Practice patterns of virtual surgical planning: Survey of the reconstructive section of the American Head and Neck Society.

PURPOSE: Virtual surgical planning (VSP), with custom made implants and guides represents a recent major advance. Nonetheless, knowledge related to practice patterns is limited. The purpose of this study was to provide data from the AHNS Reconstruction Section related to practice patterns, perceived value of VSP, as well as elucidate specific situations which represent high value for the application of VSP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multi-center web-based survey consisting of 30 questions regarding practice patterns related to VSP practices delivered via email to 203 members of the AHNS Reconstructive Surgery Section at institutions across North America. RESULTS: There was a 34% response rate (70/203). A majority of the respondents (96%) used VSP in approximately 50% of their mandibular reconstruction cases, and in 42% of maxillary cases. 46% reported using patient specific implants >75% of cases. Respondents estimated that ~17% of patients received dental implant reconstruction. The majority of respondents (71.0%) did not know the cost of VSP at their institution. The remaining respondents indicated the average cost was $6680 per case. VSP was felt to be necessary as a teaching tool by 55.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that a majority of respondents frequently utilize VSP in their practice for head and neck reconstruction. Complex, multi-unit reconstructions were felt to offer the greatest value when utilizing VSP. Future work should focus on increasing the rates of dental implant reconstruction in this population, optimizing value of VSP with careful case selection, and understanding the educational value and costs of these platforms.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Complications of Free Flaps for Oromandibular Reconstruction.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To determine the frequency and management of short- and long-term complications related to oromandibular free flap reconstruction and identify potentially predictive factors of hardware complications. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: A retrospective database from chart review was formed consisting of 266 oromandibular free flap reconstructions performed at a single institution over a 15-year period. Data were collected on demographics, surgical treatment, complications, and management of complications. Subgroup univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare patients with hardware complications and those without. RESULTS: Eighty-one of 266 patients (30.5%) that underwent oromandibular reconstruction had an early complication (<4 weeks after surgery), and the most common complications were cervical wound dehiscence (11.3%) and fistulas (9.40%). Eighty of 266 patients (30.1%) had a long-term complication (>4 weeks after surgery) and the most common complication was plate exposure (26.7%). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed no association between whether there was hardware extrusion and fibula versus scapula, smoking history, virtual surgical planning (VSP), and dental implantation (P > .05). Only early complications (OR, 3.59, 95% CI, 1.83-7.05, P < .01) and patients undergoing oromandibular reconstruction for osteoradionecrosis (OR, 2.26, 95% CI, 1.10-4.64, P = .03) were strongly and independently associated with subsequent hardware extrusion on univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Both short- and long-term complications are common after oromandibular reconstruction. The most important predictive factor for a late complication is an early complication and prior radiation. There was no difference of plate complications among the various free flap types. Dental implantation and use of VSP were not associated with hardware complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 131:1997-2005, 2021.

Complicaciones perioperatorias y postquirúrgicas tempranas en cirugía ortognática / Intraoperative and immediate post surgical complications in orthognathic surgery

Objetivos: La cirugía ortognática ha experimentado un desarrollo significativo en las últimas décadas que la ha convertido en una técnica segura, pero no está exenta de presentar complicaciones. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar las complicaciones perioperatorias y postquirúrgicas inmediatas (durante el ingreso del paciente) asociadas a la cirugía ortognática en pacientes intervenidos de deformidades dentofaciales en nuestro hospital, analizando las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes y las posibles asociaciones entre el sexo, la edad, el tipo de osteotomía realizada y las complicaciones más frecuentes. Material y métodos: Realizamos un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que comprende 284 intervenciones de cirugía ortognática realizadas consecutivamente entre el 1 de enero del 2000 y el 31 de diciembre del 2016 en el Hospital Povisa de Vigo. Resultados: La media de edad de los pacientes intervenidos fue de 28,72 años. El 64,4 % eran mujeres. La deformidad dentofacial más frecuentemente tratada fue la maloclusión clase III de Angle, y la osteotomía con mayor incidencia fue la osteotomía tipo Le Fort I del maxilar superior. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron clasificados como ASA I. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 174 minutos y el tiempo medio de hospitalización fue de 3,26 días. Las náuseas o vómitos en el postoperatorio inmediato (NVPO) fue la complicación más frecuentemente registrada. Se encontraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el tipo de osteotomía realizada y la hemorragia, las NVPO, la ansiedad, la necesidad de transfusión sanguínea y el dolor postoperatorio. Conclusión: El bajo índice de complicaciones encontradas en el presente estudio sugiere que la cirugía ortognática es un procedimiento quirúrgico seguro

Objectives: Orthognathic surgery has undergone a significant development in recent years becoming a safe surgical technique. However, different complications can occur after orthognathic surgery. The purpose of this study is to analyze the possible complications found during surgery and immediately after orthognatic surgery, at our institution. Material and methods: A retrospective descriptive study comprising 284 consecutive orthognathic surgical procedures performed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2016 at Povisa Hospital, Vigo, Spain, were studied. Results: Mean age of the treated patients was 28.72 years. 64.4 % were women. The most frequent dentofacial deformity diagnosed was Angle class III malocclusion and the most frequent performed osteotomy was Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy. The majority of patients were classified as ASA I. Mean operative time was 174 minutes and mean hospitalization time was 3.26 days. Postoperative nausea or vomiting (PONV) was the most frequent complication found. Statistically significant correlations were found between the type of osteotomy performed and postoperative bleeding, PONV, anxiety, need of blood transfusion and postoperative pain. Conclusions: The low rate of complications found in the present study suggests that orthognathic surgery is a safe surgical procedure

Radiotherapy and Smoking History Are Significant Independent Predictors for Osteosynthesis-Associated Late Complications in Vascular Free Fibula Reconstruction of Mandible.

BACKGROUND: The vascular fibula flap is an ideal choice for function and appearance reconstruction of mandible. Despite the high success rate, "late complications" such as Ti plate exposure and local infection related to osteosynthesis are not uncommon. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A retrospective cohort of patients who received vascular fibula reconstruction for mandible from January 2011 to December 2013 from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology in a tertiary hospital were charted: clinical, pathological, and therapeutic factors were analyzed for late complications in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: One hundred forty-two patients were finally analyzed with median follow-up time of 47 months; 19 of them had "late complications," which occurred at a median of 8 months. Preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.02), type of Ti plate (P = 0.019), and the disease characteristics (P = 0.02) were significant factors on univariate. Cox regression suggested postoperative radiation (P = 0.009) and smoking history (P = 0.037) were independent significant factors for late complications. Secondary reconstruction (P = 0.069) and preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.086) were borderline significant. CONCLUSION: Postoperative radiation and smoking history are associated with late complications. Mini Ti plate should be less used. Patients with risk factors need to be observed for at least 6 to 16 months before further management.

Neonatal Micrognathia: National Trends in Early Mandibular Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Micrognathia is a congenital anomaly that may pose breathing and feeding limitations in newborns, sometimes necessitating invasive management. The present study aims to identify the complications associated with receiving mandibular surgery during the birth stay in order to better predict which patients may benefit from early surgical intervention. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the 2000 to 2012 kids' inpatient databases. We included all live newborn infants born in the hospital through vaginal delivery or caesarean section. We used multivariate logistic regression to investigate the demographic and clinical factors associated with receiving mandibular surgery for micrognathia during the birth stay. RESULTS: Of 19,638,453 births, 999 were diagnosed with micrognathia (0.005%). Forty (4%) patients with micrognathia underwent mandibular surgery during the initial admission. On univariate analysis in newborns with micrognathia, mandibular surgery during birth stay was associated with cleft palate, apnea, intubation, tracheostomy, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and long mechanical ventilation. Multivariate analysis supported the association between mandibular surgery during the initial admission and long mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 24.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7-78.5), OSA (OR, 24.9; 95% CI, 2.5-261.8), apnea (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.5-11.3), and cleft palate (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.0-10.6). However, intubation and tracheostomy were not found to be associated with early mandibular surgery during the birth stay. CONCLUSIONS: The present study identified long mechanical ventilation, apnea, cleft palate, and OSA as factors indicating patients who may benefit from early mandibular surgery, such as mandibular distraction osteogenesis. These findings may bring the clinician closer to standardizing the indications for early mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

[Immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment of patients for traumatic mandibular fracture].

The analysis of immediate and long-term results of the surgical treatment of 286 patients, operated for traumatic mandibular fractures in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National O. O. Bogomolets Medical University. In 67% of patients the anatomical shape of the bone was adequately restored. The presence of residual displacements in other cases was determined by the fracture type and localization, the technical complexity of the surgical intervention, lack of fixation rigidity under certain functional load conditions. In long terms of observation the infection and inflammatory complications were observed in 13.4% of patients, delayed unition and non-unition of bone fragments occurred--in 4.7%, arthosis with persistent dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint--in 6.7%, fibrous ankylosis--in 1.3%. Secondary displacement of fragments was observed in 23.5% of patients due to insufficient stiffness and reliaability of the bone-fixatorsystem. The non-precise reposition of fragments and secondary displacements in the early and late postoperative period were the main cause of occlusal disturbances of various severities, noted in 28% of operated patients, limitation of mouth opening (10%), TMJ disorders and changes in masticatory stereotype (33%), the sensation of pain and discomfort in tough food chewing (35%). A statistical analysis of the effectiveness of different osteosynthesis methods depending on the type and localization of the fracture was carried out and recommendations for usage of fixation devices in clinical practice were given.

[Functional results after temporomandibular joint reconstruction using a total joint prosthesis (part II)]. / Résultats fonctionnels après reconstruction de l'articulation temporo-mandibulaire par prothèse totale (2e partie).

INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are usually managed medically. But partial or total reconstruction may be indicated according to the severity and the functional impairment. We assessed the functional results after total TMJ reconstruction using the Biomet Microfixation® prosthesis (Jacksonville, FL, USA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the files of patients having undergone reconstruction, between 2009 and 2010, with a total TMJ prosthesis. We analyzed the pre- and postoperative mouth opening, the pre- and postoperative occlusion, pre- and postoperative pain according to a simple spoken scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 4 (severe pain). RESULTS: Twelve total TMJ prostheses were placed in five women and three men (mean age 49.2 years). Restriction of mouth opening was the first cause of consultation. The etiology was trauma for four patients. Three patients had preoperative malocclusion. Four patients had bilateral reconstruction. Preoperative pain ranged between 2 and 4. The average initial mouth opening was 17.8mm. There was neither infection nor any major complication. No prosthesis was removed. The mean follow-up was 18.5 months. At the end of the study, pain ranged between 0 and 2. All patients with preoperative malocclusion resumed an Angle class I postoperatively. The average postoperative mouth opening was 39.5mm. DISCUSSION: Total TMJ reconstruction with the Biomet Microfixation® prosthesis improves mouth opening and reduces pain.