RESUMEN
In the United States, many cancer centers advertise their clinical services directly to the public. Although there are potential public benefits from such advertising, including increased patient awareness of treatment options and improved access to care and clinical trials, there is also potential for harm through misinformation, provision of false hope, inappropriate use of health care resources, and disruption in doctor-patient relationships. Although patient education through advertising is appropriate, misleading patients in the name of gaining market share, boosting profits, or even boosting trial accrual is not. It is critical that rigorous ethical guidelines are adopted and that oversight is introduced to ensure that cancer center marketing supports good patient care and public health interests. Patients with cancer have been identified as an especially vulnerable population because of fears and anxiety related to their diagnosis and the very real need to identify optimal sources of care. Cancer organizations have a fiduciary duty and a moral and legal obligation to provide truthful information to avoid deceptive, inaccurate claims associated with treatment success. In this article, actionable recommendations are provided for both the oncologist and the cancer center's marketing team to promote ethical marketing of services to patients with cancer. This tailored guidance for the oncology community includes explicit communication on (1) ensuring fair and balanced promotion of cancer services, (2) avoiding exaggeration of claims in the context of reputational marketing, (3) providing data and statistics to support direct and implied assertions of treatment success, and (4) defining eligible patient groups in the context of marketing for research. These recommendations for cancer centers are designed to promote ethical quality marketing information to patients with cancer.
Asunto(s)
Academias e Institutos , Instituciones Oncológicas , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor , Academias e Institutos/ética , Academias e Institutos/historia , Academias e Institutos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Instituciones Oncológicas/ética , Instituciones Oncológicas/historia , Instituciones Oncológicas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/historia , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Comunicación en Salud , Alfabetización en Salud , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Oncólogos , Política PúblicaAsunto(s)
Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Enfermedades Respiratorias/terapia , Seguridad , Trasplante de Células Madre , Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos/efectos adversos , Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos/métodos , Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos/normas , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/normas , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Control Social Formal/métodos , Trasplante de Células Madre/economía , Trasplante de Células Madre/legislación & jurisprudencia , Trasplante de Células Madre/normas , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug AdministrationAsunto(s)
Publicidad Directa al Consumidor , Comercialización de los Servicios de Salud , Trasplante de Células Madre/efectos adversos , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Comercialización de los Servicios de Salud/ética , Comercialización de los Servicios de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Seguridad del Paciente , Medición de Riesgo , Trasplante de Células Madre/ética , Trasplante de Células Madre/legislación & jurisprudencia , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug AdministrationAsunto(s)
Investigación Biomédica/ética , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/ética , Industria Farmacéutica/economía , Colaboración Intersectorial , Enfermedades de la Piel/terapia , Investigación Biomédica/economía , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/economía , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/economía , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Industria Farmacéutica/ética , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There has been a recent surge in health-care providers offering stem cell therapy (SCT) to patients with musculoskeletal disease. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the misinformation present in online direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of SCT targeting patients with musculoskeletal disease in the U.S. It was hypothesized that DTC advertising of SCT contains substantial misinformation. METHODS: A list of keywords was used to identify web sites of practices advertising SCT directly to patients with musculoskeletal disease. Web sites were evaluated to determine the specialties of providers offering SCT, types of SCT being advertised, and misinformation presented. Categories of misinformation included false general claims, inaccurate statements regarding mechanism of action, unfounded results, and scare tactics. RESULTS: Of the 896 practice web sites included in the analysis, 95.9% contained at least 1 statement of misinformation, with a mean of 4.65 ± 3.66 statements of misinformation among the sites. Practices associated with an orthopaedic surgeon provided 22% fewer statements of misinformation than practices without an orthopaedic surgeon when we controlled for the effects of other specialties. Practices associated with a podiatrist also provided 22% fewer statements of misinformation. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly all practices failed to accurately represent the clinical efficacy of SCT in DTC advertising. While practices associated with an orthopaedic surgeon were less likely to provide misinformation, the majority of all web sites contained some type of misinformation, ranging from errors in the basic science of stem cells to outright false and misleading claims of their clinical effectiveness.
Asunto(s)
Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/terapia , Comunicación , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Ética Médica , Humanos , Internet , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
In most video-based advertising, visuals reinforce the ads' verbal messages. This use of redundant images, however, is often not the case in television commercials for prescription drugs. These ads frequently employ dissonant visuals, or pleasant images, during the narration of the drugs' negative side effects. This visual-verbal inconsistency could adversely impact consumers' interpretation and decision-making about the drugs. Through an empirical investigation, this study found that consumers attribute significantly more positive affect and lower risk to prescription drug ads that employ dissonant visuals versus redundant ones. Such findings challenge the ethicality of these pervasive and influential health messages.
Asunto(s)
Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Medicamentos bajo Prescripción/efectos adversos , Televisión , Adulto , Industria Farmacéutica , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Células Madre Adultas , Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria/ética , Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria/legislación & jurisprudencia , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/economía , Ética Médica , Sector de Atención de Salud/ética , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/economía , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/economía , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/terapia , Recolección de Tejidos y Órganos/ética , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Breast cancer related promotions, advertising, and pink ribbons are now ubiquitous in October, yet comparatively little is known about how this advertising impacts breast cancer survivors specifically. The present research uses an embodied knowledge perspective to explore the impact of cancer advertising on female breast cancer survivors. Five focus groups were conducted with 42 participants, and the discussions were analyzed to find common themes. The survivors expressed a desire for cancer advertising to be representative, informative (particularly regarding detection and treatment options), hopeful, and transparent about the organization's motivation and support. Implications and recommendations are also discussed.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Supervivientes de Cáncer/psicología , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Motivación , Adulto , Anciano , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/tendencias , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Revelación de la VerdadAsunto(s)
Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Industria Farmacéutica/ética , Medicamentos bajo Prescripción/economía , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/economía , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Industria Farmacéutica/economía , Humanos , Medicamentos bajo Prescripción/uso terapéutico , Reino UnidoAsunto(s)
Pruebas Dirigidas al Consumidor/ética , Pruebas Genéticas/ética , Confidencialidad , Pruebas Dirigidas al Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Pruebas Dirigidas al Consumidor/psicología , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Comités de Ética , Ética en los Negocios , Pruebas Genéticas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Genética Médica , Agencias Gubernamentales , Humanos , Autonomía Personal , Medicina de Precisión , Riesgo , Sociedades Científicas , España , Revelación de la Verdad , Reino Unido , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug AdministrationAsunto(s)
Aprobación de Recursos , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor , Prótesis e Implantes , Implantación de Prótesis , Cirujanos , Conflicto de Intereses , Aprobación de Recursos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Aprobación de Recursos/normas , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Industria Manufacturera/ética , Industria Manufacturera/métodos , Seguridad del Paciente , Implantación de Prótesis/ética , Implantación de Prótesis/psicología , Cirujanos/ética , Cirujanos/psicologíaRESUMEN
Many factors contribute to the inappropriate use of medicines, including not only a lack of information but also inaccurate and misleading promotional information. This review examines how the promotion of pharmaceuticals directly affects the prescribing and use of medicines. We define promotion broadly as all actions taken directly by pharmaceutical companies with the aim of enhancing product sales. We look in greater detail at promotion techniques aimed at prescribers, such as sales representatives, pharmaceutical advertisements in medical journals and use of key opinion leaders, along with the quality of information provided and the effects thereof. We also discuss promotion to the public, through direct-to-consumer advertising, and its effects. Finally, we consider initiatives to regulate promotion that come from industry, government and nongovernmental organizations.
Asunto(s)
Comercio/ética , Industria Farmacéutica/economía , Industria Farmacéutica/ética , Mercadotecnía/ética , Médicos/economía , Médicos/ética , Medicamentos bajo Prescripción/economía , Códigos de Ética , Decepción , Países Desarrollados , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Industria Farmacéutica/legislación & jurisprudencia , Regulación Gubernamental , Humanos , Difusión de la Información/legislación & jurisprudencia , Organización Mundial de la SaludRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Two previous studies indicate that prosmoking apps might encourage smoking behaviour via smoking cues. The current paper seeks to build on these studies and provide an updated overview of the characteristics of tobacco industry-sponsored apps. METHODS: In November 2017, we identified 19 unique top-selling cigarette brands, 20 smokeless tobacco brands, 30 e-cigarette brands and 43 cigar brands based on Nielsen sales from 2016 Nielsen Scantrack data and 2016 Kantar advertising data from the Kantar Media Stradegy database. We searched for these brand-sponsored apps in the Google Play and Apple iTunes US online stores. RESULTS: We identified four cigarette and one smokeless tobacco brand-sponsored apps on the Google Play store, but none in the Apple store. The apps sponsored by Grizzly, Newport, Skoal, Camel and Winston used the last four digits of the users' social security number to verify age. The Marlboro app offered another option in addition to providing a partial social security number-providing a valid home address. The main feature of all apps was location-based, time-sensitive coupons. Some apps had additional functions such as additional detailed product information, interactive help menus and games. DISCUSSION: This paper provides an up-to-date description of apps that are sponsored by tobacco companies. Cessation interventions could consider reminding their target audience to delete these apps to support quit attempts.
Asunto(s)
Publicidad Directa al Consumidor , Sistemas Electrónicos de Liberación de Nicotina/economía , Aplicaciones Móviles , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Industria del Tabaco/métodos , Productos de Tabaco/economía , Tabaco sin Humo/economía , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/economía , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/métodos , Humanos , Teléfono Inteligente , Medios de Comunicación Sociales/economía , Medios de Comunicación Sociales/éticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Multi-level marketing (MLM) of nutrition products has experienced dramatic growth in recent decades. 'Wellness' is the second most popular niche in the MLM industry and represents 35% of sales among all the products in 2016. This category includes dietary supplements, weight management and sports nutrition products. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether this practice is legal and ethical. METHODS: An analysis of available documentary information about the legal aspects of Multi-level marketing business was performed. Ethical reflexion was based on the "principlism" approach. RESULTS: We argue that, while being a controversial business model, MLM is not fraudulent from a legal point of view. However, it is an unethical strategy obviating all the principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence and autonomy. What is at stake is the possible economic scam and the potential harm those products could cause due to unproven efficacy, exceeding daily nutrient requirements and potential toxicity. The sale of dietary and nutrition supplements products by physicians and dieticians presents a conflict of interests that can undermine the primary obligation of physicians to serve the interests of their patients before their own. CONCLUSION: While considering that MLM of dietary supplements and other nutrition products are a legal business strategy, we affirm that it is an unethical practice. MLM products that have nutritional value or promoted as remedies may be unnecessary and intended for conditions that are unsuitable for self-prescription as well.
Asunto(s)
Comercio/ética , Comercio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Ética en los Negocios , Industria de Alimentos/ética , Industria de Alimentos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Comercialización de los Servicios de Salud/ética , Comercialización de los Servicios de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Conflicto de Intereses/legislación & jurisprudencia , Fraude/ética , Fraude/legislación & jurisprudencia , Regulación Gubernamental , Humanos , Formulación de Políticas , Revelación de la Verdad/éticaRESUMEN
Advertising a plastic surgery practice on social media is fraught with both practical and ethical challenges. We use an institutional betrayalframework to explore the range of potential harms to patient well-being while also considering the pitfalls of social media activity, especially marketing, for practitioners. We also give consideration to the relative benefits that such online patient-clinician relationships can provide. In our analysis, we draw on specific examples of plastic surgery procedures prominently featured on social media, including the Vampire Facelift®.
Asunto(s)
Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/ética , Relaciones Médico-Paciente/ética , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/ética , Medios de Comunicación Sociales/ética , Cirugía Plástica/ética , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Técnicas Cosméticas/normas , Publicidad Directa al Consumidor/métodos , Humanos , Comercialización de los Servicios de Salud/ética , Cirugía Plástica/normasRESUMEN
Los test genéticos directos al consumidor tienen por objeto conocer la predisposición a padecer enfermedades comunes de origen multifactorial. Tal y como se ofrecen constituyen un reclamo cuya calidad y utilidad no ha sido probada, ya que, en muchos casos, no predicen el desarrollo de la enfermedad ni su gravedad. Objeciones tales como la falta de información y de consejo genético, el impacto en el individuo y en su familia, la agresiva publicidad y el riesgo de estigmatización justifican la adopción de cautelas y el sometimiento a unos estrictos estándares éticos y jurídicos
Direct-to-consumer genetic testing aim to meet the predisposition to common diseases of multifactorial origin. These tests are offered as a form of claim whose quality and usefulness has not been tested, since in many cases do not predict the development of the disease or its severity. Objections such as lack of information and genetic counselling, the impact on the individual and his family, aggressive advertising and the risk of stigmatization justify the need to take precautionary measures and to be subject to strict ethical and legal standards