socioeconomic sectors, they promise to create and transform products and services. The emergence and dissemination of these companies occur at a historical moment of changes that began from 1970 and are marked by the crises generated by the exhaustion of the paradigm of industrial urban society. In Brazil, the number of businesses in this model showed a significant expansion, reaching 13,374 companies in the last five years. Attentive to this scenario, the objective of this research was to understand how subjects, groups, and institutions attribute meanings to the work experience in so-called startups. In the theoretical part, the social and economic conditions that enabled the emergence and dissemination of startups are analyzed in a critical perspective. The empirical part presents entrepreneurs reporting the general context of action in startups. At the end of this article, it is concluded that there is a capitalistic instrumentalization of specific subjective components that are selected and put into circulation to strengthen the financed capitalist production.(AU)
Las startups son empresas que tienen modelos de negocio marcados por la innovación, la velocidad, la flexibilidad y una alta capacidad de adaptación a los mercados. Desde diferentes sectores socioeconómicos, las startups prometen crear y transformar productos y servicios. La aparición y difusión de estas empresas se produce en un momento histórico de cambios que comenzó a partir de 1970 y que está marcado por crisis generadas por el agotamiento del paradigma de la sociedad urbana industrial. En Brasil, estas empresas se expandieron significativamente alcanzando la marca de 13.374 empresas en los últimos cinco años. En este escenario, el objetivo de esta investigación fue entender cómo los sujetos, grupos e instituciones atribuyen significados a la experiencia laboral en las startups. En la parte teórica, se analizan las condiciones sociales y económicas que permitieron el surgimiento y la difusión de las startups en una perspectiva crítica. La parte empírica presenta testimonios de emprendedores que informan sobre el trabajo en startups. La investigación concluye que hay una instrumentalización capitalista de componentes subjetivos específicos que se seleccionan y ponen en circulación para fortalecer el modo de producción capitalista financiero.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Satisfacción Personal , Psicología Social , Trabajo , Organizaciones , Capitalismo , Organización y Administración , Innovación Organizacional , Grupo Paritario , Personalidad , Política , Corporaciones Profesionales , Práctica Profesional , Psicología , Relaciones Públicas , Gestión de Riesgos , Seguridad , Salarios y Beneficios , Ajuste Social , Cambio Social , Valores Sociales , Tecnología , Pensamiento , Horas de Trabajo , Toma de Decisiones en la Organización , Propuestas de Licitación , Financiación del Capital , Inteligencia Artificial , Conferencias de Consenso como Asunto , Cultura Organizacional , Salud , Personal Administrativo , Salud Laboral , Técnicas de Planificación , Adolescente , Emprendimiento , Empleos Subvencionados , Sector Privado , Modelos Organizacionales , Entrevista , Gestión de la Calidad Total , Administración del Tiempo , Eficiencia Organizacional , Conducta Competitiva , Recursos Naturales , Comportamiento del Consumidor , Servicios Contratados , Benchmarking , Patente , Servicios Externos , Evolución Cultural , Mercadotecnía , Difusión de Innovaciones , Competencia Económica , Eficiencia , Empleo , Eventos Científicos y de Divulgación , Comercialización de Productos , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Agroindustria , Planificación , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento , Pequeña Empresa , Red Social , Administración Financiera , Invenciones , Colaboración de las Masas , Nube Computacional , Equilibrio entre Vida Personal y Laboral , Participación de los Interesados , Crecimiento Sostenible , Libertad , Macrodatos , Utilización de Instalaciones y Servicios , Comercio Electrónico , Cadena de Bloques , Diseño Universal , Realidad Aumentada , Inteligencia , Inversiones en Salud , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , OcupacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented the Medicare durable medical equipment (DME) Competitive Bidding Program (CBP) in 2011. Since then, concerns have been raised regarding access to equipment and adverse health outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to evaluate whether the CBP was associated with changes in spending, utilization, and adverse health events (emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and falls). RESEARCH DESIGN: A comparative interrupted time series over 8 years was used to compare Round1 and Round2 bidding to nonbidding areas. Medicare fee for services claims were aggregated at the quarterly Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) level from 2009 to 2016. RESULTS: For the 3 evaluated DME (continuous positive airway pressure machines, oxygen supplies, and walkers), we found that implementation of the Medicare CBP was associated with reductions in per capita spending without changes in DME utilization or adverse health outcomes in CBP areas compared with nonbidding areas. For example, the slope change in the proportion of oxygen supplies purchasers in Round1 areas after implementation of Round1 was similar to the slope change in nonbidding areas (-0.0002; 95% CI: -0.0004, 0.0001; P=0.189). The difference in slope changes of emergency department visits and hospitalization in Round1 areas for oxygen supplies were (-0.0004; 95% CI: -0.0016, 0.0008; P=0.514) and (0.0002; 95% CI: -0.0010, 0.0014; P=0.757), respectively. Findings in Round2 areas after implementation of Round2 were similar to findings in Round1 areas. CONCLUSIONS: The Medicare DME CBP lowered Medicare expenditures while not reducing beneficiary access or increasing adverse outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Propuestas de Licitación , Medicare , Anciano , Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S. , Equipo Médico Durable , Humanos , Oxígeno , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Resumo Evitar sobrepreços e preços manifestamente inexequíveis são dois objetivos principais da recém-promulgada Lei nº 14.133, de 1º de abril de 2021. O presente artigo demonstra que, ao tentar alcançar o primeiro objetivo, a nova lei de licitações promove o segundo, pois um comando específico tende a reduzir os preços até congelá-los nos menores valores possíveis, conduzindo os contratados à maldição do vencedor. Alerta-se os agentes públicos sobre o fato de que a manutenção desse comando levará a descumprimentos generalizados de contratos e a uma eventual falência de competidores. O método Monte Carlo é utilizado para demonstrar que um mecanismo abrangente de pesquisa de preços evitará o problema e garantirá o efeito pretendido pela lei.
Resumen Evitar los sobreprecios y los precios manifiestamente inviables son dos de los principales objetivos de la recién promulgada Ley 14.133/2021 de Brasil. Este artículo demuestra que, al intentar lograr el primer objetivo, la nueva ley de licitaciones promueve el segundo, ya que un comando específico tiende a reducir los precios hasta congelarlos a los valores más bajos practicables, llevando a los contratados a la maldición del ganador. Se advierte a los funcionarios públicos que mantener este comando conducirá a incumplimientos generalizados de contratos y eventual quiebra de los competidores. Se utiliza el método Monte Carlo para demostrar que un mecanismo integral de investigación de precios evitará el problema y garantizará el efecto buscado por la ley.
Abstract Avoiding overpricing and irresponsible pricing are two central objectives of the recently enacted Law 14133/2021. This article shows that when trying to achieve the first objective, the new Brazilian public procurement law promotes the second, since a specific command reduces maximum prices until they freeze to the lowest possible values, leading the contractors to the winner's curse. Public officials are warned that maintaining this command will lead to widespread breaches of contracts and eventual bankruptcy of contractors. The Monte Carlo method is adopted to show that a comprehensive price database will avoid the problem and guarantee the effect intended by the law.
Asunto(s)
Propuestas de Licitación/legislación & jurisprudencia , Comercio , Servicios Contratados , Legislación , Administración Financiera , BrasilRESUMEN
In this research retrieval effects of natural yellow (NY) on the performance of carmoisine (CAR) inhibited bovine liver catalase (BLC) was studied using multispectral and theoretical methods. Kinetic studies showed that CAR inhibited BLC through competitive inhibition (IC50 value of 2.24 × 10-6 M) while the addition of NY recover the activity of CAR-BLC up to 82% in comparison with the control enzyme. Circular dichroism data revealed that NY can repair the structural changes of BLC, affected by CAR. Furthermore, an equilibrium dialysis study indicated that NY could reduce the stability of the CAR-catalase complex. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) data analysis indicated a high affinity of NY to BLC compared to CAR and the binding of NY led to a decrease in the affinity of the enzyme to the inhibitor. On the other hand, fluorescence and molecular docking studies showed that the quenching mechanism of BLC by CAR occurs through a static quenching process, and van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding play a crucial role in the binding of CAR to BLC. MLSD data demonstrated that NY could increase the binding energy of CAR-BLC complex from -7.72 kJ mol-1 to -5.9 kJ mol-1, leading to complex instability and catalase activity salvage.
Asunto(s)
Catalasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Catalasa/química , Curcumina/química , Colorantes de Alimentos/química , Naftalenosulfonatos/química , Animales , Bovinos , Dicroismo Circular , Propuestas de Licitación , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Resonancia por Plasmón de SuperficieRESUMEN
The innovation timeline is expensive, risky, competitive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. In order to overcome such challenges and optimize financial resources, pharmaceutical companies nowadays hire contract development and manufacturing organizations (CDMO) to help them. Based on the experience acquired first from the development of two biopharmaceuticals, the Heterologous Fibrin Sealant and the Apilic Antivenom, and more recently, during their respective clinical trials; the Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) proposed to the Ministry of Health the creation of the first Brazilian CDMO. This groundbreaking venture will assist in converting a candidate molecule - from its discovery, proof of concept, product development, up to pilot batch production - into a product. The CDMO impact and legacy will be immense, offering service provision to the public and private sector by producing validated samples for clinical trials and academic training on translational research for those seeking a position in pharmaceutical industries and manufacturing platforms.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Productos Biológicos/análisis , Propuestas de Licitación/organización & administración , Protocolo de Ensayo Clínico , Brasil , Buenas Prácticas de FabricaciónRESUMEN
Contest often involves bids that are higher than the Nash equilibrium, and overbidding behaviour closely relates to personal reasoning and judgement. The right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) plays an important role in social, cognitive and inference decision-making. In the present study, we investigated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the rTPJ on overbidding behaviour by using a modified model-lottery contests task. Our results showed that participants that received cathodal-stimulation had significantly higher expenditure compared to participants that received anodal and sham stimulation. Cathodal-stimulation may reduce the participants' ability to infer other contestants' intention or may modulate the non-monetary utility of winning. Our data indicate that excitability of the rTPJ may contribute to overbidding behaviour.
Asunto(s)
Juicio/fisiología , Lóbulo Parietal/fisiología , Asunción de Riesgos , Lóbulo Temporal/fisiología , Adolescente , Propuestas de Licitación , Femenino , Juegos Experimentales , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos , Estimulación Transcraneal de Corriente Directa , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que es posible monetizar el valor social que genera un hospital y que con su análisis podemos establecer una perspectiva diferente para analizar la eficiencia del gasto público. MÉTODO: Utilizando el método del caso se ha seleccionado un hospital público en España. Es idóneo por dos razones: primero, porque su actividad es pequeña y esto facilita el diálogo con los stakeholders; y segundo, como es un hospital de carácter residencial, permite realizar una experiencia de aproximación de la contabilidad social en hospitales sencilla, modificable y que es posible testar. RESULTADOS: Se establece la traducción monetaria de la actividad de un hospital, incluyendo la parte social de las transacciones económicas (mercado), las variables que no han supuesto transacción económica, pero han sido percibidas y valoradas por los stakeholders (no mercado), y la satisfacción de los stakeholders (emocional). Este valor socioemocional asciende a aproximadamente 60 millones de euros anuales para el periodo de 2013 a 2017. CONCLUSIONES: El valor social generado para los stakeholders, y su monetización, permiten gestionar de forma más eficiente las decisiones hacia el propósito social de los hospitales públicos. En concreto, el índice de valor social añadido puede ser una herramienta para la eficiencia social del hospital, ya que se establece cuánto valor social genera a partir de la financiación pública que le han asignado. Así, la disminución de este valor en los últimos años denota un problema que, sin este análisis con perspectiva social y desde los stakeholders, no podría haberse detectado
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to monetize the social value generated by a hospital and use it to establish a different perspective to analyze the efficiency of public spending. METHOD: A public hospital in Spain was selected using the case method. It is suitable for two reasons; first, the hospital activity is small and therefore dialogue with stakeholders is easy; and second, as it is a hospital of a residential nature, it allows an easy, modifiable and testable approximation of social accounting in hospitals. RESULTS: It establishes the monetary translation of the activity of a hospital, including the social part of the economic transactions (market), the variables that have not been created based on economic transaction, but have been perceived and valued by the stakeholders (not market), and the satisfaction of the stakeholders (emotional). This socio-emotional value amounts to approximately 60 million Euros per year from 2013 to 2017. CONCLUSIONS: The social value generated for the stakeholders, and its monetization, allows more efficient management of decisions towards the social purpose of public hospitals. In particular, the social value added index can be a tool for the social-efficiency of hospitals, as it establishes how much social value it generates from the public funding allocated to it. Thus, the decline in this value in recent years denotes a problem that, without this analysis with a social perspective and from the stakeholders, could not have been detected
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Valores Sociales , Eficiencia Organizacional , Economía Hospitalaria , Gastos Públicos , Participación de los Interesados , Hospitales Públicos/economía , Propuestas de Licitación/economía , Contabilidad/economíaRESUMEN
S100B, a biomarker of malignant melanoma, interacts with the p53 protein and diminishes its tumor suppressor function, which makes this S100 family member a promising therapeutic target for treating malignant melanoma. However, it is a challenge to design inhibitors that are specific for S100B in melanoma versus other S100-family members that are important for normal cellular activities. For example, S100A1 is most similar in sequence and structure to S100B, and this S100 protein is important for normal skeletal and cardiac muscle function. Therefore, a combination of NMR and computer aided drug design (CADD) was used to initiate the design of specific S100B inhibitors. Fragment-based screening by NMR, also termed "SAR by NMR," is a well-established method, and was used to examine spectral perturbations in 2D [1H, 15N]-HSQC spectra of Ca2+-bound S100B and Ca2+-bound S100A1, side-by-side, and under identical conditions for comparison. Of the 1000 compounds screened, two were found to be specific for binding Ca2+-bound S100A1 and four were found to be specific for Ca2+-bound S100B, respectively. The NMR spectral perturbations observed in these six data sets were then used to model how each of these small molecule fragments showed specificity for one S100 versus the other using a CADD approach termed Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (SILCS). In summary, the combination of NMR and computational approaches provided insight into how S100A1 versus S100B bind small molecules specifically, which will enable improved drug design efforts to inhibit elevated S100B in melanoma. Such a fragment-based approach can be used generally to initiate the design of specific inhibitors for other highly homologous drug targets.
Asunto(s)
Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Subunidad beta de la Proteína de Unión al Calcio S100/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas S100/antagonistas & inhibidores , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas/farmacología , Propuestas de Licitación , Humanos , Ligandos , Subunidad beta de la Proteína de Unión al Calcio S100/química , Proteínas S100/química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas/químicaRESUMEN
We apply the product impact measurement framework of the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative (IWAI) in two competitor companies within the pharmaceuticals industry. We design a monetization methodology that allows us to calculate monetary impact estimates of accessible product provision and efficacy, among other factors. Our results indicate substantial differences in the impact that competitors have through their products. These differences demonstrate how impact reflects corporate strategy and informs decision-making on industry-specific areas.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Propuestas de Licitación , Toma de Decisiones , Industria Farmacéutica/economía , Evaluación del Impacto en la SaludRESUMEN
Pharmacists working in collaboration with doctors are mainly involved in proposals and inquiries of prescription. At such times, belief conflicts are expected to deteriorate teamwork and induce stress. However, there is no strong evidence for this. To clarify factors resulting in belief conflicts, we conducted a survey among 594 pharmacists working at medical institutions in Gifu City and belonging to Gifu Pharmaceutical Association or Gifu Prefectural Society of Hospital Pharmacists between January 2019 and April 2019. The items of the survey were gender, place of employment, pharmacist working experience (years), awareness of "professional competencies for pharmacists" stated in Model Core Curriculum for Pharmacy Education -2015 version-, whether each item of "professional competencies for pharmacists" is applicable to himself/herself or not, whether teamwork deteriorates and stress occurs due to proposals and inquiries of prescription or not, and Assessment of Belief Conflict in Relationship-14 (ABCR-14). The recovery rate of the questionnaire was 50.3% and the valid response rate was 77.6%. Multiple logistic regression and Bayesian network analyses revealed that "I can empathize with a patient's feelings and emotions, but I experience difficulty with unfair criticism" commonly resulted in teamwork deterioration due to proposals of prescription. "Pharmacist working experience years (more than 10 years)" and "The other staff make unreasonable demands of me in the work" commonly resulted in stress. Thus, belief conflicts in therapeutic relationships result in teamwork deterioration and stress in prescription proposals.
Asunto(s)
Teorema de Bayes , Competencia Clínica , Propuestas de Licitación , Colaboración Intersectorial , Análisis Multivariante , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Farmacéuticos/psicología , Prescripciones , Estrés Psicológico/etiología , Curriculum , Educación en Farmacia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
AIMS: Insulin (Ins) covalently modified by catecholestrogens (CEs) was commonly found in diabetic patients who have developed insulin resistance. Estrogenization of insulin altered its molecular function and effect carbohydrates metabolisms in these patients. Insulin resistance is a common phenomenon in diabetes but the exact mechanism remains unknown. In this study, binding specificity and affinity of autoantibodies against estrogenized insulin (4-hydroxyestradiol-insulin; 4-OHE2-Ins) were assayed in the serum of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients in order to explain the phenomena behind insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specificity and affinity of autoantibodies from the sera of 66 T1D patients and 41 controls were analyzed by direct binding, competition ELISA and quantitative precipitin titration. Insulin was also estimated in the serum of T1D patients by ELISA. KEY FINDING: Estrogenized insulin (4-OHE2-Ins) exhibited high affinity and specificity to T1D autoantibodies in comparison to Ins (p < .05) or 4-OHE2 (p < .001). Estrogenization of insulin alters its interaction with the insulin receptor (IR). The affinity constant of 4-OHE2-Ins with the T1D autoantibodies was found to be 1.41 × 10-7 M. SIGNIFICANCE: Estrogenization of insulin by catecholestrogen makes these molecules highly antigenic and produced high-affinity autoantibodies in T1D patients. As a result, patients develop insulin resistance and presented this molecule as a potential biomarker for T1D.
Asunto(s)
Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrógenos de Catecol/química , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Insulina/química , Adulto , Autoanticuerpos/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Glucemia/análisis , Recolección de Muestras de Sangre , Propuestas de Licitación , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Estrógenos de Catecol/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Insulina/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a la Insulina , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptor de Insulina/inmunología , Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
RESUMO: O pregão é uma das modalidades de licitação, instituído pela Lei 10.520/02, e tem sido amplamente utilizado em instituições públicas. Apesar dos benefícios desta modalidade serem muitos, existe um número considerável de insucessos nos procedimentos, de modo que os pregões podem terminar fracassados, desertos ou, até mesmo cancelados, anulados ou revogados. O objetivo desse artigo é avaliar na literatura quais os motivos de sucessos e insucessos de licitações na modalidade pregão por meio de uma revisão de literatura realizada através de Scoping Review, conforme a proposta do Joanna Briggs Institute, realizada através da pergunta "Quais os fatores de sucesso e/ou insucesso encontrados nas compras por licitação na modalidade pregão?", nas bibliotecas digitais Capes Periódicos e Scientific Electronic Library Online e na base de dados PubMed. (AU)
ABSTRACT: The reverse auction is one of the bidding modalities, which was instituted by Law 10,520/02 and has been widely used in public institutions. Although the benefits of this modality are many, there is a considerable number of failures in the procedures, so that the reverse auction sessions may fail, with no participants or even be canceled, nullified, or revoked. This article aims to evaluate in the literature the reasons for successes and failures of the bidding process for reverse auction modality through a Scoping Review, as proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The research question was "What are the factors of success and/or failure found in bidding purchases for reverse auction modality?", and the databases used were Capes Journals, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and PubMed. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Administración Pública , Propuestas de Licitación , Técnicas de PlanificaciónRESUMEN
We study physiotherapy providers' prices in repeated competitive biddings where multiple providers are accepted in geographical districts. Historically, only very few districts have rejected any providers. We show that this practice increased prices and analyze the effects the risk of rejection has on prices. Our data are derived from three subsequent competitive biddings. The results show that rejecting at least one provider decreased prices by more than 5% in the next procurement round. The results also indicate that providers have learned to calculate their optimal bids, which has also increased prices. Further, we perform counterfactual policy analysis of a capacity-rule of acceptance. The analysis shows that implementing a systematic acceptance rule results in a trade-off between direct cost savings and service continuity at patients' usual providers.
Asunto(s)
Propuestas de Licitación/economía , Competencia Económica/economía , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/economía , Comercio , Costos y Análisis de Costo , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Calidad de la Atención de SaludRESUMEN
We apply the product impact measurement framework of the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative (IWAI) in two competitor companies within the airlines industry. We design a monetization methodology that allows us to calculate monetary impact estimates of fare affordability, timeliness and gate control, among other factors. Our results indicate substantial differences in the impact that competitors have through their products. These differences demonstrate how impact reflects corporate strategy and informs decision-making on industry-specific areas, including airline route structure choices.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Aviación/economía , Aviación/organización & administración , Propuestas de Licitación , IndustriasRESUMEN
We apply the product impact measurement framework of the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative (IWAI) in two competitor companies within the consumer-packaged goods industry. We design a methodology that allows us to calculate monetary impact estimates on customer health, access and affordability of products and recyclability, among other factors. Our results indicate substantial differences in the impact that competitors have through their products. These differences demonstrate how impact measures reflect business strategy choices and informs decision-making on industry-specific areas, including food reformulation and product placement.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Industria de Alimentos/economía , Toma de Decisiones , Ingestión de Alimentos , Propuestas de LicitaciónRESUMEN
We apply the product impact measurement framework of the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative (IWAI) in two competitor companies within the oil and gas industry. We design a monetization methodology that allows us to calculate monetary product impact estimates of natural gas provision to emerging markets, energy provided, and emissions created. Our results indicate differences in the impact that competitors have through their products. These differences demonstrate how impact reflects corporate strategy and informs decision-making on industryspecific areas.(AU)