El largo y sinuoso camino de la farmacia clinica en Chile / The long and winding road of the clinical pharmacy in Chile

Clinical pharmacy is a health discipline in which pharmacists provide patient care that optimizes rational medication use and promotes health, wellness and disease prevention. The beginnings of clinical pharmacy in Chile were inspired by the origin in the School of Pharmacy of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), in the mid-1960s. However, the historical development in our country, both in teaching and in the professional field, was accompanied by difficulties and success, which became a long and winding road. This article shares the events that gave rise to its beginnings in Chile, first through teaching, then in pharmacovigilance and clinical pharmacokinetics, to later describe its professional expansion and recognition as a specialty of pharmacy. This article briefly recounts the history of the Chilean clinical pharmacy to this day. Some names of people or institutions were not mentioned. Therefore the authors apologize in advance to pharmacists and organizations whose contribution cannot be recognized in this way. However, we know that this specialty has not been forged only by the names that appear, but by all those who love and respect the work of the clinical pharmacy.

PRACTITIONER UPDATE.

OBJECTIVE: To review the development and implementation of prescription formularies by managed care organizations, identify their current applications, and recognize future trends in the managed care pharmacy environment. DATA SOURCES: Current journal articles and texts regarding the use of formularies and the managed care environment. DATA SYNTHESIS: Not applicable. CONCLUSION: Formulary systems have proven to be a valuable means to control the pharmacy benefit and can be expected to expand in both scope and sophistication.

Clinical pharmacy services in the emergency department.

The emergency department (ED) is a fast-paced, high-risk, and often overburdened work environment. Formal policy statements from several notable organizations, including the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), have recognized the importance of clinical pharmacists in the emergency medicine (EM) setting. EM clinical pharmacists work alongside emergency physicians and nurses at the bedside to optimize pharmacotherapy, improve patient safety, increase efficiency and cost-effectiveness of care, facilitate antibiotic stewardship, educate patients and clinicians, and contribute to scholarly efforts. This paper examines the history of EM clinical pharmacists and associated training programs, the diverse responsibilities and roles of EM clinical pharmacists, their impact on clinical and financial outcomes, and proposes a conceptual model for EM clinical pharmacist integration into ED patient care. Finally, barriers to implementing EM clinical pharmacy programs and limitations are considered.

La farmacia del hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia de Zaragoza: la importancia histórica de un legado / The pharmacy of the Nuestra Señora de Gracia Hospital in Zaragoza: the historical importance of a legacy

Las farmacias de hospital han tenido a lo largo de los siglos una importancia relevnate dentro del desarrollo global de la farmacia, tanto desde el aspecto profesional, como en el científico y el artístico. En España han sido destacables las aportaciones y la historial de la farmacia del Hospital de la Santa Creu de Barcelona, de la que se tienen datos desde la fundación del Hospital en 1404 y las de los hospitales General de Valencia y el de Madrid. En Aragón el Hospital de Nuestra Señora de Gracia de Zaragoza ha sido durante siglos su principal centro sanitario. De su botica tenemos conocimiento desde tiempos de Fernando el Católico y su importancia está avalada por documentos y estudios de distintas épocas. Trasladado el Hospital a su actual emplazamiento, tras la destrucción del primitivo en 1808, la farmacia sufrió varias remodelaciones, la más importante se realizó poco después de hacerse cargo la Diputación Provincial de Zaragoza del funcionamiento del centro en el último tercio del siglo XIX. En este trabajo pretendemos exponer el funcionamiento del Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia de Zaragoza y especialmente de su farmacia en el último tercio del siglo XIX describiendo sus funciones, la importancia de los farmacéuticos que trabajaron ella y la renovación de sus estructura en 1881 que se ha conservado en su esencia hasta el presente

Over centuries hospital pharmacies have played an important role in the global development of Pharmacy, as much from the professional as scientific and artistic aspects. In Spain, the contribution and history of the pharmacy of the Hospital de Santa Creu in Barcelona, with data from its foundation in 1404, and those of the General hospitals of both Valencia and Madrid, have been outstanding. In Aragon, Zaragoza's Nuestra Señora de Gracia Hospital has been the main health centre. We have knowledge from its pharmacy dating from the time of Fernando the Catholic and its importance is backed by documents and studies from different periods. The Hospital was moved to its current localtion after the original was destroyed in 1808, the pharmacy underwent several restructurings with the most important was done shortly after the Diputación Provincial de Zaragoza took over its running in the last third of the XIXth century. This work intends to show how Zaragoza's Nuestra Señora de Gracia hospital worked and, in particular, its pharmacy in the last third of the XIXth century, describing its functions, the importance of the pharmacists working there and the renewal of its structure in 1881, which have been maintained in essence until the present day

[Drugs of a Baroque monastery pharmacy]. / Léky z barokní klásterní lékárny.

This paper deal with a manuscript from the years 1714-1720, originating most probably from the hospital of the Brothers of Mercy in Nové Mesto nad Metují. it contains the records of the hospital pharmacy about the drugs prepared for both patients and monks who operated this hospital. The included drugs were mainly intended for elderly males. The manuscript lists about fifteen hundred drugs and more than three hundred active ingredients, of which about two thirds were of plant origin. The paper presents the compositions of more important drugs and partly deals also with their preparation.

[A chapter from the history of the pharmacy of the Brothers of Mercy in Spisské Podhradí in the 19th and 20th centuries]. / Z dejin lékárny Milosrdných bratrí v Spisském Podhradí v 19. a 20. století

On the basis of archival materials, period publications and literary sources, this paper presents the data concerning the history of the pharmacy of the Hospital Order of St. John of God - the Brothers of Mercy in Spisské Podhradie in Slovakia. The Brothers of Mercy were active in Spisské Podhradie from the second half of the 17th century and in harmony with the main mission of the Order they ran a hospital and a pharmacy. The paper briefly characterizes the activities of the Brothers of Mercy in Spisské Podhradie, describes their pharmacy, its material-technical equipment and personnel carrying out its operation, focusing on the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century till the take-over of the pharmacy and convent by the Czechoslovak province.

El trabajo de las mujeres voluntarias en el Laboratorio de Farmacia Militar de Santiago de Compostela (1936-1939) / The work of volunteer women at the Military Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Santiago de Compostela (1936-1939)

Este trabajo trata sobre el Laboratorio de Farmacia Militar que, durante la guerra civil española, existió en la Facultad de Farmacia de Santiago de Compostela y que contó con la colaboración de mujeres voluntarias para producir los medicamentos necesarios para el frente. El hecho de que una institución académica se transformase en un centro militar, reintegrando a su platilla docente en el ejército y fabricando análogos de fármacos que escaseaban por la situación de guerra, confiere al tema un particular interés. La participación de las jóvenes compostelanas que sirvieron como mano de obra en este Laboratorio Militar nos permite analizar el papel de las mujeres al servicio del ejército en la retaguardia, en una labor tan importante como silenciada por los historiadores. De este Laboratorio de Farmacia Militar, de su producción, de la plantilla y de los hechos con él relacionados versa este trabajo de investigación (AU)

This work is about the Military Pharmaceutical Laboratory placed at the Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Santiago de Compostela during he Spanish civil war and the help of volunteer women to produce the necessary drugs for the Franco’s Army. The fact that an academic institution would become a military center, restoring his teaching staff in the Army and manufacturing the necessary drugs for the particular war situation, gives the subject a great interest. Local young women participation as workers in such as labor in the Military Lab allows us to analyze the role of women in the Army service in the rear. An important subject often silenced by historians. The Military Pharmaceutical Laboratory, its production, its staff and the facts related to it is the goal of this research (AU)