[Uroperitoneum in a heifer]. / Uroperitoneum bei einem weiblichen Jungrind.

Uroperitoneum is a rarely documented finding in heifers. More frequently uroperitoneum is described in male youngstock suffering from obstructive urolithiasis, or abscesses of the urachus. This report describes a case of uroperitoneum most likely as a result of a traumatic rupture of the urinary bladder in an 8.5 months old heifer. The animal was presented with a severely dilated abdomen and an undulating wave was evident upon palpation. The heifer exhibited physiologic urination. Additionally, left displacement of the abomasum was evident. In consequence to findings of the ultrasonographic examination and abdominocentesis, diagnostic laparotomy was performed. Urine was evacuated from the abdominal cavity in fractions and the damaged cranial pole of the urinary bladder was excised followed by the suture of the urinary bladder. The abomasum was replaced in its physiologic position and an omentopexy was performed. The heifer was discharged from hospital and was still in the herd 5 years after discharge.

Traumatic pericardial rupture with secondary cardiac herniation in a dog.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the unique finding and treatment of a dog with cardiac herniation due to traumatic pericardial rupture. CASE SUMMARY: A 6.5-year-old entire male Yorkshire Terrier was presented for further management after being hit by a car. Despite suspected significant intrathoracic trauma at that time, the patient regained hemodynamic stability and had orthopedic surgery to correct a right iliac fracture. The patient was readmitted to the hospital 12 days following the initial visit due to considerable respiratory difficulty after accidentally being dropped several feet. Thoracic radiographs revealed an unusual severe mediastinal shift to the left with an atypical position of the cardiac silhouette against the left lateral thoracic wall. Due to the severe respiratory compromise of the patient and newly developed pneumothorax, an exploratory thoracotomy was recommended, where a complete rupture of the pericardium was identified, with secondary left-sided prolapse of the heart. Other more common intrathoracic injuries (ie, lung perforation, rib fractures) were also identified and partially repaired. The patient recovered successfully and was discharged 4 days postoperatively. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED: This is the first case report in the veterinary literature of traumatic pericardial rupture and cardiac herniation. According to human case descriptions, this is a rare and often fatal occurrence, which can be significantly challenging to diagnose preoperatively or antemortem. Emergency veterinary clinicians should be aware of this rare but important complication of blunt thoracic trauma. Surgical intervention may be necessary in cases with suspected or confirmed entrapment of great vessels or cardiac chambers, although these abnormalities were not present in this case.

Effect of tibial plateau angle < 5° on ground reaction forces in dogs treated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for cranial cruciate ligament rupture up to 6 months postoperatively.

Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) has been commonly performed in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) since the introduction by Slocum and Slocum (1993). To reduce cranial tibial thrust the TPLO technique aims for a postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) of 5-6.5°. In recent years studies have shown that a postoperative TPA below 5° could be beneficial regarding stifle stability or meniscal load. Dogs with CCLD that were treated with TPLO, were examined preoperatively, six weeks, three and six months postoperatively with gait analysis and grouped according to their postoperative TPA. The aims of study was (1) to evaluate if dogs with a postoperative TPA below 5° would have a faster limb function recovery up to six months postoperatively as measured objectively with ground reaction forces (GRFs) and (2) to determine whether the postoperative TPA correlates with the outcome measurements. Dogs with TPA <5° showed no faster limb function recovery postoperatively up to six months as measured with peak vertical force (PVF) or vertical impulse (VI) (p > 0.05). No correlation for the postoperative TPA <5° on GRFs was demonstrated. But the postoperative TPA showed a significant correlation with the symmetry indices of PVF (SIPVF) and VI (SIVI) for all dogs (>5° and <5° TPA together), indicating that with lower postoperative TPA dogs had a more symmetrical gait in hindlimbs SIPVF (r = 0.144, p < 0.05) and SIVI (r = 0.189, p < 0.01). The study indicates that a lower postoperative TPA could be beneficial regarding hindlimb symmetry indices of GRFs.

Comparative digital study using four methods of measurements of the tibial distal anatomical axes for determining the anatomical-mechanical angle in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the amplitude of the anatomical-mechanical angle (AMA-angle) using 4 measuring methods of the tibial distal anatomical axes (DAA) previously described, comparing the literature results to determine if there are significant differences in patients with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture. ANIMALS: This study was comprised of 30 tibiae (29 dogs), including 1 bilateral case. METHODS: A retrospective study was selected for this research. DAA measurements were performed on all surgically confirmed cases of canine CrCL rupture at Hospital Veterinário de Especialidades Bruselas from 2019 to 2022. Four different published methods (identified by surname of the corresponding author of the original publication) were compared. Tibial measurements were made using Veterinary Preoperative Orthopedic Planning Pro software (https://vpop-pro.com/) on mediolateral radiographic projections obtained from a digital database. RESULTS: The mean (range) in the DAA method conducted by Hulse obtained a AMA-angle of 5.4° (3.3 to 8.1°), 3.0° (0 to 5.8°) for Osmond et al, 3.2° (0.9 to 6°) for Miles, and 5.9° (2.4 to 8.8°) for Tudury. Differences among the means of the AMA-angle of the authors methods were found with a statistical difference (P < .05), except between Osmond and Miles. The mean AMA-angle with the Osmond method concurred with previous study results that determined the magnitude using the same measurement method of DAA in patients with CrCL rupture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The AMA-angle magnitude has been associated with higher sensitivity and specificity for predicting the development of CrCL rupture compared to other anatomical factors evaluated; therefore, future comparisons with different methods of measurement of the DAA between healthy and affected patients are recommended to determine whether any of them can increase the percentage value as a predictive factor for the occurrence of this condition.

Target Trial Emulation: Does surgical versus non-surgical management of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs cause different outcomes?

Target trial emulation applies design principles from randomised controlled trials to the analysis of observational data for causal inference and is increasingly used within human epidemiology. Using anonymised veterinary clinical data from the VetCompass Programme, this study applied the target trial emulation framework to determine whether surgical (compared to non-surgical) management for cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs causes improved short- and long-term lameness and analgesia outcomes. The emulated target trial included dogs diagnosed with CCL rupture between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019 within the VetCompass database. Inclusion in the emulated trial required dogs aged ≥ 1.5 and < 12 years, first diagnosed with unilateral CCL rupture during 2019 and with no prior history of contralateral ligament rupture or stifle surgery. Dogs were retrospectively observed to have surgical or non-surgical management. Informed from a directed acyclic graph derived from expert opinion, data on the following variables were collected: age, breed, bodyweight, neuter status, insurance status, non-orthopaedic comorbidities, orthopaedic comorbidities and veterinary group. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for confounding, with weights calculated based on a binary logistic regression exposure model. Censored dogs were accounted for in the IPTW analysis using inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW). The IPCWs were combined with IPTWs and used to weight each dog's contribution to binary logistic regression outcome models. Standardized mean differences (SMD) examined the balance of covariate distribution between treatment groups. The emulated trial included 615 surgical CCL rupture cases and 200 non-surgical cases. The risk difference for short-term lameness in surgically managed cases (compared with non-surgically managed cases) was -25.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) -36.7% to -15.9%) and the risk difference for long-term lameness -31.7% (95% CI -37.9% to -18.1%). The study demonstrated the application of the target trial framework to veterinary observational data. The findings show that surgical management causes a reduction in short- and long-term lameness compared with non-surgical management in dogs.

Effect of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma or hyaluronic acid on limb function recovery in dogs with TPLO for cranial cruciate ligament rupture: a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the recovery of limb function following a single intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma or hyaluronic acid in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture treated with tibial plateau levelling osteotomy compared to dogs receiving no injection intraoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-two dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture, body weights of 20 to 40 kg, and no other orthopaedic conditions were enrolled in this prospective, randomised, double-blind, controlled study at the small animal clinic at LMU Munich. All dogs underwent tibial plateau levelling osteotomy. Based on random allocation, they received either a single intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma, hyaluronic acid or no injection intraoperatively. Gait analysis, clinical examinations, radiography of the stifle joint for osteoarthritis progression and two validated owner questionnaires were compared among groups at three timepoints postoperatively (6 weeks, 3 and 6 months). Limb function was primarily assessed by measuring the ground reaction forces. RESULTS: At all times postoperatively, no differences were observed among groups regarding clinical examinations, osteoarthritis score values, ground reaction forces or owner questionnaires. All dogs showed significant improvement in limb function clinically, in all ground reaction forces and in the validated questionnaires. Osteoarthritis progressed minimally during rechecks in all dogs regardless of the additional injection or not. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: All dogs treated with tibial plateau levelling osteotomy for cranial cruciate ligament rupture showed improvements in limb function. No additive effect on faster recovery was demonstrated with the additional intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma or hyaluronic acid. Addition of platelet-rich plasma/hyaluronic acid injections during tibial plateau levelling osteotomy is unnecessary considering the lack of benefit observed up to 6 months postoperatively.

Short-term outcomes of cranial cruciate ligament rupture treated surgically with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or non-surgically in small-breed dogs weighing less than10 kg.

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is a common cause of stifle joint pain in dogs. This study assessed the short-term outcomes in the management of CCLR, with or without concurrent medial patellar luxation (MPL), in small-breed dogs, comparing surgical intervention using tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) with non-surgical approaches. Dogs weighing less than 10 kg and suffering from CCLR were divided into two groups: surgical and non-surgical (nine stifles per group). Both groups followed the same rehabilitation protocol. Measurements were taken on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84. These measurements included the mean difference in orthopedic assessment score (diffOAS) and thigh muscle circumference (TMC) assessed by veterinarians, as well as the Canine Brief Pain Inventory score (CBPI) evaluated by the owners. Six stifles had concurrent MPL in the surgical group and five in the non-surgical group. No significant differences were observed in diffOAS (P=0.685), TMC (P=0.557), CBPI pain severity score (P=0.062), and CBPI pain interference score (P=0.29) between the two groups. However, both groups showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in diffOAS and CBPI. The TMC remained relatively stable in the non-surgical group (P>0.05), but it significantly increased in the surgical group (P<0.05). Both groups demonstrated improved clinical outcomes in the short term, with no significant differences. However, cautious consideration should be given to a conservative treatment in small-breed dogs, particularly when considering the exclusive improvement observed in TMC within the TPLO group.

A modified triple tibial osteotomy for management of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease: retrospective assessment of 309 procedures (2017-2020).

CASE HISTORY: Medical records from a single referral hospital (Animal Referral Hospital, Sinnamon Park, Australia) of dogs treated with modified triple tibial osteotomy (TTO) for management of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease from June 2017 to June 2020 were reviewed. Modifications to the originally described TTO procedure included a modified wedge angle calculation and performing the tibial osteotomies without the use of pre-drilled guide holes. CLINICAL FINDINGS: A total of 253 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Two dogs were excluded, leaving 251 dogs that had undergone 309 procedures for assessment, and data from these, including complications, were reviewed. Complete, partial competent, and partial incompetent rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament was identified in 202/309 (65.4%), 79/309 (25.6%), and 28/309 (9.1%) stifles, respectively. Medial meniscal injury was identified in 207/309 (67.0%) stifles at the time of initial surgery. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Fifty-eight dogs had bilateral procedures, including both single-session and staged surgeries, and 48 of these were available for analyses. The modifications to the TTO procedure described herein resulted in a median wedge angle of 21° and a median post-operative tibial plateau angle of 5.8°. Tibial compression testing following surgery indicated elimination of cranial tibial thrust in all stifles in this series. The most common intra-operative complication was tibial tuberosity fracture (15/309; 4.9%). Minor post-operative complications occurred in 37/309 (12.0%) procedures, with infection being the most common (27/309; 8.7%). Major post-operative complications occurred in 9/309 (2.9%) procedures. The intra- and post-operative complication rates for dogs undergoing bilateral single-session TTO were both 8.3% (2/24). The intra- and post-operative complication rates for dogs undergoing bilateral staged TTO were both 4.2% (1/24). The low number of complications for both the bilateral single-session and bilateral staged TTO groups precluded statistical analysis. All complications resolved uneventfully as determined by the attending surgeon. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The modified TTO technique described here was safe and effective for the management of canine CrCL disease in the dogs included in the case series. Findings of this study suggest that, with careful case selection, the modified TTO may be performed as a bilateral single-session procedure in dogs with concurrent bilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease. Future studies analysing the effects of these modifications on stifle biomechanics would be beneficial. ABBREVIATIONS: CrCL: Cranial cruciate ligament; SSI: Surgical site infection; TPA: Tibial plateau angle; TPLO: Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy; TTA: Tibial tuberosity advancement; TTO: Triple tibial osteotomy.

Correlation of spontaneous radiographic cranial tibial translation with complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture and medial meniscal tears in dogs.

The primary objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of cranial tibial translation on a single unstressed, standing angle, mediolateral radiograph of the stifle and the accuracy of diagnosing complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs with this finding using a previously published method. The secondary objective was to determine if there was a higher incidence of meniscal injuries associated with spontaneous radiographic cranial tibial translation as previously proposed. Medical records were reviewed for client owned dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture that underwent surgical stabilization with intra-operative evaluation of the stifle joint via arthrotomy between June 2013 to January 2022 and had pre-operative radiographs performed within 60 days prior to surgery. Pre-operative radiographs were evaluated for cranial tibial translation via the previously published method. Three hundred twenty-three dogs met the inclusion criteria for the study. Intra-operative findings and radiographic assessments were evaluated for correlations. Cranial tibial translation on pre-operative standing angle radiographs detected cranial cruciate ligament tears in 24.8% of cases but had a positive predictive value of 97.5% for diagnosing complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture with a specificity of 95.4% and an overall accuracy of 36.8%. Meniscal tears were present in 58.75% of cases with radiographic cranial tibial translation and 41.25% of cases without. There was no significant increase in the incidence of meniscal tears between the two groups. The presence of radiographic cranial tibial translation in dogs on an unstressed, standing angle, mediolateral radiograph of the stifle is diagnostic for cranial cruciate ligament rupture, but cannot be used to determine the presence of a meniscal tear.

Reparo de ruptura crônica do ligamento patelar em um felino / Repair of chronic patelar ligament rupture in a cat

Relata-se o caso de uma felina, sem raça definida, de oito meses de idade e 3,6 kg, com queixa de impotência funcional completa do membro pélvico esquerdo após trauma. A paciente apresentava aumento de volume em região do joelho, dor à palpação e instabilidade patelar. O diagnóstico de ruptura do ligamento patelar foi realizado com base nos resultados do exame ortopédico, juntamente com exame radiográfico e ultrassonográfico do joelho. O método utilizado para reparo da lesão foi a sutura em oito com fio de tetrafluorcabono associado à sutura interrompida simples para aproximação das bordas do ligamento. Durante a reavaliação de trinta dias pós-operatório, a paciente já apresentava melhora significativa, com atividade funcional completa do membro e ausência de dor.

We report the case of an eight-month-old, 3.6 kg, crossbred feline, complaining of complete functional impotence of the left pelvic limb after trauma. The patient presented swelling in the knee region, pain on palpation and patellar instability. The diagnosis of patellar ligament rupture was based on the results of the orthopedic examination, together with radiographic and ultrasound examinations of the knee. The method used to repair the lesion was eight-point suture with tetrafluorocabono thread associated with simple interrupted suture for approximation of the ligament edges. During the thirty-day postoperative reassessment, the patient already presented significant improvement, with complete functional activity of the limb. and absence of pain.

Reparo de ruptura crônica do ligamento patelar em um felino / Repair of chronic patelar ligament rupture in a cat

Relata-se o caso de uma felina, sem raça definida, de oito meses de idade e 3,6 kg, com queixa de impotência funcional completa do membro pélvico esquerdo após trauma. A paciente apresentava aumento de volume em região do joelho, dor à palpação e instabilidade patelar. O diagnóstico de ruptura do ligamento patelar foi realizado com base nos resultados do exame ortopédico, juntamente com exame radiográfico e ultrassonográfico do joelho. O método utilizado para reparo da lesão foi a sutura em oito com fio de tetrafluorcabono associado à sutura interrompida simples para aproximação das bordas do ligamento. Durante a reavaliação de trinta dias pós-operatório, a paciente já apresentava melhora significativa, com atividade funcional completa do membro e ausência de dor.

We report the case of an eight-month-old, 3.6 kg, crossbred feline, complaining of complete functional impotence of the left pelvic limb after trauma. The patient presented swelling in the knee region, pain on palpation and patellar instability. The diagnosis of patellar ligament rupture was based on the results of the orthopedic examination, together with radiographic and ultrasound examinations of the knee. The method used to repair the lesion was eight-point suture with tetrafluorocabono thread associated with simple interrupted suture for approximation of the ligament edges. During the thirty-day postoperative reassessment, the patient already presented significant improvement, with complete functional activity of the limb. and absence of pain.

Prospective clinical assessment of tibial tuberosity advancement for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate clinically dogs that underwent tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) six months previously. Methods: Dogs of various breeds, gender, weight, and age that had CCL rupture and underwent TTA for treatment were included in this study. Parapatellar arthrotomy was performed in all patients to assess the joint for a ruptured ligament and meniscal injury before the TTA. The appropriate cage for the TTA was chosen with planning surgery. The surgical procedure was performed according to the literature, using a modified Maquet technique. Six months after surgery, lameness during walking; muscular atrophy; crepitation, cranial drawer and tibial compression tests and quality of life based on owner's evaluation were assessed. Results: Postoperative complications were observed in only one knee (4.76%), with a surgical site seroma. The mean lameness score at walking was 0.29 (± 0.64). The mean score regarding muscular atrophy was 0.95 (± 1.56). The mean score of the cranial drawer test, in a range from 0 to 5, was 1.52 (± 1.54). The owners rated the dog's quality of life as excellent in 44%, good in 30%, and moderate in 17%. Conclusion: This clinical study supports the affirmation that patients who undergo TTA for treatment of CCL rupture have an acceptable response.

Partial rupture of the thigh adductor muscle in a dog: case report / Ruptura parcial do músculo adutor da coxa em um cão: relato de caso

Muscle injuries are often reported in humans, but uncommon in dogs. The etiology is degenerative or traumatic, and traumatic is more common in athletes. The diagnosis is obtained by a combination of orthopedic physical examination and imaging diagnosis, such as ultrasonography. Therapy aims to optimize healing and avoid complications. The present study reports a case of partial rupture of thigh adductor muscle in a dog presenting acute lameness of the right pelvic limb. Swelling and pain in the medial region of the thigh was noticed. Ultrasound examination confirmed partial rupture of the thigh adductor muscle. The treatment included non-steroid anti-inflammatory, warm compresses, and rest. Ultrasound examinations were useful in this case to evaluate the progression of the lesion, which was rapid and satisfactory.(AU)

Lesões musculares são frequentemente relatadas em humanos, mas pouco diagnosticadas em cães. Podem ocorrer de forma degenerativa ou traumática, sendo essa última a forma mais comum em atletas. O diagnóstico é obtido por exame físico ortopédico associado a exames de imagem, como ultrassonografia. A terapia deve ser instituída de modo a facilitar a cicatrização e evitar as complicações. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de ruptura parcial de músculo adutor da coxa em um cão que apresentou claudicação aguda em membro pélvico direito, associado à tumefação e dor em região medial da coxa. O exame ultrassonográfico evidenciou ruptura parcial do músculo adutor da coxa. O paciente recebeu terapia anti-inflamatória, e foi indicado uso de compressas quentes e repouso. Foram realizados exames ultrassonográficos para acompanhamento da evolução do quadro, que foi rápida e favorável.(AU)

Feasibility of utilizing the patellar ligament angle for assessing cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs

The patellar ligament angle (PLA) was assessed in 105 normal stifle joints of 79 dogs and 33 stifle joints of 26 dogs with a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL). The PLA of stifles with complete CrCL rupture was significantly lower than that of normal stifles, particularly at a flexion angle of 60~80degrees in both plain and stress views. If the PLA was <90.55degrees on the stress view with a 60~80degrees flexion angle, the dog was diagnosed with a complete rupture of the CrCL with a sensitivity of 83.9% and specificity of 100%. In conclusion, measuring the PLA is a quantitative method for diagnosing complete CrCL rupture in canines.

Evaluación de la calidad lagrimal en el perro sin pelo del Perú mediante la técnica de tiempo de ruptura de la película lagrimal precorneal / Evaluation of tear quality of peruvian hairless dog through the use of the tear film break-up time

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar la calidad lagrimal en el perro sin pelo del Perú mediante el uso de la prueba de tiempo de Ruptura de la película lagrimal precorneal (TRPLP). Material y métodos: El estudio se realizó en la ciudad de Lima entre los meses de Julio a Diciembre del año 2008. Se evaluaron 125 canes de diferentes edades, tamaños y de ambos sexos. Resultados: En los resultados de la prueba de TRPLP se observó un alto porcentaje de perros con mala calidad lagrimal: 94,4% (118/125) en el ojo derecho y el 92% (115/125) en el ojo izquierdo. No se encontró asociación entre el sexo, estrato etáreo y lado del ojo evaluado para la prueba de (TRPLP). Conclusión: Se concluye que existe un porcentaje elevado de perros sin pelo del Perú con una mala Calidad lagrimal...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tear quality of Peruvian hairless dog through the use of the tear film break up time (TFBUT). Material and methods: The study took place in Lima Between July 2008 and December 2008. Results: A total of 125 animals of different of poor quality: 94.4% (118/125) in the rigth eye and 92%(115/125) in the left eye and without significant difference due to sex, age and eye side evaluated. Conclusion: It is concluded that a high percentage of peruvian hairless dog a poor tear film quality...

Ruptura de bexiga em um cão: relato de caso / Bladder rupture in a dog: case report

A ruptura de bexiga é uma das anomalias do trato urinário mais recorrente nos cães e nos gatos, e pode ser causada por diferentes fatores, como trauma, necrose ou alguma complicação durante uma cirurgia vesical. Como conseqüência, ocorre o uroperitônio que, em longo prazo, leva à uremia, desidratação, hipovolemia, hipercalemia e morte (FOSSUM, 2008). O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico-cirúrgico de uma ruptura de bexiga em um cão da raça Fila Alemão.

Biceps femoris muscle transposition for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in small breed dogs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new extracapsular surgical technique for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in small breed dogs. Nine small breed dogs (seven females and two males) weighing < or = 15 kg were treated with biceps femoris muscle transposition (BFT). The duration of the BFT procedure was 20 min. Each patient underwent a standard clinical protocol and a questionnaire for the owners. Follow-up (at 1, 3, and 12 months postoperative) confirmed significant improvement in all patients, especially at 1 month postoperatively (p < 0.01) and again after complete stifle joint assessment at 3 months postoperatively. After 12 months, only two patients showed a slight increase in osteoarthritis. According to our results, BFT is a simple extracapsular surgical technique that can be used for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in small breed dogs.

Análise biomecânica do joelho íntegro e com ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial quanto ao grau de deslocamento cranial e rigidez articular em cães / Biomechanical analisys of the normal knee and with cranial cruciate ligament rupture to the cranial translation degree and articular stiffness in dogs

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função biomecânica da articulação do joelho de cães, comparando a medida de deslocamento cranial e a rigidez articular da tíbia em relação ao fêmur em articulações íntegras e com ruptura de ligamento cruzado cranial. MÉTODOS: Para realização do experimento foram utilizados 10 animas da espécie canina, com peso acima de 20 quilos. Avaliou-se biomecanicamente o grau de deslocamento da articulação do joelho com o ligamento cruzado cranial íntegro e seccionado cirurgicamente. Utilizou-se a máquina Kratos 5002, que permite gravar em tempo real os parâmetros força (N) e deslocamento/deformação em mm. O ensaio consitiu em aplicar uma força de (N) registrando assim a gaveta cranial. RESULTADOS: Para o joelho íntegro, a média de deslocamento em milímetros encontrada para três repetições subseqüentes e estatisticamente diferentes entre si foram de 3,39 ; 3,47; 3,53. Para o joelho lesado foram de 12,96; 13,24; 13,34. A análise estatística revelou diferença significante entre os dados do grupo íntegro e lesado, tanto para deslocamento quanto para rigidez (p<0,05) CONCLUSAO: Este estudo permite-nos concluir que a translação cranial é acrescida em quatro vezes e a rigidez articular é diminuída em uma vez e meia quando comparados.