Anatomía microquirúrgica y microvascular: el tríangulo optocarotídeo: consideraciones en cirugía vascular / Microsurgical and microvascular anatomy: the opto-carotid triangle: considerations in vascular surgery

La descripción del triángulo opto - carotídeo (TOC) es muy escasa en la literatura neuroquirúrgica, a pesar de ser un área importante en el manejo de patología vascular variada y frecuente. Con la introducción de nuevas tecnologías imagenológicas y la evolución en las técnicas microquirúrgicas y en cirugía de base de cráneo, es sumamente importante el conocimiento y definición de las áreas anatómicas relevantes en cirugía microvascular, incluyendo su descripción morfométrica. El TOC es un área anatómica que debe de ser abordada durante un importante número de procedimientos neurovasculares, así como para patologías no vasculares y que involucran la región.

Retinohypothalamic projections in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): A study using cholera toxin subunit B.

Retinal projections in vertebrates reach the primary visual, accessory optic, and circadian timing structures. The central feature of the circadian timing system is the principal circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The direct projections from the retina to the SCN are considered the entrainment pathway of the circadian timing system. In this study, unilateral intravitreal injections of cholera toxin subunit B were used to trace the retinal projections to the marmoset hypothalamus. The retinohypothalamic tract reaches the ventral suprachiasmatic nucleus bilaterally, as anticipated from previous studies. However, labeled fibers were found in several other hypothalamic regions, such as the medial and lateral preoptic areas, supraoptic nucleus, anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas, retrochiasmatic area, and subparaventricular zone. These results reveal new aspects of retinohypothalamic projection in primates and are discussed in terms of their implications for circadian as well as noncircadian control systems.

A comparison of eutherian and marsupial optic chiasms: a brief review.

There are four fiber components in the mammalian optic chiasm. Two crossed and two uncrossed components, one of each from each eye. The two crossed components meet at the midline, forming coarse interdigitating bundles in some species, and extremely fine crossing bundles in others. The two components from one eye mingle in the optic nerve. Then in some species they separate, before reaching the chiasm, but in others they do not separate until they reach the midline of the chiasm. Once past the chiasm, the two components that form the tract reunite and one more, the crossed and the uncrossed fibers mingle. The review considers that difference between the marsupial and the eutherian mammals that have been studied, and looks at the developmental changes that are likely to underlie these different types of chiasmatic organization.

Anatomy of Liliequist's membrane.

The anatomy of Liliequist's membrane was studied in seven adult human cadavers by a technique that preserves the cisternal shape, stains arachnoid membranes violet, and fills the arteries with red gelatin. Our findings suggest the following about Liliequist's membrane: it is located between the interpeduncular cistern posteriorly, the carotid cisterns anterolaterally, and the chiasmatic cistern anteromedially; it is attached laterally to the mesial surface of the temporal lobe above the tentorial edge; it lies posterior to the infundibulum; and it presents a free edge between the optic tract and the temporal uncus.

Variaciones anatómicas en la microcirugía de la región selar / Anatomic variation in microsurgery of the sellar area

El presente trabajo muestra las variaciones antómicas de los nervios ópticos, en su longitud desde el quiasma óptico hasta su ingreso en el agujero óptico, las distancias entre los mismos; igualmente nos muestra los diferentes grados de apertura del diafragma selar y las diversas formas que adoptan. Se hace la propuesta de las razones de la invasión supraselar. Se hace la atención en las relaciones vasculares, nerviosas, meníngeas y óseas de la región.