The relationship of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with testicular cancer

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the relationship between testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and to determine whether this ratio can be used as a serum tumor marker. Material and Methods: Sixty-one patients with testicular germ cell tumors were included into the study. Patients were grouped as localized and non-localized. Histologically patients were categorized as seminoma and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Complete blood cell count was measured the day before surgery and at the postoperative 1st month. Preoperative and postoperative mean NLR values were compared. Results: Thirty-six patients (59%) had seminomas and 25 patients (41%) had nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Forty-five patients (73.8%) had localized and 16 patients (26.2%) had non-localized testicular cancer. There was a statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative mean NLR of the localized patients (p=0.001) but no such difference was detected for non-localized patients (p=0.576). Nineteen patients with localized seminomas had normal preoperative serum tumor markers. There was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative mean NLR in this group of patients (p=0.010). Twenty-six patients with localized tumors had preoperative increased serum tumor markers which normalized after orchiectomy. Mean NLR of these patients significantly decreased from 3.10±2.13 to 1.62±0.59 postoperatively (p=0.010). Conclusions: NLR appears to be a useful marker for TGCT. It is successful in predicting localized and non-localized disease in early postoperative period.

The relationship of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with testicular cancer.

PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and to determine whether this ratio can be used as a serum tumor marker. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-one patients with testicular germ cell tumors were included into the study. Patients were grouped as localized and non-localized. Histologically patients were categorized as seminoma and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Complete blood cell count was measured the day before surgery and at the postoperative 1st month. Preoperative and postoperative mean NLR values were compared. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (59%) had seminomas and 25 patients (41%) had nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Forty-five patients (73.8%) had localized and 16 patients (26.2%) had non-localized testicular cancer. There was a statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative mean NLR of the localized patients (p=0.001) but no such difference was detected for non-localized patients (p=0.576). Nineteen patients with localized seminomas had normal preoperative serum tumor markers. There was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative mean NLR in this group of patients (p=0.010). Twenty-six patients with localized tumors had preoperative increased serum tumor markers which normalized after orchiectomy. Mean NLR of these patients significantly decreased from 3.10 ± 2.13 to 1.62 ± 0.59 postoperatively (p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS: NLR appears to be a useful marker for TGCT. It is successful in predicting localized and non-localized disease in early postoperative period.

[A woman with a pure seminoma and a contralateral intratubular germinal neoplasm. A case report]. / Mujer con seminoma puro y neoplasia intratubular germinal contralateral. Informe de un caso.

BACKGROUND: Androgen insensitivity syndrome is an X-linked disorder, and is characterised by a female phenotype in a chromosomally male individual. It usually occurs in puberty with primary amenorrhoea or as an inguinal tumour in a female infant. In recent years, it is often also diagnosed in fertility clinics in adulthood. OBJECTIVE: The case is presented of a pure seminoma in a woman with the reference diagnosis of inguinal hernia. CLINICAL CASE: A 53 year old woman, who was operated on in 2014 due to a nodule in left groin. Androgen insensitivity syndrome was corroborated, and histopathology reported it as a right testicular seminoma. DISCUSSION: The importance of early diagnosis is discussed, highlighting the consequences of misdiagnosis, and question whether these patients have been adequately treated in the past. The risk of malignant transformation of an undescended testicle increases with age, thus gonadectomy should be performed after puberty, and in some cases hormone replacement therapy.

[Serum hormones that regulate the reproductive axis in men with testicular germ cell cancer and its impact on fertility]. / Hormonas séricas que regulan el eje reproductor en el varón con cáncer germinal de testículo y su repercusión en la fertilidad.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies treat testicular germ cancer as a single disease, the behavior of the two histological types of cancer; seminoma and nonseminoma have differences in reproductive hormone secretion and impair fertility differently. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that the serum concentration of pituitary hormones involved in fertility and spermatogenesis in the affected male is different in the two histological types. METHODS: Were determined by radioimmunoassay or inmunoradiometric assay, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, total testosterone, prolactin, estradiol, human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha fetoprotein in 37 patients with germ cell cancer (15 seminoma and 22 nonseminoma) and 35 controls. We analyzed the semen of patients, and were questioned about paternity before the cancer diagnosis. RESULTS: Age was higher in patients with seminoma cancer, showed decreased luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and testosterone and increased estradiol and prolactin in nonseminoma compared with seminoma. In patients with nonseminoma they had 9 children, 5 were oligozoospermic, 3 azoospermic and 6 normal concentration, 8 did not provide sample, seminoma group they had eight children, only one azoospermic, nine normal concentration, and 5 did not provide sample . CONCLUSIONS: The hormonal behavior is different in men with nonseminoma compared with seminoma, so that the negative impact on the reproductive axis and fertility is higher in cases of non-seminoma.

Antecedentes: los estudios epidemiológicos tratan al cáncer germinal de testículo como una sola patología, el comportamiento de los dos tipos histológicos: el seminoma y no seminoma tienen diferencias en la secreción de hormonas reproductivas y alteran la fertilidad de forma diferente. Objetivo: demostrar que la concentración sérica de las hormonas hipofisarias que intervienen en la fertilidad y espermatogénesis en el varón afectado es diferente en los dos tipos histológicos. Material y métodos: estudio clínico, prospectivo, transversal, comparativo de tres grupos de pacientes. Por medio de radioinmunoensayo o ensayo inmunorradiométrico se determinaron las concentraciones de: hormona luteinizante, hormona folículo estimulante, testosterona total, prolactina, estradiol, gonadotropina coriónica humana y alfa feto proteína en suero de 37 pacientes (15 seminoma, y 22 no seminoma) y 35 controles. Se analizó el semen de los pacientes y se les interrogó acerca de su satisfacción de paternidad antes del diagnóstico de cáncer. Resultados: los pacientes con cáncer tipo seminoma fueron de mayor edad, se encontró disminución de: hormona luteinizante, hormona folículo estimulante y testosterona; aumento de: estradiol y prolactina en cáncer no seminoma, en comparación con seminoma. En los pacientes con no seminoma 9 ya tenían hijos, 5 eran oligozoospérmicos, 3 azoospérmicos y 6 con concentración normal 8 no proporcionaron muestra; en el grupo de seminona, 8 ya tenían hijos, sólo 1 azoospérmico; 9 concentración normal, y 5 no proporcionaron muestra. Conclusiones: el comportamiento hormonal es diferente en los hombres con cáncer no seminoma en comparación con los de seminoma, por lo que la repercusión negativa en el eje reproductor y fertilidad es mayor en los casos de no seminoma.

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and PTHrP mediated malignant hypercalcemia in a seminoma.

BACKGROUND: Seminomas have been rarely associated with malignant hypercalcemia. The responsible mechanism of hypercalcemia in this setting has been described to be secondary to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D secretion. The relationship with PTHrP has not been determined or studied.The aim of this study is to describe and discuss the case and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in a malignant hypercalcemia mediated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and PTHrP cosecretion in a patient with seminoma. CASE PRESENTATION: A 35-year-old man was consulted for assessment and management of severe hypercalcemia related to an abdominal mass. Nausea, polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy and confusion led him to the emergency department. An abdominal and pelvic enhanced CT confirmed a calcified pelvic mass, along with multiple retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Chest x-ray revealed "cannon ball" pulmonary metastases. The histopathology result was consistent with a seminoma. Serum calcium was 14.7 mg/dl, PTH was undetectable, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D was within normal values and PTHrP and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin were elevated (35.0 pg/ml, and 212 pg/ml, respectively). After the first cycle of chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin, normocalcemia was restored. Both PTHrP and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, dropped dramatically to 9.0 pg/ml and 8.0 pg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION: The association of seminoma and malignant hypercalcemia is extremely rare. We describe a case of a patient with a seminoma and malignant hypercalcemia related to paraneoplastic cosecretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and PTHrP. After successful chemotherapy, calcium, PTHrP and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D returned to normal values.