RESUMEN
Bostrichiformia is the less known major series of Coleoptera regarding digestive physiology. The midgut of Dermestes maculatus has a cylindrical ventriculus with anterior caeca. There is no cell differentiation along the ventriculus, except for the predominance of cells undergoing apocrine secretion in the anterior region. Apocrine secretion affects a larger extension and a greater number of cells in caeca than in ventriculus. Ventricular cells putatively secrete digestive enzymes, whereas caecal cells are supposed to secrete peritrophic gel (PG) glycoproteins. Feeding larvae with dyes showed that caeca are water-absorbing, whereas the posterior ventriculus is water-secreting. Midgut dissection revealed a PG and a peritrophic membrane (PM) covering the contents in anterior and posterior ventriculus, respectively. This was confirmed by in situ chitin detection with FITC-WGA conjugates. Ion-exchange chromatography of midgut homogenates, associated with enzymatic assays with natural and synthetic substrates and specific inhibitors, showed that trypsin and chymotrypsin are the major proteinases, cysteine proteinase is absent, and aspartic proteinase probably is negligible. Amylase and trypsin occur in contents and decrease along the ventriculus; the contrary is true for cell-membrane-bound aminopeptidase. Maltase is cell-membrane-bound and predominates in anterior and middle midgut. Digestive enzyme activities in hindgut are negligible. This, together with dye data, indicates that enzymes are recovered from inside PM by a posterior-anterior flux of fluid outside PM before being excreted. The combined results suggest that protein digestion starts in anterior midgut and ends in the surface of posterior midgut cells. All glycogen digestion takes place in anterior midgut.
Asunto(s)
Escarabajos/enzimología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos del Sistema Digestivo , Enzimas/metabolismo , Tracto Gastrointestinal/enzimología , Absorción Intestinal/fisiología , Secreciones Intestinales/fisiología , Animales , Quitina/análisis , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato , Tracto Gastrointestinal/ultraestructura , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Aglutininas del Germen de TrigoRESUMEN
Anatomic and clinical data suggest that the gastroesophageal junction or cardia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD) may be dilated. We hypothesized that anatomic dilatation of the cardia induces a lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction that may be corrected by narrowing the gastroesophageal junction (i.e., calibration of the cardia). We measured the perimeter of the cardia during surgery in control subjects and patients with GERD and Barrett's esophagus. We then tested our hypothesis in a mechanical model. The model was based on a pig gastroesophageal specimen with perpendicularly placed elastic bands around the cardia simulating the action of the "sling" and "clasp" fibers. "Dilatation" of the cardia was induced by displacing the sling band laterally and decreasing its tension. "Calibration" of the cardia was performed by reapproximation of the sling band toward the esophagus but maintaining the same tension as the dilated model. In the "basal," "dilated," and "calibrated" states, the perimeter of the cardia was noted and rapid mechanized pullback manometry with a water-perfused catheter was performed. The opening pressure was determined, and three-dimensional sphincter pressure images were analyzed. The average cardia perimeter was 6.3 cm in control subjects, 8.9 cm in GERD patients, and 13.8 cm in patients with Barrett's esophagus. The arrangement of the bands in the experimental model generated a manometric high-pressure zone similar to that in the human lower esophageal sphincter. Dilatation of the cardia resulted in a decrease in the resting pressure, length, and vector volume of the high -pressure zone, and reduced the opening pressure. Calibration restored the resting and opening pressure, and normalized the three-dimensional pressure image. In patients with GERD and Barrett's esophagus, the cardia is dilated. Our model supports the hypothesis that lower esophageal sphincter function is compromised by anatomic dilatation of the cardia and can be restored by approximation of the "sling" fibers toward the lesser curvature "clasp" fibers). This provides evidence for a correlation between gastroesophageal sphincter dysfunction in reflux disease and its correction by antireflux surgery.
Asunto(s)
Cardias/patología , Unión Esofagogástrica/patología , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Esófago de Barrett/patología , Esófago de Barrett/fisiopatología , Esófago de Barrett/cirugía , Calibración , Cardias/fisiopatología , Dilatación Patológica/patología , Dilatación Patológica/fisiopatología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Duodeno , Esofagitis Péptica/patología , Esofagitis Péptica/fisiopatología , Esofagitis Péptica/cirugía , Unión Esofagogástrica/fisiopatología , Esofagoscopía , Femenino , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/fisiopatología , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/cirugía , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Secreciones Intestinales/fisiología , Masculino , Manometría , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Liso/patología , Músculo Liso/fisiopatología , Presión , Estudios Prospectivos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , PorcinosRESUMEN
A comparison of some components of the venoms of two Costa Rican tarantulas, Aphonopelma seemanni (Cambridge) and Sphaerobothria hoffmanni (Karsch) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows patterns similar to those of Dugesiella hentzi (Girard), a North American tarantula. The digestive secretions have proteins that do not enter the 15% gels; thus no bands are observed. The method used by the tarantulas to consume their prey involves the action of both the venom and the digestive secretions. The percent protein, pH, proteolytic activity and hemolytic activity of venom and digestive secretions of both species were determined, and a high proteolytic activity for digestive secretions was found.
Asunto(s)
Venenos de Artrópodos/análisis , Secreciones Intestinales/análisis , Venenos de Araña/análisis , Animales , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Femenino , Secreciones Intestinales/fisiología , Venenos de Araña/fisiologíaRESUMEN
A comparison of some components of the venoms of two Costa Rican tarantulas, Aphonopelma seeamanni (Cambridge) and Sphaerobothria hoffmanni (Karsch) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows patterns similar to those of Dugesiella hentzi (Girard), a North American tarantula. The digestive secretions have proteins that do not enter the 15% gels; thus no bands are obsorved. The method used by the tarantulas to consume their prey involves the action of both the venom and the digestive secretions. The percent protein, pH, proteolytic activity and hemolytic activity of venom and digestive secretions of both species were determined, and a high proteolytic activity for digestive secretions was found.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Animales , Venenos de Artrópodos/análisis , Secreciones Intestinales/análisis , Venenos de Araña/análisis , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Secreciones Intestinales/fisiología , Venenos de Araña/fisiologíaRESUMEN
16 dogs were subjected to surgical techniques in order to maintain the gastric antrum in continuous and chronic contact with duodenal contents. Eight dogs were followed up for six months and the remainder for twelve months. There were no histological findings of atrophic gastritis or gastric ulcer.
Asunto(s)
Duodeno/fisiopatología , Gastritis/fisiopatología , Mucosa Intestinal/fisiopatología , Úlcera Gástrica/fisiopatología , Animales , Perros , Gastritis/patología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Secreciones Intestinales/fisiología , Úlcera Gástrica/patologíaRESUMEN
Desarrolla la fisiología respiratoria y la fisiología digestiva en todos los aspectos
Asunto(s)
Digestión , Respiración , Absorción Intestinal , Bilis/enzimología , Bilis/fisiología , Bilis/metabolismo , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/metabolismo , Circulación Pulmonar , Células Quimiorreceptoras/fisiología , Defecación , Dióxido de Carbono/fisiología , Estómago/fisiología , Heces , Fisiología/educación , Glándulas Salivales , Glándulas Salivales/enzimología , Glándulas Salivales/fisiología , Intestino Delgado/fisiología , Intestino Grueso/fisiología , Lípidos/metabolismo , Motilidad Gastrointestinal , Mucosa Gástrica , Oxígeno/fisiología , Proteínas/metabolismo , Pulmón/fisiología , Pulmón/irrigación sanguínea , Páncreas/enzimología , Páncreas/fisiología , Relación Ventilacion-Perfusión , Secreciones Intestinales/enzimología , Secreciones Intestinales/fisiología , Secreciones Intestinales/metabolismoRESUMEN
Desarrolla la fisiología respiratoria y la fisiología digestiva en todos los aspectos
Asunto(s)
Respiración , Digestión , Pulmón/fisiología , Pulmón/irrigación sanguínea , Circulación Pulmonar , Relación Ventilacion-Perfusión , Oxígeno/fisiología , Dióxido de Carbono/fisiología , Células Quimiorreceptoras/fisiología , Estómago/fisiología , Secreciones Intestinales/enzimología , Secreciones Intestinales/fisiología , Secreciones Intestinales/metabolismo , Páncreas/enzimología , Páncreas/fisiología , Glándulas Salivales/enzimología , Glándulas Salivales/fisiología , Glándulas Salivales , Bilis/enzimología , Bilis/fisiología , Bilis/metabolismo , Defecación , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Lípidos/metabolismo , Fisiología/educación , Motilidad Gastrointestinal , Absorción Intestinal , Heces , Intestino Delgado/fisiología , Mucosa Gástrica , Intestino Grueso/fisiologíaRESUMEN
A case of a human jejunal loop excluded from the intestinal transit was studied. The loop was located in the retrosternal space as the first step of esophageal transit reconstruction, after an unsuccessful esophagocoloplasty performed in order to treat a caustic stenosis of the esophagus. The motility, secretion of electrolytes and the absorption of glucose and alanine by the loop were determined.
Asunto(s)
Motilidad Gastrointestinal , Absorción Intestinal , Yeyuno/fisiología , Adulto , Bario , Estenosis Esofágica/cirugía , Gastrostomía , Humanos , Secreciones Intestinales/fisiología , Intestino Delgado/fisiología , Masculino , Modelos BiológicosRESUMEN
The authors present a simple and practical method to avoid the ileal juice expoliation in patients with ileostomy after intestinal resection. In the cases presented, after the resection, stomies were performed of the proximal and distal portions of the intestine, in relation to the extirpated segment. The juice collected in the proximal stomy was infused in the distal stomy, simulating that way the physiologic intestinal transit.