Comparison of maternal-fetal attachment, anxiety, depression, and prevalence of intimate partner violence in Iranian women with intended and unintended pregnancy: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancies and intimate partner violence can adversely affect women, infants, and their psychological well-being. The study aimed to compare depression, anxiety, maternal-fetal attachment, and the prevalence of intimate partner violence between women with and without unintended pregnancies in Tabriz, Iran. The study sought to address the lack of research on this topic in the Iranian context. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 486 pregnant women attending health centers in Tabriz City between 2022 and 2023. A cluster sampling method was utilized, and data were gathered through the administration of socio-demographic, Maternal Fetal Attachment, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression, World Health Organization Domestic Violence, and Pregnancy Anxiety instruments. A general linear model (GLM), controlling for potential confounding variables, was used to compare anxiety, depression, and maternal-fetal attachment between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, also controlling for potential confounding variables, was employed to compare the prevalence of domestic violence between the two groups. RESULTS: The results of the adjusted GLM indicated that women with unintended pregnancies had significantly lower maternal-fetal attachment (Adjusted mean difference (AMD):-9.82, 95% CI:-12.4 to -7.15 ; p < 0.001)), higher levels of depression (AMD: 2.89; CI: 1.92 to 3.86 ; p < 0.001), and higher levels of anxiety (MD: 5.65; 95% CI: 3.84 to 7.45; p < 0.001) compared to women with intended pregnancies. During pregnancy, 40% of women with unintended pregnancies and 19.2% of women with intended pregnancies reported experiencing at least one form of physical, sexual, or emotional violence. The results of the adjusted multivariable logistic regression revealed that women with unintended pregnancies had a significantly higher odds of experiencing emotional violence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.64 to 5.26; p < 0.001), sexual violence, (aOR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.85; p = 0.004), and physical violence (aOR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.50 to 3.77; p < 0.001) compared to women with intended pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: The study found that women with unintended pregnancies had lower levels of maternal-fetal attachment, higher levels of anxiety and depression, and a high prevalence of intimate partner violence, including physical, sexual, and emotional violence, compared to women with intended pregnancies. These results emphasize the importance of implementing policies aimed at reducing unintended pregnancies.

Human placental lactogen (human chorionic somatomammotropin) and oxytocin during pregnancy: Individual patterns and associations with maternal-fetal attachment, anxiety, and depression.

Previous studies support links among maternal-fetal attachment, psychological symptoms, and hormones during pregnancy and the post-partum period. Other studies connect maternal feelings and behaviors to oxytocin and suggest that an increase in oxytocin during pregnancy may prime maternal-fetal attachment. To date, researchers have not examined a possible association between maternal-fetal attachment with human placental lactogen although animal models are suggestive. In the current study, we sought to describe oxytocin and human placental lactogen levels as related to psychological constructs across pregnancy. Seventy women participated in the study. At each of three time-points (early, mid, and late pregnancy), the women had their blood drawn to assess oxytocin and human placental lactogen levels, and they completed psychological assessments measuring maternal-fetal attachment, anxiety, and depression. Our results indicate that oxytocin levels were statistically similar across pregnancy, but that human placental lactogen significantly increased across pregnancy. Results did not indicate significant associations of within-person (comparing individuals to themselves) oxytocin or human placental lactogen levels with maternal-fetal attachment. Additionally, results did not show between-person (comparing individuals to other individuals) oxytocin or human placental lactogen levels with maternal-fetal attachment. Oxytocin levels were not associated with anxiety; rather the stage of pregnancy moderated the effect of the within-person OT level on depression. Notably, increasing levels of human placental lactogen were significantly associated with increasing levels of both anxiety and depression in between subject analyses. The current study is important because it describes typical hormonal and maternal fetal attachment levels during each stage of pregnancy, and because it suggests an association between human placental lactogen and psychological symptoms during pregnancy. Future research should further elucidate these relationships.

Dysregulation of CREB5 Impairs Decidualization and Maternal-Fetal Interactions by Inhibiting Autophagy in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.

BACKGROUND: Clinically, recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a pregnancy illness that is difficult to treat. Impaired decidualization is a documented cause of RSA, but the etiology and mechanism are still unknown. cAMP-responsive element binding protein 5 (CREB5) is a member of the ATF/CREB family. CREB5 has been reported to be related to pathological pregnancy, but there are few related studies on this topic in patients with RSA, and the underlying mechanism is unclear. METHODS: We collected decidual tissues from RSA patients and healthy pregnant women to measure the expression level of CREB5, PRL, IGFBP1, ATG5, LC3B, and SQSTM/p62. Then, the changes in CREB5 expression and autophagy levels were measured in human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) during decidualization. The expression levels of PRL and IGFBP1 were tested in sh-CREB5/ov-CREB5 hESCs after decidualization induction, and the autophagy level in sh-CREB5/ov-CREB5 hESCs was measured without decidualization induction. The decidualization ability of sh-CREB5 and ov-CREB5 hESCs treated with an autophagy inducer or inhibitor was measured. To investigate the effect of CREB5 in hESCs on the invasion and migration of HTR8/SVneo cells, we performed a coculture experiment. Finally, we examined the expression of CREB5 and autophagy key proteins in mouse decidual tissues by constructing an abortion mouse model. RESULTS: In our study, we found that the expression of CREB5 was unusually elevated in the uterine decidua of RSA patients, but the expression of PRL, IGFBP1, and autophagy were decreased. During the decidualization of hESCs, the expression of CREB5 gradually decreases in a time-dependent manner with increasing autophagy. Moreover, by knocking down or overexpressing CREB5 in hESCs, it was found that CREB5 can impair decidualization and reduce autophagy in hESCs. Furthermore, the damage caused by CREB5 in terms of decidualization can be reversed by the addition of an autophagy inducer (rapamycin). In addition, CREB5 can increase the secretion of proteins (IL-1ß and TGF-ß1) in hESCs to inhibit trophoblast invasion and migration. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the supposition that CREB5 disturbs the decidualization of endometrial stromal cells and interactions at the maternal-fetal interface by inhibiting autophagy and that its abnormal upregulation and dysfunction may lead to RSA. It may function as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for RSA. Similarly, we found that in the spontaneous abortion mouse model, the expression of CREB5 in the decidual tissue of the abortion group was significantly increased, and autophagy was decreased.

Efectividad audiovisual del monitoreo independiente del bienestar fetal sobre el apego materno-fetal y los resultados del parto / Audiovisual Effectiveness of Independent Fetal Well-being Monitoring on Mother-Fetus Attachment and Birth Outcomes

Introducción: El vínculo madre-feto juega un papel importante en la atención del embarazo, impactando los resultados del nacimiento. El monitoreo del movimiento fetal es una competencia fundamental para que las mujeres embarazadas lo hagan de manera independiente. Objetivo: Producir monitoreo audiovisual del movimiento fetal independiente y probar su efectividad en el apego materno-fetal y los resultados del parto. Métodos: La etapa I, desarrollo de Monitoreo de Bienestar Fetal Audiovisual, con estudio de literatura, etapas, desarrollo de escenarios, creación de audiovisuales, prueba de validez de expertos. La etapa 2 probó la efectividad de los medios audiovisuales sobre el apego materno-fetal con el instrumento Inventario de Apego Prenatal y los resultados del nacimiento a partir del peso del bebé al nacer. Diseño de un verdadero enfoque experimental de grupo de control pretest-postest. Muestras de mujeres embarazadas con antecedentes de atención prenatal en el Centro de Salud Kasihan II, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia con los siguientes criterios: embarazo único, normal, edad gestacional de 28 a 36 semanas. Los encuestados de 60 sujetos se dividieron en grupos experimentales y de control. Los datos normales se probaron mediante la prueba t pareada, la prueba t independiente y MANOVA. Resultados: Puntaje de prueba de validez de experto en contenido 81% muy válido, puntaje de validez de experto en medios 80.33%, válido. La aplicación audiovisual mostró los resultados de la prueba t pareada, tanto en el grupo experimental como en el control hubo diferencias en el pretest y postest, P<0.05. La prueba t de muestra independiente P < 0,05 y los resultados MANOVA simultáneos mostraron una puntuación de apego materno-fetal y un resultado del nacimiento P < 0,05 (AU)

Introduction: The mother-fetus bond plays an important role in pregnancy care, impacting birth outcomes. Monitoring fetal movement is a fundamental competence for pregnant women to do independently. Objective: to produce audiovisual monitoring of independent fetal movement and prove its effectiveness on maternal-fetal attachment and birth outcomes. Methods: Phase I, developing Audiovisual Fetal Well-being Monitoring, with literature study steps, developing scenarios, creating audiovisuals, testing the validity of experts. Stage 2 tested the effectiveness of audiovisual media on maternal-fetal attachment with the Prenatal Attachment Inventory instrument and birth outcomes from infant birth weight. Design of true experimental pretest-posttest control group approach. Samples of pregnant women with a history of antenatal care at the Kasihan II Health Center, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia with the following criteria: single pregnancy, normal, gestational age 28-36 weeks. Respondents of 60 subjects were divided into experimental and control groups. Normal data were tested by paired t test, independent t-test and MANOVA. Results: Content expert validity test score 81% very valid, media expert validity score 80.33%, valid. The audiovisual application showed the results of the paired t-test, both in the experimental and control groups there were differences in pretest and posttest, P <0.05. Independent sample t-test P < 0.05 and simultaneous MANOVA results showed maternal-fetal attachment score and birth outcome P < 0.05. Conclusion: Independent monitoring of fetal well-being using audiovisual media simultaneously affects the increase in maternal-fetal attachment scores and birth outcomes so it is recommended that second trimester pregnant women be taught techniques for counting fetal movements and practicing them routinely (AU)

Una psicoterapia centrada en la parentalidad para tratar la psicopatología perinatal, sostener el vínculo madre-bebé y prevenir los trastornos en el niño / A psychotherapy focused on parenting to treat perinatal psychopathology, to support the mother-baby bond and to prevent disorders in the child

El embarazo y el año que sigue al parto son los períodos de la vida más propiciospara la emergencia de trastornos psicológicos en la mujer. Las consecuencias pueden convertirse en dramáticas paraella, para el vínculo con su hijo y para el desarrollo somático, social y psíquico de este último. Este artículo muestrapor qué es importante cuidar la dimensión psíquica de la parentalidad para un tratamiento eficaz de estos trastornos,a fin de que los efectos terapéuticos beneficien a la vez a la mujer, al vínculo madre-bebé y al niño. Se propone unmodelo de psicoterapia breve centrada en la parentalidad que permite intervenir desde el embarazo y luego incluir elniño en el posparto.(AU)

The pregnancy and first year following childbirth are the most conduciveperiods of life for the emergence of psychological disorders in women. The consequences can be dramatic forthem, for the bond with their child and for the child’s somatic, social and psychological development. This articleshows why it is important to take care of the psychic dimension of parenthood for an effective treatment ofthese disorders, so that the therapeutic effects benefit at the same time the woman, the mother-baby bondand the child. A model of brief psychotherapy focused on parentality is proposed, which allows to intervenefrom pregnancy and then to include the child in the postpartum period.(AU)

L’embaràs i l’any que segueix al part són els períodes de la vida més propicisper a l’emergència de trastorns psicològics en la dona. Les conseqüències poden esdevenir dramàtiques per aella, per al vincle amb el seu fill i per al desenvolupament somàtic, social i psíquic d’aquest. Aquest article mostraper què és important tenir cura de la dimensió psíquica de la parentalitat per a un tractament eficaç d’aqueststrastorns, per tal que els efectes terapèutics beneficiïn al mateix temps la dona, el vincle mare-nadó i el nen. Esproposa un model de psicoteràpia breu centrada en la parentalitat que permet intervenir des de l’embaràs idesprés incloure el nen al postpart.(AU)

El abordaje perinatal interdisciplinar desde Atención Primaria de Salud (APS): el desarrollo de una atención bio-psico-social integrada / The interdisciplinary perinatal approach from Primary Health Care (PHC): the development of an integrated bio-psycho-social care

El Equipo de Atención Primaria (EAP) Roquetes-Canteres de Barcelona se plantea, en el marcode investigación impulsada por Bruc Salut (equipo psicoterapéutico), una intervención bio-psico-social integrada. Eneste artículo se describe la investigación desde su inicio y los diferentes programas que se están llevando a cabo desde2014 con un recorrido por todos los programas desarrollados. Se explica detenidamente cómo se han creado, llevadoa cabo, evaluado y su funcionamiento actual, gracias al trabajo coordinado del equipo interdisciplinar para atenderlos aspectos emocionales de la parentalidad, el establecimiento del vínculo y el buen desarrollo del bebé, así como lasensibilización y contención de los profesionales del equipo. Finalmente, se define la figura del profesional sanitariode enlace del EAP, que se ha creado para coordinar y guiar el equipo y fomentar la mirada bio-psico-social entre losprofesionales, vital para evitar una visión fragmentada de las familias.(AU)

The Primary Health Care Team (EAP) Roquetes-Canteres in Barcelona is considering, within theresearch framework promoted by Bruc Salut (a psychotherapeutic team), an integrated bio-psycho-social intervention.This article describes the research since its beginning and the different programmes that are being carried out since2014 with a tour of all the developed programmes. It explains thoroughly how they have been created, carried out,evaluated and their current operation, thanks to the coordinated work of the interdisciplinary team to address theemotional aspects of parenthood, the establishment of the bond and the good development of the baby, as well asthe awareness and self-restraint of the team professionals. Finally, the figure of the EAP liaison health professional isdefined, which has been created to coordinate and guide the team and to promote the bio-psycho-social view amongthe professionals, vital to avoid a fragmented view of the families.(AU)

L’Equip d’Atenció Primària (EAP) Roquetes-Canteres de Barcelona es planteja,en el marc de la investigació impulsada per Bruc Salut (equip psicoterapèutic), una intervenció biopsicosocialintegrada. En aquest article es descriuen la investigació des de l’inici i els diferents programes que s’estan duenta terme des de 2014 amb un recorregut per tots els programes desenvolupats. S’explica detingudament coms’han creat, dut a terme, avaluat i el funcionament actual, gràcies al treball coordinat de l’equip interdisciplinariper atendre els aspectes emocionals de la parentalitat, l’establiment del vincle, el bon desenvolupament del nadói també la sensibilització i contenció dels professionals de l’equip. Finalment, es defineix la figura del professionalsanitari d’enllaç de l’EAP, que s’ha creat per coordinar i guiar l’equip i fomentar la mirada biopsicosocial entreels professionals, vital per evitar una visió fragmentada de les famílies.(AU)

Trastornos del vínculo con origen en la etapa perinatal. Contribuciones del psicoanálisis y la neurociencia / Bonding disorders starting in the perinatal stage. Contributions of psychoanalysis and neuroscience

Sepresentan en este artículo dos casos atendidos en un centro de salud mental infanto-juvenil (CSMIJ) en los cuales elvínculo materno filial está gravemente comprometido desde etapas prenatales. Tanto desde aportes psicoanalíticoscomo de estudios neurocientíficos actuales, se expone cómo el periodo perinatal es clave para que el bebé puedaconstruir una base emocional sana que repercutirá en su desarrollo posterior. Se subraya la importancia de destinarrecursos a la intervención precoz en mujeres gestantes o en periodo de puerperio que puedan presentar dificultadesemocionales, para fortalecer el vínculo con sus hijos e hijas y prevenir una mayor tendencia a problemas de saludmental en estos.(AU)

Thisarticle presents two cases attended in a child and adolescent mental health center (CSMIJ) in which thematernal-filial bond is severely compromised since prenatal stages. Both psychoanalytical contributions andcurrent neuroscientific studies show how the perinatal period is key for the baby to build a healthy emotionalbase that will have repercussions on its later development. The importance of allocating resources to earlyintervention in pregnant or postpartum women who may present emotional difficulties is emphasized, in orderto strengthen the bond with their children and prevent a greater tendency to mental health problems in them.(AU)

Espresenten en aquest article dos casos atesos en un centre de salut mental infantil i juvenil (CSMIJ) en què el vinclematernofilial està greument compromès des d’etapes prenatals. Tant des d’aportacions psicoanalítiques comd’estudis neurocientífics actuals, s’exposa com el període perinatal és clau perquè el nadó pugui construir unabase emocional sana que repercutirà en el desenvolupament posterior. Se subratlla la importància de destinarrecursos a la intervenció precoç en dones gestants o en període de puerperi que puguin presentar dificultatsemocionals, per enfortir el vincle amb els seus fills i filles i prevenir una tendència més gran a problemes de salutmental en aquests.(AU)

Avaliação do crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil e fatores de risco de um município que integra uma universidade brasileira de cunho internacional / Evaluation of childhood growth and development and risk factors of a municipality that is part of an international brazilian university / Evaluación de los factores de crecimiento y desarrollo infantil y de riesgo de un municipio que forma parte de una universidad brasileña internacional

Fatores de risco, incluindo os de cunho materno, interferem no crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil. Nesse sentido, o conhecimento desses fatores e avaliação ade- quada desses processos são necessários para articulação de estratégias preventivas de transtornos futuros. Assim, o estudo visou investigar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de crianças atendidas em consulta de puericultura em unidades básicas de saúde de um mu- nicípio cearense, que integra uma universidade brasileira de cunho internacional, e seus fatores de risco. Trata-se de estudo observacional, analítico, transversal e de abordagem quantitativa, conduzido com crianças e suas mães no Centro de Saúde de Acarape e Posto de Saúde São Benedito (Acarape ­ CE), no período de fevereiro a julho de 2021. Após consentimento, as mães preencheram um questionário, seguido de avaliação do cresci- mento e desenvolvimento das crianças. Os dados obtidos foram analisados. Das 70 crian- ças, 50,00% (n = 17) e 51,43% (n = 18) dos meninos e meninas tinham baixa estatura para idade, respectivamente. Para o desenvolvimento psicossocial, dos 284 testes condu- zidos, 86,27% (n = 245) foram realizados em plenitude pelas crianças. Observou-se as- sociação significativa entre a gestante ter concebido o filho com, no mínimo, 9 meses de período gestacional e esse apresentar relação Peso/Idade adequada e Estatura/Idade ina- dequada. Houve associação significativa entre a criança não ingerir refresco em pó e apre- sentar relação Peso/Idade adequada. Conclui-se que as crianças tinham idade gestacional adequada e apresentavam estado nutricional apropriado, apesar da baixa estatura para idade. Manifestavam desenvolvimento psicossocial, de linguagem e físico normais. Sobre os fatores de risco, esses envolveram os de cunho materno e o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos.

Risk factors, including maternal ones, interfere with child growth and de- velopment. In this sense, knowledge of these factors and adequate evaluation of these processes are necessary to articulate preventive strategies for future disorders. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the growth and development of children seen in childcare con- sultations in primary health units in Ceará, part of a Brazilian university of international character, and their risk factors. This is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted with children and their mothers at the Acarape Health Center and São Benedito Health Center (Acarape ­ CE), from February to July 2021. After consent, the mothers completed a questionnaire, followed by an assessment of the children's growth and development. The data obtained were analyzed. Of the 70 children, 50.00% (n = 17) and 51.43% (n = 18) of the boys and girls were short for their age, respectively. Of the 284 tests conducted for psychosocial development, 86.27% (n = 245) were entirely performed by the children. A significant association was observed between the pregnant woman having conceived her child at least nine months of gestation and having an adequate Weight/Age and Height/Age ratio. There was a significant asso- ciation between the child not ingesting powdered soft drinks and having an appropriate Weight/Age ratio. It was concluded that the children had an adequate gestational age and had an appropriate nutritional status, despite their low height for their age. They showed normal psychosocial, language, and physical development. The risk factors involved those of mother nature and the consumption of cariogenic foods.

Los factores de riesgo, incluidos los maternos, interfieren en el crecimiento y desarrollo infantil. En este sentido, el conocimiento de estos factores y la evaluación adecuada de estos procesos son necesarios para articular estrategias preventivas de futu- ros trastornos. Así, el estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el crecimiento y desarrollo de niños atendidos en consultas de puericultura en unidades básicas de salud de un muni- cipio de Ceará, que forma parte de una universidad brasileña de carácter internacional, y sus factores de riesgo. Se trata de un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con niños y sus madres en el Centro de Salud de Acarape y el Centro de Salud São Benedito (Acarape ­ CE), de febrero a julio de 2021. Después del consentimiento, las madres completaron un cuestionario, seguido de una evaluación del crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados. De los 70 niños, el 50,00% (n = 17) y el 51,43% (n = 18) de los niños y niñas eran bajos para su edad, respectivamente. Para el desarrollo psicosocial, de las 284 pruebas realizadas, el 86,27% (n = 245) fueron realizadas íntegramente por los niños. Se observó una asociación significativa entre la gestante haber concebido a su hijo con al menos 9 meses de gesta- ción y tener una adecuada relación Peso/Edad y Talla/Edad. Hubo asociación significativa entre el niño que no ingiere gaseosas en polvo y presentar una adecuada relación Peso/Edad. Se concluyó que los niños tenían una edad gestacional adecuada y un estado nutricional adecuado, a pesar de su baja talla para su edad. Presentaron un desarrollo psi- cosocial, lingüístico y físico normal. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo, estos involucraron los de naturaleza materna y el consumo de alimentos cariogénicos.

Which social, gestational and mental health aspects are associated to maternal-fetal attachment? / Quais aspectos sociais, gestacionais e de saúde mental materna estão associados ao apego materno-fetal?

Abstract Objectives: this study aimed to explore a set of factors associated with lower maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) in pregnant women. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study corresponding to the second wave of a cohort study with a population-based sample of pregnant women in the South of Brazil. The maternal-fetal attachment scale (MFAS) was used to measure MFA. Bivariate analysis was performed using the t-test and ANOVA. The variables that presented p<0.20 were taken for multivariate analysis, through linear regression, in order to control possible confounding factors. Results: a total of 840 pregnant women were included. Pregnant women who had lower MFA means were those who did not live with a partner (B=-3.8 [CI95%=-6.0; -1.7]), those between the first and second trimester of pregnancy (B=-4.3 [CI95%=-5.9; -2.6]), those who did not have support from their mother during pregnancy (B=-2.4 [CI95%=-4.6; -0.2]), and those with depressive symptoms (B=-4.9 [CI95%=-7.4; -2.5]). Conclusions: the results showed that a higher MFA it is associated with an adequate support network during pregnancy, better maternal mental health, and with an advanced pregnancy. Early evaluation of MFA and effort to promote an adequate prenatal bond, focusing on maternal psychological and emotional aspects are strongly suggested.

Resumo Objetivos: explorar um conjunto de fatores associados ao menor apego materno-fetal (AMF) em gestantes. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal, correspondente à segunda fase de um estudo de coorte com uma amostra de base populacional de gestantes no sul do Brasil. Foi utilizada a Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal (EAMF) para medir o AMF. A análise bivariada foi realizada através do teste t e ANOVA. As variáveis que apresentaram p<0,20 foram levadas para análise multivariada, por meio de regressão linear, a fim de controlar possíveis fatores de confusão. Resultados: foram incluídas 840 gestantes. As gestantes que apresentaram menores médias de AMF foram aquelas que não moravam com um companheiro (B=-3,8 [IC95%=-6,0; -1,7]), que estavam entre o primeiro e o segundo trimestre de gestação (B=-4,3 [IC95%=-5,9; -2,6]), que não tiveram o apoio da mãe durante a gestação (B=-2,4 [IC95%=-4,6; -0,2]) e que apresentaram sintomas depressivos (B=-4,9 [IC95%=-7,4; -2,5]). Conclusões: os resultados mostraram que um maior AMF está associado a presença de uma rede de apoio adequada na gravidez, melhor saúde mental materna e a uma gestação avançada. A avaliação precoce do AMF e a promoção de um vínculo pré-natal adequado, com foco nos aspectos psicológicos e emocionais maternos são fortemente sugeridos.

Apego materno-fetal e transtornos psiquiátricos em gestantes com fetos malformados / Maternal-fetal attachment and psychiatric disorders in pregnant women with malformed fetuses

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados aos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e ao apego materno-fetal em gestantes com diagnóstico de malformações congênitas. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de corte transversal realizado durante o período de dezembro/2019 a março/2020. Foram incluídas 77 gestantes com diagnóstico de malformação fetal atendidas no Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) e excluídas aquelas < 18 anos e as que sabiam o diagnóstico da malformação há menos de três semanas. Aplicou-se um questionário com variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, além da Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão e da Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal. Para análise estatística, foi aplicado o modelo de regressão logística multivariado com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Entre as gestantes, 46,8% possuíam sintomas ansiosos e 39%, depressivos, sendo o apego materno-fetal médio em 54,5% e alto em 45,5%. Antecedentes de ansiedade e depressão e não possuir religião foram associados a maior risco de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, e saber da malformação há ≥ 10 semanas associou-se apenas ao risco de ansiedade e ter gestação múltipla associou-se apenas ao risco de depressão. O apego materno-fetal não foi associado a ansiedade ou depressão. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se alta prevalência de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em gestantes com fetos malformados, além da presença de apego materno-fetal médio/alto em todas pacientes, porém sem associação com os transtornos psiquiátricos estudados. Diante disso, urge a necessidade da criação de novas linhas de cuidado voltadas à saúde mental dessas mulheres.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms and maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women diagnosed with congenital malformations. METHODS: Prospective cross-sectional study conducted from December/2019 to March/2020. Seventy-seven managers with a diagnosis of fetal malformation attended at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) and those under 18 years of age who did not know the diagnosis of malformation in less than 3 weeks were excluded. Applicable to a questionnaire with clinical and sociodemographic variables, in addition to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Maternal- -Fetal Attachment Scale. For statistical analysis, the multivariate logistic regression model was applied with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: Among pregnant women, 46.8% had anxiety symptoms and 39% depressive symptoms, with average maternal-fetal attachment at 54.5% and high at 45.5%. History of anxiety and depression and cannot use religion have been associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression, whereas malformation saber for ≥ 10 weeks, associated only with risk of anxiety and multiple pregnancy only in depression. Maternal-fetal attachment was not associated with anxiety or depression. CONCLUSION: If there is a high prevalence of anxious and depressive symptoms in pregnant women with malformed fetuses, in addition to the presence of medium maternal-fetal/high attachment in all patients, with no association with the studied psychiatric disorders. Therefore, request the creation of new lines of care aimed at the mental health of these women.

Abbreviated Version of the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale: Evidence of Validity and Reliability / Versão Abreviada da Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal: Evidências de Validade e Confiabilidade / Versión Corta de la Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale: Evidencia de Validez y Fiabilidad

Abstract The Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale has been widely applied in research on the subject. There are no known studies that have validated a shortened version of this instrument in Brazil. This study aimed to propose a shortened version of the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale and examine its evidence of validity and reliability. This methodological study was carried out on a sample of 937 pregnant women in the Primary Health Care of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais - Brazil. Construct validity and reliability were measured. A trifactor version with 15 items was obtained, which presented satisfactory adjustment indexes. Convergent and discriminant validities were close to the recommended ones. The scale differentiated attachment scores according to different sample characteristics. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.878) and composite reliability (> 0.70) were appropriate. The abbreviated Brazilian version of the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale presented satisfactory psychometric attributes for application to pregnant women in Primary Health Care.

Resumo A Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal tem sido amplamente aplicada em pesquisas sobre a temática. Desconhecem-se investigações sobre a validade de uma versão reduzida desse instrumento no Brasil. Este estudo teve por objetivo propor uma versão abreviada da Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal e examinar suas evidências de validade e confiabilidade. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, realizado com uma amostra de 937 gestantes no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais - Brasil. Obteve-se uma versão trifatorial com 15 itens, que apresentou índices satisfatórios de ajuste. As validades convergente e discriminante foram próximas do recomendado. A escala diferenciou os escores de apego segundo diferentes características da amostra. A consistência interna (α de Cronbach = 0,878) e a confiabilidade composta (> 0,70) foram apropriadas. A versão brasileira abreviada da Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal apresentou atributos psicométricos satisfatórios para aplicação a gestantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Resumen La Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale es ampliamente aplicada en estudios sobre la temática. No existen investigaciones sobre la validez de una versión corta de este instrumento en Brasil. Se pretende proponer una versión corta de esta escala y examinar su validez y fiabilidad. Estudio metodológico, realizado en la Atención Primaria de Salud de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais - Brasil en una muestra de 937 mujeres embarazadas. Se midieron la validez y la fiabilidad del constructo. Se obtuvo una versión de tres factores, con 15 ítems, e índices de ajuste satisfactorios. La validez convergente y discriminante se acercó a lo recomendado. La escala diferenció las puntuaciones de vinculación según las distintas características de la muestra. La consistencia interna (α de Cronbach = 0,878) y la fiabilidad compuesta (> 0,70) fueron adecuadas. La versión corta de Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale para Brasil presentó atributos psicométricos satisfactorios para aplicarse a gestantes en Atención Primaria de Salud.

Convertirse en madre durante la gestación: validación de un nuevo instrumento para su medición / Becoming a mother during pregnancy: validation of a new instrument for its measurement

Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un nuevo instrumento para la evaluación del compromiso con la maternidad, el apego maternofetal y la preparación para la maternidad durante el periodo de la gestación a partir de la teoría de Ramona Mercer. Metodología: Estudio metodológico psicométrico realizado con 200 mujeres gestantes de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, durante los años 2018 y 2019, en 3 fases: revisión de la literatura, diseño y validación de un instrumento. Se diseñó un instrumento a partir de los atributos identificados en la fase de revisión de la literatura, y se realizaron la validación de contenido con expertos, la validación facial a través de una prueba piloto, y para la validez de constructo se utilizó el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE). Adicionalmente, se calculó la consistencia interna del instrumento. Resultados: La mediana de la edad y de las semanas de gestación de las mujeres participantes fue de 26 años y 26 semanas, respectivamente. En la validación de contenido, el 100% de los ítems obtuvieron una V de Aiken >0,7 y un intervalo de confianza del 95% >0,7. El modelo final del AFE obtuvo un índice de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) de 0,88 y mostró 3 factores que explicaron el 68,1% de la varianza y un total de 21 ítems: apoyo y presencia del compañero (11), preparación altruista (6) y apego cognitivo (4). La consistencia interna global obtenida a través del índice alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,90. Conclusiones: El instrumento «Convertirse en Madre» durante la gestación mostró ser válido y confiable, y permitió que emergiera la dimensión «apoyo y presencia del compañero», no contemplada por Mercer en su teoría, y que desapareciera la dimensión «compromiso con la maternidad». (AU)

Objective: To design and validate a new instrument to assess the commitment with the motherhood, the maternal-fetal bonding and the preparation for motherhood during pregnancy from Ramona Mercer’s theory. Methodology: Methodological psychometric study carried out with 200 pregnant women from the city of Medellín (Colombia) during the years 2018 and 2019 in three phases: literature review, design and validation of an instrument. An instrument was designed based on the attributes identified in the literature review phase and content validation was carried out with experts, facial validation through a pilot test and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used for the construct validity. Additionally, the calculation of the internal consistency of the instrument. Results: The median age and gestation weeks of the participating women was 26 years and 26 weeks respectively. In the content validation, 100% of the items obtained an Aiken V greater than 0.7 and a CI95% above 0.7. The final model of EFA obtained a Kaiser Meyer-Olkin of 0.88 and showed three factors that explained 68.1% of the variance and a total of 21 items: support and presence of the partner (11), altruistic preparation (6) and cognitive bondin (4). The overall internal consistency obtained through Cronbach’s alpha was 0.90. Conclusions: The instrument becoming a mother during pregnancy proved to be valid and reliable and allowed the dimension of support and presence of the partner not contemplated by Mercer to emerge in her theory and the commitment to motherhood to disappear. (AU)

Madres adolescentes de Valparaíso: Riesgo relacional, apego y síntomas depresivos en comparación a madres adultas / Teenage mothers of Valparaiso: relational risk, attachment and depressive symptoms compared to adult others

El embarazo adolescente es considerado un factor de riesgo tanto para la salud de la madre como para la de su futuro hijo por significar una doble crisis del ciclo vital, poniendo en riesgo el proceso de vinculación. Objetivos. El presente estudio busca analizar el riesgo relacional, tipo de apego y comparar la aparición de síntomas depresivos en madres adolescentes y adultas durante la gestación y en el período postparto. Métodos. Estudio prospectivo de dos cohortes de primigestas adolescentes y adultas, pertenecientes a centros de atención primaria de Valparaíso durante el año 2013. Resultados. Las madres adolescentes presentaron una mayor prevalencia de apego no seguro, mayores tasas de alto riesgo relacional materno-fetal y madre-bebé y mayor prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en comparación a madres adultas. Sin embargo, sólo la diferencia en la prevalencia de apego no seguro entre ambas cohortes fue estadísticamente significativa.

Teenage pregnancy is considered a risk factor for both the mother and her child's health and wellbeing. It can be hypothesized that going through a double psychological crisis might be harmful to the development of a secure relationship of attachment in the dyad. Objectives. This investigation seeks to analyze relational risks, attachment styles, and to compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms between teenage mothers and adult mothers during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods. An observational prospective cohort study was carried out, considering primiparous mothers, both teenage and adults, who attended primary public healthcare centers in Valparaíso during 2013. Results: In comparison to adult mothers, teenage mothers were more likely to exhibit insecure attachment styles, depressive symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum, and scored higher in the relational risk assessment scale. However, only the difference on the rate of insecure attachment styles between teenage and adult mothers was statistically significant.

Intervención educativa en prevención preconcepcional de efectos embriofetales de la diabetes mellitus. Policlínico Universitario Carlos Verdugo, 2018-2019 / Educational intervention in preconceptional prevention of embryo fetal effects of diabetes mellitus. University Policlinic Carlos Verdugo, 2018-2019

RESUMEN Introducción: los efectos embriofetales derivados de la exposición a la diabetes mellitus, durante el período prenatal de la vida, se extienden a la etapa posnatal con importantes repercusiones para la salud, incluyendo el efecto transgeneracional de la enfermedad. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa para incrementar el nivel de conocimientos en prevención preconcepcional de efectos embriofetales de la diabetes mellitus en mujeres en edad fértil, pertenecientes al Consultorio 1 del Policlínico Universitario Carlos Verdugo, del municipio Matanzas, entre enero de 2018 y diciembre de 2019. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención que constó de tres etapas. Un universo de 198 mujeres en edad fértil pertenecientes al Consultorio 1 del Policlínico Universitario Carlos Verdugo, durante el período señalado. Se empleó la encuesta para medir factores de riesgo de diabetes mellitus y conocimientos de las féminas en prevención preconcepcional de los efectos embriofetales de la enfermedad. Resultados: la edad superior a 30 años y la presencia de sobrepeso u obesidad fueron los factores de riesgo más detectados. Resultó calificado de malo el nivel de conocimientos en prevención preconcepcional de efectos embriofetales de la diabetes, previo a la intervención. Conclusiones: después de la implementación del programa educativo, se elevó el conocimiento sobre prevención preconcepcional de efectos embriofetales de la diabetes mellitus en las mujeres en edad fértil del consultorio 1 del Policlínico Universitario Carlos Verdugo, del municipio Matanzas, lo que demostró su efectividad (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the embryo-fetal effects derived of the exposition to diabetes mellitus during the prenatal period of the life, extend to the postnatal stage, with important repercussions for health, including the disease's transgenerational effect. Objective: to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention for increasing knowledge on pre-conceptional prevention of embryo-fetal effects of diabetes mellitus in fertile-aged women belonging to Family Doctor's office 1, of the University Policlinic Carlos Verdugo, municipality of Matanzas, from January 2018 to December 2019. Materials and methods: an interventional study was carried out, divided into three stages. The universe were 198 fertile-aged women belonging to Family Doctor's office 1, of the University Policlinic Carlos Verdugo, during the stated period. A survey was used to measure diabetes mellitus risk factors and women's knowledge on pre-conceptional preventing the disease's embryo-fetal effects. Results: age over 30 and being overweight or obese were the most frequently found risk factors. The knowledge level on pre-conceptional preventing diabetes mellitus embryo-fetal effects was poor before the intervention. Conclusions: after implementing the educational program, knowledge on pre-conceptional prevention of diabetes mellitus embryo-fetal effects increased among fertile-aged women of the Family Doctor's 1, of the policlinic Carlos Verdugo, of the municipality of Matanzas, demonstrating its effectiveness (AU).

Atuação da equipe de enfermagem no estabelecimento do apego entre mãe e filho: revisão integrativa / Performance of the nursing team in the establishment of addition between mother and son: integrative review / Desempeño del equipo de enfermería en el establecimiento de la afición entre madre e hijo: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: Demonstrar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura atual acerca da atuação da equipe de enfermagem no estabelecimento de relações de apego entre mãe e filho. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em abril de 2020 nas bases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, United State National Library of Medicine e Scientific Electronic Library Online. Utilizou-se como descritores: "Relações mãe-filho/motherchild relationships", "enfermagem/nursing" e o descritor não controlado "apego/attachment" combinados pelo operador booleano "AND". Resultados: As dificuldades no estabelecimento de apego entre mãe e filho foram destacadas quando as crianças estão hospitalizadas, quando são deixadas em instituição de ensino ou pessoas externas e quando as mães tiveram hábitos inapropriados durante o período gravídico-puerperal que possa ter afetado o crescimento e desenvolvimento do bebê. A enfermagem facilita o estabelecimento do vínculo mãe e filho, atenua fatores estressores de forma humanística baseada na integralidade. Conclusão: O estabelecimento satisfatório do comportamento de apego é essencial para a saúde mental do ser humano. Envolver-se no cuidado na hospitalização e educação de uma criança requer conhecimento dos seus condicionantes biológicos, psicológicos, sociais, ambientais, para que se compreenda a complexidade da situação de afastamento do meio familiar.

Objective: To demonstrate the scientific evidence available in the current literature about the performance of the nursing team in establishing attachment relationships between mother and child. Method: Integrative literature review conducted in April 2020 on the Virtual Health Library, United State National Library of Medicine and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases. The following descriptors were used: "Relações mãe-filho/motherchild relationships", "enfermagem/ Nursing" and the uncontrolled descriptor "apego/attachment" combined by the Boolean operator "AND". Results: The difficulties in establishing attachment between mother and child were highlighted when the children are hospitalized, when they are left in an educational institution or outside persons and when the mothers had inappropriate habits during the pregnancy-puerperal period that may have affected growth and baby development. Nursing facilitates the establishment of a mother-child bond, mitigating stressors in a humanistic manner based on comprehensiveness. Conclusion: The satisfactory establishment of attachment behavior is essential for human mental health. Getting involved in the care of a child's hospitalization and education requires knowledge of its biological, psychological, social, and environmental conditions, in order to understand the complexity of the situation of distance from the family.

Objetivo: Demostrar la evidencia científica disponible en la literatura actual sobre el desempeño del equipo de enfermería en el establecimiento de relaciones de apego entre madre e hijo. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada en abril de 2020 en las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, United State National Library of Medicine y Scientific Electronic Library Online. Se utilizaron los siguientes descriptores: "Relações mãefilho/mother-child relationships", "enfermagem/ nursing" y el descriptor no controlado "apego / attachment" combinado por el operador booleano "AND". Resultados: Se destacaron las dificultades para establecer el vínculo entre madre e hijo cuando los niños son hospitalizados, cuando se les deja en una institución de enseñanza o personas ajenas y cuando las madres tenían hábitos inapropiados durante el período gestacional-puerperal que pueden haber afectado el crecimiento y desarrollo del bebé. La enfermería facilita el establecimiento de un vínculo madre-hijo, mitigando los estresores de manera humanista basada en la integralidad. Conclusión: El establecimiento satisfactorio de la conducta de apego es esencial para la salud mental humana. Involucrarse en el cuidado de la hospitalización y educación de un niño requiere el conocimiento de sus condiciones biológicas, psicológicas, sociales y ambientales, para comprender la complejidad de la situación de distanciamiento de la familia.

Sentimentos maternos frente ao óbito perinatal / Maternal feelings in face of perinatal death / Sentimento maternal frente para muerte perinatal

Objetivo: compreender os sentimentos maternos frente à morte perinatal. Método: estudo qualitativo de natureza interpretativa, com 23 mulheres que vivenciariam a perda de um filho no período perinatal no ano de 2015, no município de Ponta Grossa/ Paraná. A análise dos dados se deu pela Análise de conteúdo na perspectiva de Bardin. Resultados: após a análise das informações emergiram duas categorias de contexto, "Sentimentos maternos frente à morte" e "Quem vê minha dor". Sentimentos como raiva, medo, choque, desespero e tristeza profunda se fizeram presentes. Toda mãe demanda de um tempo para encontrar um significado a sua perda e então reestruturar a vida e o seu papel na família e na sociedade. Conclusão: é de extrema importância criar redes de apoio capacitadas para atender essas mães e ajudar nesse processo difícil

Objective: to understand maternal feelings towards perinatal death. Method: qualitative study of an interpretative nature, with 23 women who would experience the loss of a child in the perinatal period in 2015, in the municipality of Ponta Grossa / Paraná. Data analysis was done through Content Analysis from the perspective of Bardin. Results: after analyzing the information, two context categories emerged, "Maternal feelings towards death" and "Who sees my pain". Feelings such as anger, fear, shock, despair and deep sadness were present. Every mother demands time to find meaning in her loss and then restructure life and her role in the family and society. Conclusion: it is extremely important to create support networks capable of serving these mothers and helping in this difficult process

Objetivo: comprender los sentimientos maternos hacia la muerte perinatal. Método: estudio cualitativo de carácter interpretativo, con 23 mujeres que experimentarían la pérdida de un hijo en el período perinatal en 2015, en el municipio de Ponta Grossa / Paraná. El análisis de datos se realizó a través del análisis de contenido desde la perspectiva de Bardin. Resultados: después de analizar la información, surgieron dos categorías de contexto, "Sentimientos maternos hacia la muerte" y "Quién ve mi dolor". Sentimientos como ira, miedo, conmoción, desesperación y profunda tristeza estaban presentes. Cada madre exige tiempo para encontrar el significado de su pérdida y luego reestructurar la vida y su papel en la familia y la sociedad. Conclusión: es extremadamente importante crear redes de apoyo capaces de servir a estas madres y ayudar en este difícil proceso

Efeitos do Uso do Crack e Cocaína Durante a Gestação Para o Recém-Nascido / Effects of the use of crack and cocaine during pregnancy for the newborn

Objetivo: Buscar as evidências científicas sobre os efeitos do uso de cocaína e crack durante a gestação para o recém-nascido. Métodos: Trata-se de uma de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada pelas bases de dados Medical Literature on Line (via PubMed), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) e a Base de Dados de Enfermagem. Para estratégia de busca utilizou-se os seguintes descritores em inglês e português: pregnancy, crack, cocaine, Pregnancy Complications, Fetus, Street Drugs, Infant, Newborn. Foram incluídos artigos originais, disponíveis na íntegra, publicados entre os anos de 2014 a 2019. Resultados: Obteve-se um total de 9 artigos incluídos neste estudo. Os principais efeitos do uso do crack ou cocaína durante a gestação para o recém-nascido foram baixo APGAR, atraso de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, baixo peso ao nascer, alterações nos reflexos primitivos, malformação congênita e microcefalia. Conclusão: Foram encontrados nove artigos que compuseram a amostra final deste estudo. Esse número reafirma a necessidade de realizar estudos originais sobre os efeitos biológicos do uso do crack ou da cocaína na gestação para o recém-nascido. (AU)

Objective: Find out the evidences about the effect of the use of cocaine and crack during the privacy for the newborn. Methods: It is a integrative literature review, based on the Medical Literature on Line - MEDLINE (by PubMed), Latina American literature and Caribbean in Heath Science- LILACS (at Virtual lLibrary in Heath) and the Nursing dates (BDENF). For search strategy, the following descriptors (DeCS) in English and Portuguese were used: Pregnancy, Complications, Fetus, Street, Drugs, Infant, Newborn. Original articles available in full, published between 2014 and 2019 were included. Results: A total of 9 articles were included in this study. The main effects of crack or cocaine use during the pregnancy for the newborn were low APGAR, delayed neuropsychomotor, low birth weight, changes in primitive reflexes, congenital malformation and microcephaly. Conclusions: Nine articles were found that comprised the final sample of this study. This number reaffirm the need to carry out original studies on the biological effects of crack and cocaine use during pregnancy for the newborn. (AU)

Objetivo: Buscar evidencia científica sobre los efectos del uso de cocaína y crack durante el embarazo para el recién nacido. Métodos: Esta es una revisión de literatura integradora, realizada por Medical Literature on Line - MEDLINE (a través de PubMed), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud - LILACS (a través de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud) y la base de datos de enfermería (BDENF). Para la estrategia de búsqueda, se utilizaron los siguientes descriptores (DeCS) en inglés y portugués: embarazo, crack, cocaína, complicaciones del embarazo, feto, drogas callejeras, lactantes, recién nacidos. Se incluyeron artículos originales, disponibles en su totalidad, publicados entre 2014 y 2019. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 9 artículos incluidos en este estudio. Los principales efectos del uso de crack o cocaína durante el embarazo para el recién nacido fueron bajo APGAR, retraso en el desarrollo neuropsicomotor, bajo peso al nacer, cambios en los reflejos primitivos, malformación congénita y microcefalia. Conclusión: Se encontraron nueve artículos que constituían la muestra final de este estudio. Este número reafirma la necesidad de llevar a cabo estudios originales sobre los efectos biológicos del uso de crack o cocaína durante el embarazo para el recién nacido. (AU)

Índice de masa corporal y estado nutricional en adolescentes embarazadas de la consulta de alto riesgo obstétrico del Hospital Central Universitario Dr. Antonio María Pineda / Body mass index and nutritional status in pregnant adolescents that attend the high risk clinic of the Hospital Central Universitario Dr. Antonio Maria Pineda

El embarazo adolescente es un problema de salud pública por sus consecuencias sociales, de salud y nutrición para el binomio madre-hijo. Con el objetivo de evaluar el estado nutricional de adolescentes embarazadas que acudieron a la consulta de Alto Riesgo Obstétrico del Hospital Central Universitario Dr. Antonio María Pineda, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, seleccionando 165 adolescentes embarazadas las cuales se caracterizaron por un promedio de edad de 17,24 ± 1,54 años, 45,4% tenían anemia y 72,1% eran primigestas. La edad promedio de la menarquia y de la sexarquia fue 11,66 ± 1,40 años y 15,13 ± 1,83 años, respectivamente. Con respecto al estado nutricional, el 54,5% de las adolescentes presentaron bajo peso y 38,7% normopeso durante el primer trimestre; en el tercer trimestre, el 67,2% de las adolescentes tenían un peso normal, 17,5% bajo peso y 10,3% sobrepeso. Con respecto al progreso del estado nutricional, de las adolescentes que tenían bajo peso en el primer trimestre, 67,7% pasaron a tener un peso normal y 32,2% seguían presentando bajo peso; 79,7% de las pacientes con normopeso se mantuvieron igual, 18,7% pasaron a tener sobrepeso y 1,5% obesidad. Los resultados demuestran que el control antropométrico es necesario para monitorear nutricionalmente a las adolescentes embarazadas con la finalidad de prevenir o controlar la ocurrencia de condiciones materno-fetales indeseables(AU)

Adolescent pregnancy is a public health problem due to its social, health and nutritional consequences for the mother and child. With the goal to evaluate the nutritional status of pregnant adolescents who attended the High Obstetric Risk clinic of the Hospital Central Universitario Dr. Antonio Maria Pineda, a cross-sectional descriptive study was done in 165 pregnant adolescents with an average age of 17.24 ± 1.54 years, 45.4% had anemia and 72.1% were primiparous. The average age of menarche and sexarquia was 11.66 ± 1.4 years and 15.13 ± 1.83 years, respectively. In regards to nutritional status, 54.5% of adolescents had low weight and 38.7% had normal weight in the first trimester. In the third trimester, 67.2% had normal weight, 17.5% had low weight and 10.3% were overweight. In regards to nutritional status progress, 67.7% of adolescents that were underweight in the first trimester had normal weight in the third trimester and 32.3% continued to have low weight; 79.7% of adolescents with normal weight in the first trimester continued to have normal weight while 18.7% became overweight and 1.5% obese. These results show that anthropometric control is necessary in order to nutritionally monitor pregnant adolescents and prevent or control the occurrence of undesirable maternal-fetal conditions(AU)

Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de la sífilis congénita en neonatos: Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga / Clinical and epidemiological features of congenital syphilis in neonatos: Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediatrico Dr. Agustin Zubillaga

Se realizó una estudio descriptivo transversal de recolección retrospectiva de datos de 102 historias clinicas con el objetivo de describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la sífilis congénita en neonatos registrados en el Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga durante el período enero 2014 a junio 2017. Los resultados evidencian que el 52% de los neonatos eran del sexo masculino, el peso y longitud del neonato osciló entre 2501 a 4000 gramos y 46 a 55 cms, respectivamente; los neonatos pretérmino y a término tenían un tamaño adecuado; el APGAR fue normal al minuto, cinco y diez minutos. Las manifestaciones clínicas y paraclínicas más frecuentes fueron ictericia (41,2%), leucocitosis (16,7%) y periostitis (12,8%). El 78,4% de los casos presentaron VDRL no reactivo en LCR mientras que 72,5% mostraron VDRL reactivo en sangre. En conclusión, es importante aumentar el control prenatal e indicar de forma rutinaria el VDRL en sangre con la finalidad de detectar tempranamente los casos de sífilis materna y de esta manera prevenir la sífilis congénita(AU)

A descriptive, cross-sectional study, of retrospective review of data from 102 medical charts was carried out in order to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of congenital syphilis in neonates registered at the Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga during the period January 2014 to June 2017. Male sex was predominant 52%, weight and height of newborns were between 2.501 to 4.000 grams and 46 to 55 cms, respectively; preterm and term neonates were of adequate size; APGAR score was normal at one, five and ten minutes. Most common clinical and paraclinical manifestations of congenital syphilis of the neonate at birth were jaundice (41,2%), leucocitosis (16,7%) and periostitis (12,8%). 78,4% had non-reactive VDRL in cerebrospinal fluid while 72,5% had reactive VDRL in blood. In conclusion, it is important to increase prenatal control and screen for maternal syphilis in order to detect early cases and prevent congenital syphilis(AU)

Factores fetales asociados a prematuridad / Fetal factors associated with prematurity

Objetivo: identificar los factores fetales asociados a la prematuridad en el Hospital Vicente Corral de Cuenca-Ecuador en el periodo 2016-2017. Materiales y métodos: se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles, con contrastación doble, utilizando dos controles de igual edad posnatal y sexo por cada caso. De una población homogénea de neonatos menores de una semana de vida nacidos en el Hospital Vicente Corral de Cuenca-Ecuador en el periodo 2016-2017, se obtuvo una muestra de 160 casos y 320 controles. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial, para establecer la asociación estadística se utilizó OR, IC 95% y significancia estadística con p-valor <0,05. Resultados: en el grupo de casos se encontró 75,0% prematuros tardíos y en el grupo control 62,5% nacidos a término completos. La prematuridad se asoció con: gemelaridad OR=7,36; IC 95%=2,61-20,74; p=0,000. Antecedente de hermano nacido pretérmino OR=2,96; IC 95%=1,61-5,44; p=0,000. Peso de nacimiento menor al percentil 10 OR=1,66; IC 95%=1,01-2,75; p=0,048. Los factores que no se asociaron con prematuridad fueron: sexo χ2=0,100; p-valor=0,752. Malformaciones congénitas mayores OR=2,02; IC 95%=0,40-10,12; p=0,405. Conclusiones: en el presente estudio predominaron en el grupo de casos los pretérmino tardíos y en el grupo control los nacidos a término completos. Los factores fetales verdaderamente asociados a prematuridad fueron: gemelaridad, el antecedente de hermano nacido pretérmino y peso de nacimiento menor al percentil 10; el sexo del neonato y las malformaciones congénitas mayores no se asociaron a la prematuridad..(AU)

Objective: to identify fetal factors associated with prematurity in the Vicente Corral Hospital of Cuenca-Ecuador in the 2016-2017 period. Materials and methods: a case-control study was designed, with double contrasts, using two controls of equal postnatal age and sex per each case. From a homogeneous population of infants less than one week of age born at the Vicente Corral Hospital in Cuenca-Ecuador in the period 2016-2017, a sample of 160 cases and 320 controls was obtained. A descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed, to establish the statistical association, OR, 95% CI and statistical significance with p-value <0,05 were used. Results: in the case group, they were 75,0% late premature and in the control group, they were 62,5% born full term. The prematurity was associated with: twinning OR=7,36; 95% CI=2,61-20,74; p=0,000. History of premature bother OR=2,96; 95% CI=1,61-5,44; p=0,000.Birth weight lower than the 10th percentile OR=1,66; 95% CI=1,01-2,75; p=0,048. The factors that were not associated with prematurity were: sex χ²=0,100; p-value=0,752. Major congenital malformations OR=2,02; 95% CI=0,40-10,12; p=0,405. Conclusions: In the present study, late preterm predominated in the case group and full term born in the control group. Fetal factors truly associated with prematurity were: twinness, the history of preterm born sibling and birth weight less than the 10th percentile; neonate sex and major congenital malformations were not associated with prematurity..(AU)