Las prácticas basadas en la evidencia en psicología y en psicología militar / The evidence-based practices in psychology and in military psychology

Tanto en el ámbito civil como en el militar las prácticas de los psicólogos han estado, muchas veces, exentas de fundamento empírico y otras se han apoyado en corrientes psicológicas tradicionales meramente teóricas. Además, aunque las intervenciones psicológicas se hayan basado en variables o aspectos demostrados en estudios previos, en demasiadas ocasiones, dichas intervenciones no habían sido validadas en muestras controladas. Afortunadamente para la profesión y sus usuarios, esta tendencia está cambiando siendo la exigencia a los psicólogos cada vez mayor y estando la psicología cada vez más en una posición sólida y de calidad demostrada

The psychological practices has not been based in evidence for many year and times and, some others, they has been supported by traditional psychological theory but not pragmatic and nether empirical. Furthermore, psychological interventions could be done including demonstrated facts but most of those interventions had never been validated in randomized controlled trial. Fortunately for the profession and its clients, this trend is changing. Increasing quality and demands are required to psychologists and psychology is getting, finally, a strong position

[Prospects of computer-assisted assessment of functional health status of military personnel].

The article is devoted to the development of:an integrated system for remote assessment of the functional state of the military serivcemen. A review of domestic and foreign literature concerning this problem is presented and proposed a new look and approach to monitoring the combat capability of the military servicemen. The authors carried out analysis of the possibility of using accumulated experience and the use of high-tech means to solve an assigned task at the level <> and gave a concrete way to solve this task at the current stage to improve the quality of health care and the efficiency of professional activity of servicemen.

Psychological intervention in the spanish military deployed on international operations / Intervención psicológica en militares españoles desplegados en operaciones internacionales

BACKGROUND: Spain was one of the first countries to recognize the importance of psychological aspects in the planning and development of international military operations, and also to include military psychologists in contingents deployed abroad. METHOD: This paper describes the psychological intervention model used by Spanish military psychologists involved in military operations abroad. RESULTS: This model is comprised of a systematic set of interventions and actions carried out in the different phases of any military operation (concentration, deployment and post-mission). It also contemplates the intervention not only in personnel who integrate the military contingents, but also with their families and, at certain times of the mission, with the local population of the area in which the operation is carried out. CONCLUSIONS: The model presented has a preventive orientation, based on the selection and psychological preparation of contingents before deployment, and supplemented by support in the area of operations for personnel who need it, and the psychological care of their families in Spain. Whereas this model has been effective so far, in this work, we present a series of measures aimed at improving the psychological well-being of our troops deployed outside our country

ANTECEDENTES: España ha sido pionera en reconocer la importancia de los aspectos psicológicos en la planificación y desarrollo de las operaciones militares internacionales, y en incluir a psicólogos en los contingentes desplegados en ellas. MÉTODO: este trabajo describe el modelo de intervención psicológica utilizado por los psicólogos militares españoles que participan en misiones y operaciones en el exterior. RESULTADO: dicho modelo está conformado por un conjunto sistematizado de intervenciones y actuaciones que se llevan a cabo en las distintas fases que componen toda operación militar (concentración, despliegue y postmisión). Igualmente contempla la intervención tanto en el personal que integra los contingentes militares, como en sus familias y, en determinados momentos de la misión, en la población local de la zona en que se desarrolla. CONCLUSIONES: el modelo presentado posee una orientación claramente preventiva, basada en la selección y preparación psicológica del contingente antes del despliegue, y complementada con la asistencia en zona de operaciones al personal que lo requiera y la atención a sus familias en territorio nacional. Pese a la eficacia de dicho modelo, se analizan sus limitaciones y se exponen algunas medidas para mejorar el bienestar psicológico de nuestras tropas desplegadas en el exterior

Diferencias de personalidad en la aptitud psicológica para el buceo militar / Personality differences in the psychological fitness for military diving

El buceo es una actividad atractiva, cuyo ejercicio se propaga continuamente en su faceta deportiva y profesional; esta popularidad en ocasiones disminuye la conciencia de que se desarrolla en un medio no natural, repleto de factores estresantes, que exige un proceso adaptativo por parte del buceador con el fin de aprovechar sus capacidades y controlar sus emociones. En este trabajo se analizan, siguiendo la línea de investigación sobre diferencias individuales, datos obtenidos en una amplia muestra de personal militar que realiza cursos de buceo (N = 1217), con el objetivo de verificar la utilidad de la evaluación psicológica. Se comprueban diferencias entre los buceadores y la población general, entre aspirantes a buceo que finalizan la formación y los que causan baja durante el curso y, además, entre los buceadores que tienen distinto nivel de rendimiento. Las características de personalidad más relevantes tienen significación estadística y clínica para la adaptación a las demandas del medio subacuático. Los datos obtenidos apoyan la importancia de la ansiedad y reacciones emocionales en buceo y la conveniencia de evaluar la aptitud psicológica de quienes se dediquen a esta actividad, como una de las primeras medidas de prevención ante los posibles incidentes y accidentes de buceo (AU)

Diving is an attractive activity, which is becoming increasingly more popular in sports and professional fields. This popularity sometimes decreases the awareness that is developed in a non-natural environment, full of stressors, which requires an adaptive process by the divers to make the most of their capabilities and control their emotions. This paper, following the line of research of individual differences, analyses data coming from a large sample of military personnel who perform diving courses (N = 1217) in order to verify the utility of psychological evaluation in this field. Differences between divers and general population, between candidates who have completed dive training and candidates who did not, and also between divers with different levels of performance have been proved. The most important differences in personality characteristics have statistical and clinical significance for adaptation to the demands of the underwater environment. The resulting data support the importance of anxiety and emotional reactions in diving and the convenience of evaluating the psychological fitness of those who engage in this activity, as one of the first preventive measures against possible incidents and accidents in diving (AU)

Comprehensive Soldier Fitness and the future of psychology.

Psychology responded to the national needs in World War I and World War II and was itself transformed. National need calls a third time: unprecedented levels of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, suicide, and anxiety along with a need for a resilient Army capable of meeting the persistent warfare of the foreseeable future. As a large part of the Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program, positive psychology is meeting this need with new tests, with new fitness courses, and with resilience training. These developments may transform the practice of psychology and psychology's relation to medicine and education.

[Directions of improvement of psycho-physiological supply of professional activity of specialists of manipulation of spacecrafts].

Were determined components of systems of guarantee of security of activity of specialists of manipulation of spacecrafts (SC): abidance by general organizational-methodological rules and principles of work, excluding violations in organization of duty, preventing of nonfulfillment and failure of sessions of control by SC, determination and deleting negative factors of operative activity, guarantee of safety of system "man-mechanism-environment." Were determined peculiarities of activity of specialists of manipulation of spacecrafts, their professionally important qualities, which had to be considered in effectuating of professional psycho-selection. Were shown regularities of changes in functional state and professional working capacity of operators of command-measured complexes during daily duty and during cycle of a year. Was made a conclusion about necessity of improvement of system of psychophysiological accompaniment of activity of specialists of manipulation of SC.

[Psychological and medical rehabilitation of servicemen in sanatorium-treatment institutes of the Defense Ministry of Russian Federation during the current stage of building of the Armed Forces].

Defense and promotion of health of strong and almost strong persons--is one of priorities tasks of health services, including military medicine. Federal law from the 8.11.2008 No 203-FL has made changes in federal law from 1998 No 76FL "About status of military servicemen". These changes allow, in conditions of existing of indications, effectuating psycho-medical rehabilitation less then 30 days free. To execute this federal law the Defense Ministry issued a law No 385 from 8.05.2008 "About psycho-medical rehabilitation of military servicemen of the Defense Ministry of Russian Federation". The law defines catalogue of categories of military servicemen, who are liable to psycho-medical rehabilitation and order of it's effectuating. The article is devoted to comment this law. There was examined in details the role of sanatorium stage in system of medical rehabilitation, and organization of it's effectuating in conditions of sanatorium.

Psicología: nueva especialidad fundamental en el Cuerpo Militar de Sanidad / Psychology: new fundamental speciality in tIte Military Health Corps

No disponible

No disponible

Current research and trends in aviation psychology in Poland.

Basic trends of research carried out in Poland during the past decade within the Military Institute of Aviation Medicine were reviewed. Aviation psychological research has concentrated around four important problems: 1) personality determinants of the occupational functioning of pilots including (a) temperamental factors and the occupational adaptation of pilots, (b) personality determinants (i.e., manifested attitudes towards vocation) of the occupational adjustment of pilots, (c) personality correlates of the psychosomatic costs of pilots' vocational adjustments; 2) perceptual efficiency mechanisms of task performance in flight simulators--the research objective was to study visualmotor mechanisms associated with compensatory perception in the process of training for aviation tasks requiring visual-motor coordination; eye movements were measured as an index of perception of visual information. 3) psychological criteria in predicting success in pilot training--the external criterion was the assessment of progress in practical flight training; and 4) computer assisted psychological research.