Pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa em rim em ferradura: relato de um caso / Xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a horseshoe kidney: a case report

Os autores descrevem um caso de pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa em rim em ferradura numa paciente de 8 anos de idade. Na revisäo da literatura recente os casos dessa doença predominam em adultos, na quarta e quinta décadas, sendo ressaltada a baixa incidência em crianças, bem como a inexistência de relatos da associaçäo de rim em ferradura com pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa. Foi enfatizada a utilizaçäo de diversos métodos de diagnóstico por imagem e a associaçäo com a história clínica e exames laboratoriais para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico definitivo, que em alguns casos só pode ser definido após o tratamento cirúrgico e o exame histopatológico

Distribución biológica de un extracto neuroactivo obtenido de la anémona Bunodosoma granulífera / Biological distribution of neuroactive extract obtained bunodosoma granulifera anemone

Se estudió la distribución biológica del extracto ácido acético-acetónico de Bunodosoma granulífera. Se analizó la afectación de la biodistribución de los polipéptidos radioiodados en función de la pureza radioquímica, la dosis y el tiempo, previa inyección i.p. en ratones. La detección de radioactividad en el cerebro, a partir de los 5 min de inyectado el animal, permite suponer la posible acción del veneno en el sistema nervioso central.

Distribución biológica de un extracto neuroactivo obtenido de la anémona Bunodosoma granulífera / Biological distribution of neuroactive extract obtained bunodosoma granulifera anemone

Se estudió la distribución biológica del extracto ácido acético-acetónico de Bunodosoma granulífera. Se analizó la afectación de la biodistribución de los polipéptidos radioiodados en función de la pureza radioquímica, la dosis y el tiempo, previa inyección i.p. en ratones. La detección de radioactividad en el cerebro, a partir de los 5 min de inyectado el animal, permite suponer la posible acción del veneno en el sistema nervioso central. (AU)

Efecto del ejercicio físico agudo sobre la distribución y el metabolismo de la vitamina A / Effect of acute physical exercise on the distribution and metabolism of vitamin A

Se evaluó el efecto del ejercio físico agudo sobre la distribución y el metabolismo de la vitamina A en un modelo experimental animal. Se estudiaron las concentraciones plasmáticas, hepaticas, renales, testiculares y de glándulas suprarrenales de la vitamina A y de sus principales formas moleculares: retinol y ésteres de retinol, en animales sometidos a ejercicio físico durante 2 h sin previo entrenamiento. Se observó una disminución en la concentración hepática y testicular de la vitamina A y un incremento de ésta en los riñones de los animales ejercitados. Se demostró, además, el incremento del catabolismo hepático del retinol bajo las condiones experimentales

Changes in cytoskeleton-associated molecules in cells with different degrees of proliferation and metastatic ability.

An antiserum prepared against the Triton-insoluble cytoskeleton of in vivo grown B16 melanoma tumor has been used to analyze the differential expression of cytoskeleton-associated molecules in cells with different degrees of proliferation and metastatic ability. This antiserum identified a major 97 kd molecule associated with the cytoskeletal fraction in B16 melanoma tumors, mouse embryo and in proliferating lymphocytes, with no reactivity with the 97 kd species in non proliferating lymphocytes. The antiserum revealed immune reactivity with a 180 kd Triton-insoluble species in normal adult mouse liver and kidney. A comparison of tumor cells with differing metastatic ability also showed a minor 180 kd component in poorly metastatic cells which appeared decreased and partly degraded in its more invasive counterpart. The differential recognition of a 97 kd species in resting and proliferating lymphocytes, as well as the different cleavage of a 180 kd species in tumor cells of differing metastatic ability, implies a role for these molecules in cell proliferation. The fact that these differences can be detected with an antiserum to tumor cell cytoskeleton suggests that this Triton-insoluble fraction may be a good source of molecules involved in growth control.

Glicolipoproteína de Leptospira interrogans sorogrupo icterohaemorrhagiae: distribuiçäo em fígado e rim de cobaias experimentalmente infectadas / Glycoproteins from Leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae: distribution in the liver and kidney of experimentally infected guinea pigs

Acredtita-se que as lesöes teciduais na leptospirose possam decorrer da açäo direta das leptospiras, de toxinas sintetizadas ou liberadas durante sua lise. O presente estudo visou a extraçäo química da glicolipoproteína (GLP) da aleptospira, a produçäo de anti-soro anti-GLP e a avaliaçäo de sua distribuiçäo em cortes de fígado e rim de cobaias inoculadas e sacrificadas em estudo sequencial diário até o 6§ dia de infecçäo, correspondente ao pico da doença. Procurou-se também correlacionar a expressäo tecidual da GLP com o grau de lesöes locais, em busca de novos subsídios para a compreensäo da patogenia da leptospiros. A GLP foi detectada em fígado e rim de 2 dentre 6 cobaias no 5§ dia e em todas as 6 no 6§ dia de infecçäo, sob a forma de grânulos no citoplasma de macrófagos, livres no interstício ou acolados à membrana de células endoteliais e parenquimatosas, especialmente nas regiöes mais lesadas. A cronologia do aparecimento da GLP e sua distribuiçäo sugerem tratar-se de produto de lise de leptospiras fagocitadas por macrófagos e que esta substância, conquanto näo comprovada como iniciadora das lesöes, asocia-se a seu agravamento nas etapas mais avançadas da leptospirose

[Glycoproteins from Leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae: distribution in the liver and kidney of experimentally infected guinea pigs]. / Glicolipoproteína de Leptospira interrogans sorogrupo icterohaemorrhagiae: distribuição em fígado e rim de cobaias experimentalmente infectadas.

Tissue damage in leptospirosis has been ascribed to direct effect of the microorganisms and/or their virulence, including products synthetized by leptospires or released during their lysis. This study aimed at chemical extraction of the glycolipoprotein (GLP) from virulent leptospires, production of a rabbit anti-GLP and analysis of its distribution in liver and kidney of inoculated guinea-pigs, sacrificed sequentially from the 1st to 6th day of infection, covering the whole, spectrum of acute leptospirosis. The comparison of GLP expression to local injuries aimed at new pathogenetic data. GLP was detected in liver and kidney in 2 out of 6 guinea-pigs on the 5th day and in all 6 animals on the 6th day of infection. Granular forms were seen in the cytoplasm of macrophages, free in interstitium or adhered to endothelial and parenchymal cell membranes, especially in the most damaged sites. These findings lead us to the hypothesis of GLP as a toxic factor resulting from leptospiral lysis by macrophages. Although it was not proved as a promoter of initial lesions, it seems to be related to the enhancement of tissue damage late in the course of the disease.

Postmortem findings of the victims of the Jonestown tragedy.

The procedure for processing and identifying the victims of the Jonestown, Guyana tragedy is outlined. Autopsies were performed on seven of the victims, and the autopsy anatomic and toxicologic findings are presented. Problems encountered in the interpretation of the autopsy findings are noted.

Application of current chemical concepts to metal-hematein and -brazilein stains.

Current chemical concepts were applied to Weigert's, M. Heidenhain's and Verhoeff's iron hemateins, Mayer's acid hemalum stain and the corresponding brazilein compounds. Fe bonds tightly to oxygen in preference to nitrogen and is unlikely to react with lysyl and arginyl groups of proteins. Binding of unoxidized hematoxylin by various substrates has long been known to professional dyers and was ascribed to hydrogen bonding. Chemical data on the uptake of phenols support this theory. Molecular models indicate a nonplanar configuration of hematoxylin and brazilin. The traditional quinonoid formula of hematein and brazilein was revised. During chelate formation each of the two oxy- groups of the dye shares an electron pair with the metal and contributes a negative charge to the chelate. Consequently, the blue or black 2:1 (dye:metal) complexes are anionic. Olation of such chelates affects the staining properties of iron hematein solutions. The color changes upon oxidation of hematoxylin, reaction of hematein with metals, and during exposure of chelates to acids can be explained by molecular orbital theory. Without differentiation or acid in dye chelate solutions, staining patterns are a function of the metal. Reactions of acidified solutions are determined by the affinities of the dye ligands. Brazilein is much more acid-sensitive than hematein. This difference can be ascribed to the lack of a second free phenolic -OH group in brazilein, i.e. one hydrogen bond is insufficient to anchor the dye to tissues. Since hematein and brazilein are identical in all other respects, their differences in affinity cannot be explained by van der Waals, electrostatic, hydrophobic or other forces.

Estudo histoquímico dos pigmentos do rim de Hemidactylus mabuia (Reptilia) / Histochemical study of the kidney pigments of the Hemidactylus mabuia (Reptilia)

Em 1958 conseguimos identificar a presença de pigmentos no rim de parelheira (Philodryas schottii), uma cobra de nosso país. Retomando a mesma sistemática, constatamos a presença desses mesmos pigmentos no rim de outro réptil, a lagartixa doméstica, Hemidactylus mabuia. Caracterizamos, por métodos histoquímicos, a presença de grânulos de um cromolipóide nos túbulos contorcidos proximais desse rim, grânulos de tamanho uniforme, bem distribuídos mas células, e de outro pigmento, a melanina, esta sob a forma de grânulos grosseiros, amarelos ou castanhos, distribuídos irregularmente nas células dos referidos túbulos, mas, também, em aglomerados densos, escuros até negros, dentro dos macrófagos peritubulares

The efficacy of the immunoperoxidase technique for the detection of several antigens after destaining of stored stained sections.

1. Sections previously stained with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff were destained and subjected to the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique for the identification of the following antigens: hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core antigen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-fetoprotein, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M. 2. The results obtained after destaining of previously stained sections were similar to those obtained with material that had not been stained, indicating that the sensitivity and specificity of the immunological reaction had not been affected by the previous treatments. 3. The results reported here extend the number of antigens that can be detected by the PAP technique after destaining of sections stained by traditional histochemical methods and consequently increase the opportunity for retrospective studies.

A method for the isolation of the amide nitrogen of glutamine from biological samples for mass spectrometry

The amide nitrogen from L-glutamine has been isolated from an artificial plasma, in a form suitable for mass spectrometry, by a macromodification of the glutaminase reaction. The prior removal of free ammonia was carried out by alkaline aeration. When this was performed at 0§C for 3 h, spontaneous hydrolysis of glutamine was 1.4 percent. Cross-contamination with nitrogen liberated from the amide group of asparagine can be avoided by preincubation with asparaginase for 2h and removal of the freed ammonia prior to reacting with glutaminase. Hydrolysis of glutamine during this step is 12 percent. Measurements of enrichment can be made on samples yielding more than 1 æmol of glutamine amide-derived ammonia.(AU)

Malnutrition, kidney size and composition.

Kidneys from 42 infants were analysed for protein, fat, water, DNA and RNA. No significant differences in composition could be found between groups of children with different degrees of weight deficit. However, in a larger series of 200, it was shown that increasing degrees of weight deficit were associated with a reduction in kidney size. In the older children with the greatest degree of weight deficit, the kidney formed a significantly higher percentage of the body weight. The general conclusion is that in the most severely malnourished children kidneys are smaller than normal.

Brain tissue levels in a fatal case of neonatal mepivacaine (Carbocaine) poisoning.

A fatal case of mepivacaine poisoning in a newborn infant is reported. Regional brain tissue concentrations of mepivacaine were determined by a sensitive and specific gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. The brain tissue levels in this patient were higher than those previously reported, possibly due to alkalosis occurring several hours prior to the infant's death.