Characteristics and accurate identification of Pantoea dispersa with a case of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma in China: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Pantoea dispersa belongs to the genus Pantoea, which is isolated from Enterobacteriaceae. It has been reported to cause some kinds of infections, but there are few detailed studies on it, especially its characteristics and identification methods, which has caused a lot of trouble in clinical work. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 51-year-old Chinese man was admitted to our hospital with a 7-hour history of progressive abdominal pain. He was previously diagnosed with liver cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis B infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. An emergency hepatic artery embolization for hemostasis was performed under local anesthesia. Forty-eight hours later, the patient presented sudden onset of high fever up to 39.0 °C and chill. DIAGNOSIS: Morphological and phenotypic profiles were performed for preliminary identification for P dispersa. The biochemical features were obtained by VITEK 2 Test Kit. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing were performed to accurately identify P dispersa. INTERVENTION: Antibiotic therapy of intravenous ceftazidime was started empirically. The antibiotic treatment was switched to intravenous cefepime at the same time because of suspected ceftazidime treatment failure and microbiological sensitivity. OUTCOMES: The patient remained afebrile, and the second blood culture results were negative. Chest X-ray was normal as well. In order to control the progression of the hepatic lesion, transarterial chemoembolization was performed under local anesthesia. After completion of 14 days of antibiotic treatment, the patient was discharged with no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSION: P dispersa, a gram-negative bacterium rod, were facultative anaerobic, which displayed yellow pigmentation, round, raised, smooth on culture plates. Conventional analysis was difficult to complete its identification. With biochemical tests, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, P dispersa can be accurately identified. It will help physicians understand the related clinical manifestations and make timely and effective treatment for patients.

Spontaneous Pneumothorax After Rupture of the Cavity as the Initial Presentation of Tuberculosis in the Emergency Department.

BACKGROUND Spontaneous pneumothorax can be secondary to a wide variety of lung diseases. Spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis occurs in rare cases of residual fibrosis with retractions and bullae. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 65-year-old male patient from a rural area in the province of Los Ríos in Babahoyo, Ecuador, with no history of contact with tuberculosis. The patient arrived at the Emergency Department of the Regional Hospital of the Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS), Babahoyo, due to acute respiratory failure, preceded by 10 days of evolution due to cough accompanied by greenish expectoration, chest pain, asthenia, and weight loss. On chest radiography, a left pneumothorax and interstitial pulmonary infiltrate were reported. A chest tube was placed, and the patient was intubated and was placed on invasive mechanical ventilation due to severe respiratory failure. Use of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF System detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis without resistance to rifampicin. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining for the identification of bacillus acid-resistant alcohol was positive in alveolar bronchial lavage. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and phenotypic analysis showed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia with carbapenemases resistance mechanism, and the KPC type enzyme was identified. The culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive from the fourth week. CONCLUSIONS Secondary pneumothorax due to rupture of the polymicrobial cavity and especially of tuberculous origin is a very special form of acute respiratory failure in patients with previous structural pulmonary lesions in the Emergency Department.

Fifty-one cases of fungal arteritis after kidney transplantation: A case report and review of the literature.

Fungal arteritis affecting graft arteries is a rare but life-threatening complication in kidney transplantation (KT). Here, we report the case of a patient with Aspergillus arteritis who experienced renal artery rupture 8 days after KT. We also reviewed 50 other reported cases of fungal arteritis after KT. We found that fungal contamination can occur during kidney graft harvest, preservation, and/or transplantation. Typically, early diagnosis, timely antifungal treatment, and emergency surgery seem crucial for avoiding life-threatening vascular complications.

Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis with systemic embolisation following maxillary sinusitis.

The authors present a case of a man with Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis complicated with embolisation to the central nervous system. The patient had no evidence of endocarditis by transoesophageal and transthoracic echocardiograms at baseline, but shortly after developed large mitral valve vegetations with valve rupture. The case highlights how rapidly structural valve damage can ensue despite good clinical and laboratorial antibiotic response.

Spontaneous Rupture and Dissection of Aspergillus Infected Arteriovenous Fistula.

Patients with end stage renal disease need a vascular access like arteriovenous (AV) fistula, AV graft or central venous catheter for hemodialysis. However, AV fistula can be complicated due to infection, stenosis, ulceration etc. Among these, spontaneous rupture of AV fistula is rare and can be due to stenosis or infection. Fungal infection of AV fistula is very rare and the most common organism involved is Candida. Infection of native AV fistula with Aspergillusis not reported in the literature. This case discusses the spontaneous rupture and dissection of an Aspergillusinfected arteriovenous fistula, requiring urgent closure and repairing of vessel.

Predictive factors of the outcome and intraventricular rupture of brain abscess.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the significant factors predicting afavorable outcome and to study clinical characteristics and identify the factors predicted by intraventricular rupture of brain abscess (IVROBA). MATERIAL AND METHOD: In the retrospective study, the computer-based medical records of patients of a tertiary care hospital between 1999 and 2013 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the significant factors predicting the outcomes and IVROBA. RESULTS: One hundred fourteen patients with brain abscesses were enrolled. The predictivefactor of a favorable outcome was Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score 13 to 15 (OR 14.64; 95% CI 2.70-79.34; p = 0.02). Conversely, the factors associated with an unfavorable outcome were fungal brain abscess (OR 40.81; 95% CI 3.57-466.49; p = 0.003) and IVROBA (OR 5.50; 95% CI 1.34-22.49; p = 0.017). Moreover greater distance of the brain abscess from the ventricle decreased the IVROBA (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.45-0.87; p = 0.005). Abscesses with intraventricular rupture that were at less than 7 mm of a ventricle (p < 0.000) were likely to IVROBA. CONCLUSION: The outcome of a brain abscess depends on good clinical status, pathogens, and fatal complication of lVROBA. If poor prognostic factors exist, then better surgical option can be selected.

An atypical case of necrotizing fasciitis of the breast.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare and aggressive soft tissue infection involving the fascia and subcutaneous tissues. It carries a high mortality and morbidity rate. In literature, the few case reports on necrotizing fasciitis of the breast, describe the need for a mastectomy in 90% of the cases. We report on a case of a 72-year old Caucasian women with an atypical presentation of necrotizing fasciitis of the breast in combination with an acute abdomen, successfully treated with breast-conserving debridement and secondary wound closure.

An unusual case of cardiogenic shock: common cause from uncommon etiology.

Mechanical complications of an acute coronary syndrome can lead to hemodynamic instability out of proportion to the degree of left ventricular dysfunction. We present the case of a patient with cardiogenic shock secondary to severe mitral regurgitation in the setting of an acutely occluded obtuse marginal artery. Echocardiography and pathologic findings revealed an uncommon cause of anterolateral papillary muscle rupture. Using the unique features of this case, we present a clinical self-assessment exercise highlighting the challenges involved in the management of this type of patient.

Carotid artery rupture and cervicofacial actinomycosis.

Cervicofacial actinomycosis is an uncommon, progressive infection caused by bacilli of the Actinomyces genus. Actinomyces are common commensal saprophytes in the oral cavity which may have medical importance as facultative pathogens. Subsequent to local injuries to the oral mucosa, they may penetrate the deep tissues and be responsible for suppurative or granulomatous infections. We herein report a case of a 65-year-old man who underwent surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy for a tonsillar carcinoma. An ulcerous lesion in the base of the tongue developed and spread to the carotid artery wall. The man died of a massive hemorrhage due to left carotid artery rupture. Postmortem computed tomography angiography performed prior to autopsy allowed the precise localization of the source of bleeding to be detected. Postmortem biochemical investigations confirmed the presence of inflammation associated with local bacterial infection. Histological investigations revealed the rupture of the left carotid artery surrounded by numerous colonies of Actinomyces. Acute and chronic inflammation with tissue necrosis as well as post-actinic, fibrotic changes were also found in the tissues surrounding the ruptured artery wall.

Postpartum rupture of the posteromedial papillary muscle.

We report a case of postpartum severe mitral regurgitation caused by papillary muscle rupture in a female with normal coronary arteries. The etiology of papillary muscle rupture was endocarditis from puerperal fever. Clinical stabilization was achieved with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) followed by mitral valve replacement two days later.

Fasciitis and septic shock complicating retrocecal appendicitis.

INTRODUCTION: A case of fasciitis and septic shock complicating retrocecal appendicitis is presented. CASE REPORT: A 52-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with lumbar pain, fever of recent onset and subsequently developed septic shock attributed to fasciitis of abdominal, flank and groin region. On intensive care unit, he was managed with broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics and surgical debridement. An abdominal computed tomography scan confirmed the findings of fasciitis and was negative for intra-abdominal pathology. In the following days, an enterocutaneous fistula with foul smelling fluid was noted. A new surgical exploration revealed the presence of a ruptured retrocecal appendix, and right hemicolectomy was performed. The postoperative period was long but uneventful. CONCLUSION: Retrocecal appendicitis can rarely be presented as deteriorating cellulitis-fasciitis in the right abdominal, flank or groin region, with or without abdominal symptoms.

Ruptured myocardial abscess causing left ventricle to pulmonary artery communication in an infant with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis.

Myocardial abscess perforation is an extremely rare complication of infective endocarditis. We present a case of a 12-month-old infant who developed community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia after an incision and drainage of a skin abscess. He subsequently developed septic emboli to the brain and lungs, and a myocardial cavity in the outlet portion of the interventricular septum. The cavity ruptured 4 days after diagnosis and created a left ventricle to pulmonary artery fistulous communication. The patient died secondary to embolic complications to the brain. We are not aware of any other cases of myocardial abscess rupture in this location of the heart, in a patient of this age, or due to infection with community-associated methicillin-resistant S aureus .