Uterine retroversion and gluteal transposition flap for postoperative perineal evisceration after extralevator abdominoperineal resection.

Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is the most common histological subtype of malignant tumor affecting the anal canal. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the first-line treatment in nearly all cases, ensuring complete clinical response in up to 80% of patients. Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is typically reserved as salvage therapy in those patients with persistent or recurrent tumor after CRT. In locally advanced tumors, an extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE), which entails excision of the anal canal and levator muscles, might be indicated to obtain negative resection margins. In this setting, the combination of highly irradiated tissue and large surgical defect increases the risk of developing postoperative perineal wound complications. One of the most dreadful complications is perineal evisceration (PE), which requires immediate surgical treatment to avoid irreversibile organ damage. Different techniques have been described to prevent perineal complications after ELAPE, although none of them have reached consensus. In this technical note, we present a case of PE after ELAPE performed for a recurrent ASCC. Perineal evisceration was approached by combining a uterine retroversion with a gluteal transposition flap to obtain wound healing and reinforcement of the pelvic floor at once, when a mesh placement is not recommended.

Spontaneous reduction of an incarcerated gravid uterus after myomectomy in the second trimester: A case report.

RATIONALE: During a normal pregnancy, in the 1st trimester uterus lies in pelvis and enlarges in size as the pregnancy advances. By 14 weeks of gestation, the gravid uterus transforms from a pelvis to an abdominal organ and a retroverted uterus will correct as the fundus rises out of the pelvis and falls forward to its normal anatomical position. If the uterus remains in the pelvic cavity after 14 weeks of gestation, it is referred to as an incarcerated uterus. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 31-year-old gravida 3 para 0 woman was admitted to our obstetrics unit at 20 weeks' gestation with the complaint of severe persistent upper abdominal pain for over 12 hours. DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTIONS: A diagnosis of fibroid degeneration was made through ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was hospitalized with conservative treatment. An abdominal myomectomy was performed at 22 weeks' gestation because her condition had deteriorated. Incarcerated uterus was not suspected even at the time of myomectomy. But within 24 hours after myomectomy, diagnosis of incarcerated gravid uterus was made by ultrasound. OUTCOMES: Incarcerated gravid uterus was found spontaneously reduced three weeks after myomectomy by ultrasound. A transverse Cesarean incision was performed at 32 weeks' gestation. A male infant weighing 2120 g was delivered with Apgar scores of 10 and 10 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Postoperative course was uneventful. LESSONS: Incarceration of the gravid uterus is relatively rare and it is difficult to diagnose. This patient's findings suggested the incarceration of gravid uterus can be a transient abnormal position. The results of this study indicates that the incarcerated uterus when associated with fibroid is spontaneously reduced after removal of the fibroid.

Transvaginal and transperineal ultrasound follow-up after laparoscopic correction of uterine retrodisplacement in women with posterior deep infiltrating endometriosis.

BACKGROUND: Retrodisplacement of the uterus (retroflexion and/or retroversion) may be associated with pelvic pain symptoms and posterior deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Previous studies in symptomatic women with retrodisplacement of the uterus showed the efficacy of hysteropexy in terms of pain symptoms improvement. AIM: To evaluate sonographic, clinical and surgical outcomes of a hysteropexy technique MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laparoscopic round ligament plication and tilting of the uterine fundus in women with uterine retrodisplacement and posterior deep infiltrating endometriosis was performed. Forty-two symptomatic women were enrolled and the sonographic data of each (angle of uterine version and uterine flexion, uterine mobility) was assessed before and after surgery with transvaginal and transperineal approaches. Women were also evaluated at 1, 6 and 12 months after surgery for pain symptoms with a numerical rating scale (dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain), intraoperative data and surgical complications. RESULTS: The additional mean operative time of hysteropexy procedure was 8 ± 3 min. At early follow-up both the uterine angles were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced. At 12-month follow-up, seven patients (16.7%) presented a retroverted uterus, while 12 (28.6%) presented a retroflexed uterus; the sliding sign remained negative in four patients (9.5%). A significant improvement of symptoms (P < 0.001) was observed during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic hysteropexy appears as an effective additional surgical procedure, which can temporarily correct the uterine position in order to reduce the risk of postoperative adhesions.

Asymptomatic uterine incarceration at term: Successful management of a rare complication in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: Incarcerated gravid uterus is a rare complication of pregnancy and can become a critical condition during delivery. For extremely uncommon cases that persist to the third trimester, correct diagnosis before delivery and appropriate management of the associated complications are important. CASE REPORT: This was the first case of a full-term pregnancy with incarcerated gravid uterus, reported at a medical center. The condition was not diagnosed during pregnancy, which led to serious complications during the cesarean delivery; however, the prognosis was favorable because of the timely management. CONCLUSION: Based on the previous case reports and clinical presentation of this case, early diagnosis with ultrasound and pelvic examination is the key to successful treatment. Vertical and more cephalad uterine incision reduces the risk of bladder perforation and injury to the cervix and vagina. A successful teamwork of obstetricians, gynecologists, urologists, and anesthesiologists can ensure favorable outcomes for both mother and fetus.

Isthmocele in a retroflexed uterus: a report of an unrecognized case.

The term "isthmocele" refers to a niche on the anterior wall of the uterine isthmus or of the cervical canal at the site of a previous cesarean delivery scar. Such anatomic defect can cause many gynecologic sequelae that only recently have being identified and described. Hysteroscopy is commonly considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and also for the treatment, at least in the case of defects of small size. The authors described the case of a 37-year-old woman who underwent a cesarean section (CS) seven years before, with a long lasting history of menstrual irregularities, and pelvic pain increasing during menstruation at the hypogastric level. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an exceptionally large isthmocele on the anterior wall of a retroflexed uterus which was otherwise misinterpreted as the uterine cavity filled with menstrual blood during a previous hysteroscopy (HSC). Although exceptional, this case highlights the possibility that a large sized isthmocele in a retroflexed uterus could be misinterpreted as the uterine cavity filled by menstrual blood at HSC. In this case MRI definitely clarified the diagnosis.

Manejo conservador de incarceración uterina en 2 gestantes de segundo trimestre / Conservative management of uterine incarceration in the second trimester. Two case report

Presentamos 2 casos de gestantes en el segundo trimestre de embarazo que acudieron a nuestro centro por dolor e incapacidad para orinar, siendo diagnosticadas gracias a la exploración clínica y a la ecografía de incarceración uterina. Ambas fueron manejadas de forma conservadora, una mediante reducción manual con sedación y la otra mediante sondaje vesical y analgesia, lo que facilitó la resolución espontánea del caso. La incarceración uterina es una patología que tiene lugar con mayor frecuencia en el segundo trimestre de la gestación. Ocurre en mujeres gestantes, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, con un útero en retroversión. El aumento del tamaño del útero debido a la gestación produce un atrapamiento uterino entre el promontorio del sacro y la sínfisis del pubis. La clínica habitual es dolor e incapacidad para orinar. El diagnóstico debe estar basado en la exploración clínica y en la ecografía. El tratamiento habitual se basa en la reducción manual en quirófano que suele tener éxito en la mayoría de las ocasiones (AU)

We report the cases of 2 women in the second trimester of pregnancy who attended our center with pain and difficulty voiding. Based on physical and ultrasound examination, both women were diagnosed with uterine incarceration. Management was conservative in both patients, through manual reduction under sedation in one and by bladder catheterization and analgesia in the other, facilitating spontaneous resolution of the uterine incarceration. Uterine incarceration is a rare entity that occurs most frequently in the second trimester. It affects pregnant women, usually with retroverted uterus. The enlarged uterus due to pregnancy induces uterine entrapment in the pelvis between the sacral promontory and pubic symphysis. The most common symptoms are pain and progressive difficulty in voiding. The diagnosis of incarcerated uterus is based on physical and ultrasound examination. The usual treatment is based on manual reduction, which is usually successful (AU)

The incarcerated gravid uterus: complications and lessons learned.

BACKGROUND: Incarcerated uterus is a rare but serious complication. CASES: Two women presented with second trimester urinary retention. Neither received a pelvic examination at presentation, which led to a delay in diagnosing the incarcerated uterus. Patient 1 had development of acute renal failure, hypertension, and edema. After uterine reduction there was rapid normalization of renal function, hypertension, and edema, but spontaneous rupture of membranes and intrauterine death occurred 12 hours later. Patient 2 had reduction under anesthetic and subsequently underwent cesarean delivery at term. However, at 7 months postpartum, the patient continued to have high postvoid residual volumes. CONCLUSION: Women presenting with urinary retention in the second trimester should have a pelvic examination performed to exclude uterine incarceration. Earlier recognition and appropriate treatment may have altered the outcome for the two patients presented.

Retención de orina en el embarazo y el postparto / Retention of urine in pregnancy and postpartum

La retención aguda de orina (RAO) durante el embarazo es un hecho poco frecuente que se observa en la práctica clínica habitual, por ello se comentan cinco casos documentados en nuestra Institución, revisando las características clínicas y actitud terapéutica empleada en cada uno de ellos, con la finalidad de establecer un protocolo de actuación frente a esta patología. Casos clínicos: Se describen cinco gestantes que presentaron retención aguda de orina en el periodo 2006-2012, cuya edad se encontraba entre los 27-38 años. En cuatro de ellos se presentó la retención de orina entre la décima tercera y décima quinta semana de gestación y en un caso la retención de orina se presentó en el puerperio. Discusión: La retención de orina en el embarazo y el puerperio se encuentra asociada a los cambios fisiopatológicos que se dan durante el mismo, siendo el útero en retroversión el factor mecánico más importante para el desarrollo de esta patología durante la gestación, mientras que en el puerperio, además de los cambios, el parto distócico parece ser el factor más importante para el desarrollo de la retención de orina. El manejo general consiste en la aplicación de maniobras descompresivas y cambios de hábito que permitan el vaciado adecuado vesical. En caso de fallar, el drenaje de orina mediante sondaje vesical intermitente o a permanencia son opciones factibles que pueden ser aplicadas conjuntamente con estudios y seguimiento urológico y ginecológico (AU)

Acute urinary retention of urine during pregnancy is a rare occurrence observed in clinical practice, discusses why five cases documented in our institution, reviewing the clinical and therapeutic approach used in each, in order to establish a protocol against this disease. Case reports: We describe five pregnant women who had acute retention of urine in the period 2006-2012, whose age was between 27-38 years old. In four of these patients developed urinary retention between the thirteenth and fifteenth week of gestation and in one case of urinary retention occurred in the postpartum period. Discussion: The retention of urine in pregnancy and the postpartum period is associated with pathophysiological changes that occur during the same, being retroverted uterus the most important mechanical factor for developing this disease during pregnancy, while the puerperium pathophysiological changes besides the dystocia seems to be the most important factor for the development of urine retention. The general operation involves the application of maneuvers allowing adequate bladder emptying. In case of failure, the urine drainage by intermittent catheterization or permanence is feasible options that can be applied in conjunction with a study and urological and gynecological follow (AU)

[Acute urinary retention and retroverted uterus during pregnancy]. / Rétention aiguë d'urine et grossesse.

Acute urinary retention at first trimester of pregnancy are uncommon, but have to alert the physician on the possibility of an incarcerated retroverted uterus. Through the management of iterative acute urinary retention before 18weeks of gestation with an incarcerated uterus and a review of the literature, we are going to see the various aetiologies, particularly gravid incarcerated uterus. Acute urinary retention during pregnancy is an emergency. Vaginal operations to open up the uterus should be tried at premature terms, successfully in most of cases.

Útero incarcerado recidivante / Recurrent retroverted gravid uterus

Se describe el caso de una mujer en su primer embarazo, con retención aguda urinaria en asociación con útero grávido en retroversión. En su segundo embarazo, el proceso de incarceración de un útero grávido sucedió de nuevo. Ha sido tratada, en ambos casos con éxito, con la reposición manual del útero grávido. En el tercer embarazo, en la décima semana, se coloca un pesario en la vagina, evitando la incarceración del útero. Se discuten varios aspectos de la frecuencia, la etiología, el tratamiento y la posibilidad de recidiva del útero incarcerado en retroversión (AU)

We describe the case of a woman in her first pregnancy with acute urinary retention associated with a retroverted gravid uterus. In her second pregnancy, the process of incarceration of a gravid uterus recurred. On both occasions, the patient was successfully treated by manual repositioning of the gravid uterus. In the tenth week of the patient's third pregnancy, a pessary was placed in the vagina, which prevented uterine incarceration. Several aspects of the frequency, etiology, treatment and possibility of recurrent incarcerated retroverted uterus are discussed (AU)

Incarceración pélvica de mioma subseroso gigante durante la gestación. Hallazgo casual objetivado en cesárea segmentaria transversa / Pelvic incarceration of subserose myoma during pregnancy. Incidental finding in cesarian section

El tumor uterino que aparece con mayor prevalencia asociado al embarazo es el leiomioma benigno. Aparece en alrededor del 2% de las mujeres embarazadas y bajo la estimulación hormonal propia del embarazo puede afectar al desarrollo fetal y al parto1. Las complicaciones pueden ser más pronunciadas en el último trimestre del embarazo, pudiendo dar lugar a producir malposiciones fetales, distocias obstructivas, hemorragias, partos prematuros,... etc. La incarceración de un mioma gigante durante la gestación es un hallazgo extremadamente infrecuente 2. Presentamos el caso de una primigesta de 29 más seis semanas de gestación que acude a nuestro centro por episodios intermitentes de metrorragia durante el tercer trimestre. Se realizó una cesárea electiva debido a un episodio importante de sangrado vaginal asociado a amenaza de parto prematuro y presentación podálica. Durante la cirugía se objetiva la existencia de mioma pediculado de gran tamaño en cara postero-lateral izquierda que se encuentra incarcerado en la pelvis (AU)

The uterine tumor that appears most prevalent associated with pregnancy is benign leiomyoma. Appears in more than 1% of pregnant women under hormonal stimulation of pregnancy, and can affect fetal development and childbirth. Complications are more pronounced in the last trimester of pregnancy, they may result in fetal malposition, obstructive dystocia, bleeding, premature labor, and so on. Below, the case of a primipara of 29 and six weeks of gestation who presented episodes of metrorrhagia ongoing third trimester and preterm labor. An elective cesarean was made due to the maintenance of uterine dynamics, metrorrhagia and breech presentation; objectifying a pedunculated myoma in left posterolateral side which is incarcerated in pelvis, displacing the vagina above the symphysis of pubis. It could be confused with uterine segment (AU)

Significance of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative diagnosis of incarcerated retroverted gravid uterus with a large anterior leiomyoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Incarceration of the gravid uterus is a rare but serious complication of pregnancy. The often required cesarean section is technically complicated, and preoperative planning is critical. An important initial surgical step is to lift the fundus out of the pelvis prior to creating the hysterotomy in order to facilitate adequate visualization of the pelvic anatomy. CASE: A 38-year-old primigravida with uterine incarceration from a large anterior leiomyoma underwent cesarean delivery at 29 weeks' gestation. In this case, a failure of the fundal height to increase was not appreciated as the anterior leiomyoma was palpated to represent the fundus. Intraoperatively the uterus was unable to be repositioned because of the leiomyoma. However, the surgery did proceed smoothly primarily due to the highly detailed images obtained on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSION: Although uterine incarceration is rare, knowledge of this condition is important. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool in that it enables the detailed evaluation of the pelvic anatomy in cases with suspected uterine incarceration.