A história de uma mulher negra e gorda: cotidiano, afetividade e sexualidade / The story of a fat black woman: daily life, affectivity and sexuality

Resumo Toda mulher que foge do rígido padrão de beleza atual sofre julgamento, rejeição, críticas e é propícia à marginalização - este é o caso das mulheres gordas. O preconceito sofrido pelas pessoas gordas é chamado de gordofobia e limita a vida desses indivíduos, impedindo inclusive que estes vivenciem sua sexualidade plenamente. Este trabalho realizou um relato de caso sobre a percepção do corpo gordo por parte de uma mulher adulta, gorda, de baixa renda e negra e como o ser gorda perpassa a vida desta mulher e sua relação afetiva e sexual com seu companheiro. Constatou-se que as mulheres gordas sentem insatisfação em relação aos seus corpos e comparam-se aos estereótipos de beleza difundidos pela mídia, o que lhes causa frustração e sentimentos de inferioridade. Preconceito, isolamento e exclusão são constantes na vida das mulheres em função de seus corpos grandes e volumosos. Esse preconceito se potencializa nas mulheres negras, uma vez que o racismo é estrutural e a população negra segue sendo marginalizada. O sofrimento e o impacto do corpo gordo no cotidiano, na autoestima, na relação sexual e afetiva são constantemente pauta na vida da mulher gorda, e a gordofobia emerge como razão considerável de sofrimento psíquico, sobretudo para a mulher.

Abstract Every woman who runs away from the current rigid standard of beauty suffers judgment, rejection, criticism and is prone to marginalization, this is the case for fat women. The prejudice suffered by fat people is called fatphobia and limits the lives of these individuals, even preventing them from fully experiencing their sexuality. This work carried out a case report on the perception of the fat body according to an adult woman, fat, low-income, and black and how the fat permeating the life of this woman and her affective and sexual relationship with her partner. It was found that fat women feel dissatisfied with their bodies and compare themselves to the stereotypes of beauty spread by the media, which causes them frustration and feelings of inferiority. Prejudice, isolation, and exclusion are constant in women's lives due to their large and bulky bodies. This prejudice is potentiated in black women, since racism is structural, and the black population continues to be marginalized. Suffering and the impact of the fat body in daily life, in self-esteem, in sexual and emotional relationships are constantly on the agenda of fat women, and fatphobia emerges as a considerable reason for psychological suffering, especially for women.

Actitudes hacia las sexualidades periféricas en estudiantes universitarios de La Rioja, Argentina y Huancayo, Perú / Attitudes towards peripheral sexualities in university studentsof a Rioja, Argentina and Huancayo, Peru

El objetivo del estudio fue conocer las actitudes hacia la diversidad sexual en escenarios aca-démicos de dos universidades públicas: La Rioja Argentina y la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú. Se comparó las características de las actitudes hacia las sexualidades periféricas en estudiantes de ambas universidades. La investigación se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cuantitati-vo, de tipo observacional, prospectivo y transversal,de nivel exploratorio, descriptivo-relacional, con diseño comunitario, dado que la unidad de estudio es la población y se da una exploración con comparaciones múltiples. La población estuvo constituida por 150 estudiantes de las carreras profesionales de Trabajo Social en ambas universidades. Los resultados eviden-cian tendencias favorables hacia actitudes positivas respecto a las personas LGBTI+, con dife-rencias significativas en las dimensiones cognitiva y conductual según universidad. Se encontró tambiénrelación significativa de las actitudes con la religión y el género de los estudiantes. (AU)

The objective of the study was to know the attitudes towards sexual diversity in academic set-tings of two public universities: La Rioja Argentina and the National University of the Center of Peru. The characteristics of attitudes towards peripheral sexualities in students from both universities were compared. The research was developed under a quantitative, observational, prospective, and cross-sectional approach, exploratory, descriptive-relational, with communi-ty design, since the unit of study is the population and an exploration with multiple compari-sons is given. The population was constituted by 150 students of the professional careers of Social Work in both universities. The results show favorable trends towards positive attitudes towards LGBTI+ people, with significant differences in the cognitive and behavioral dimen-sions, according to the university. A significant relationship was also found between attitudes with religion and the gender of the students. (AU)

Papa Don't Preach? : Using Lies to Expose the Truth about Who Suppresses Female Sexuality.

The suppression of sexuality is culturally widespread, and women's sexual promiscuity, activity, and enjoyment are almost always judged and punished more harshly than men's. It remains disputed, however, to what end people suppress sexuality, and who benefits from the suppression of female sexuality. Different theories predict that women in general, men in general, women's intimate partners, or parents benefit most. Here we use the lies women and men tell-or imagine telling-about their sexual histories as an indirect measure of who is most involved in the suppression of sexuality. We asked men and women what they would reply if asked questions by their mother, father, current partner, attractive confederate, and various same- or opposite-sex friends and colleagues about their number of previous sex partners, age at first romantic kiss, age at first consensual sex, and cheating on a previous partner or spouse. By comparing the size and direction of the lies that subjects told, we tested competing predictions of several cultural and evolutionary theories concerning why female sexuality is suppressed and who is driving its suppression. We found that men and women told larger and more frequent lies to their parents, with women telling the largest and most frequent lies of all to their fathers. Additionally, the majority of lies by both men and women were in sexually conservative directions. Our findings suggest that mothers, and especially fathers, restrict female sexuality.

Premarital relationships and condom use among young people in Suva, Fiji.

Background Young people in Fiji experience high rates of sexually transmissible infections and early pregnancy. Despite being identified as a key priority group in national strategies, little is known about use of condoms among young people in premarital relationships. This study aimed to enhance understandings of premarital sex and condom use practices among young people in Fiji. METHODS: Focus group discussions with 33 young women and men aged 18-29 years and 17 interviews with young women aged 18-26 years in an urban setting in Fiji were conducted. Inductive thematic analysis examined condom use practices. RESULTS: Participants described a range of contextual influences inhibiting or enabling condom use. Factors inhibiting condom use included sociocultural expectations regarding premarital abstinence; young people's engagement in hidden sexual relationships; limited intergenerational dialogue about sexual health issues; judgmental attitude of staff at condom access points; male dominance of condom use preferences; and belief condoms disrupt intimacy, reduce sexual pleasure and infer a lack of trust. Factors that enhanced condom use included accessing condoms through discreet methods; adult beliefs that supported safe sex practices; and refusing to have sex without a condom. CONCLUSION: Findings broaden understandings of young people's condom use practices in Suva, Fiji. The findings illustrate the need for culturally appropriate youth-centred sexual and reproductive health (SRH) programs and services. Specific strategies that might enhance young people's condom use include community- and youth-led responses; peer condom distribution; provision of condom dispensers in community settings; scaling up of youth-friendly SRH services; and the delivery of comprehensive sexuality and relationships education.

Preferences in Information Processing, Marginalized Identity, and Non-Monogamy: Understanding Factors in Suicide-Related Behavior among Members of the Alternative Sexuality Community.

Suicide-related behavior (SRB) is a mental health disparity experienced by the alternative sexuality community. We assessed mental health, relationship orientation, marginalized identities (i.e., sexual orientation minority, gender minority, racial minority, ethnic minority, and lower education), and preferences in information processing (PIP) as factors differentiating lifetime SRB groups. An online cross-sectional survey study was conducted in 2018. Members of the National Coalition for Sexual Freedom (NCSF; n = 334) took part. Bivariate analyses identified the following SRB risk factors: female and transgender/gender non-binary identity, sexual orientation minority identity, lower education, suicide attempt/death exposure, Need for Affect (NFA) Avoidance, depression, and anxiety. Monogamous relationship orientation was a protective factor. Multi-nomial regression revealed the following: (1) monogamous relationship orientation was a protective factor for suicidal ideation and attempt; (2) lower education was a risk factor for suicide attempt; (3) anxiety was a risk factor for suicide attempt; and (4) depression was a risk factor for suicidal ideation. A two-way interaction showed that elevated NFA Approach buffered the negative impacts of depression. Relationship orientation, several marginalized identities (i.e., based on gender, sexual orientation, and educational level), and PIP all contributed uniquely to SRB. Further study is necessary to understand the role of relationship orientation with suicide. Health education and suicide prevention efforts with NCSF should be tailored to account for marginalized identity, mental health, and NFA factors.

The Moral Valence of Intentionality and the Modern Reproductive Subject.

Critical appraisals of adolescent pregnancy invoke the neoliberal valuation of rational action as moral obligation. Adolescents are portrayed as autonomous modern subjects and expected to demonstrate the virtue of responsibility through the use of biomedical contraceptives. Drawing on sixteen months of ethnographic fieldwork focusing on adolescent pregnancy in a small, semirural community outside of Tijuana, Baja California Norte, Mexico, I elucidate the moral landscape within which assertions of intentionality might acquire meaning in the context of adolescent pregnancy. I argue that the stakes involved in normative evaluations of female sexuality and reproduction at my fieldsite are shaped by past and contemporary experiences of EuroAmerican imperialism and are superimposed upon moral scaffolds laid by EuroAmerican colonialism.

Intersectionality and Health Behaviors Among US High School Students: Examining Race/Ethnicity, Sexual Identity, and Sex.

BACKGROUND: Little research exists examining the impact of multiple minority identities, particularly sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and sex on health-risk behaviors like mental health, substance use, violence, and sexual risk among high school students in the United States. In this study, we use a nationally representative dataset to examine differences between non-Hispanic white heterosexuals (HSs) and non-Hispanic white sexual minority, black HS, black sexual minority, Hispanic HS, and Hispanic sexual minority students. METHODS: Data from the 2015 wave of the Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System were used in this study. Chi-square and hierarchical logistic regression models examined differences between the groups on outcomes including: (1) mental health and suicide, (2) alcohol, tobacco, and illicit substances, (3) sexual risk and protective factors, and (4) school and physical and/or sexual violence. RESULTS: Whereas sexual minority youth (SMY) generally demonstrate poorer health outcomes compared to HSs, SMY who are also racial/ethnic minorities often have even poorer health outcomes, particularly relating to substance use, sexual risk behaviors, physical/sexual violence, and suicide. CONCLUSIONS: The need for culturally tailored education and school-based interventions that consider intersections between race/ethnicity, sexual identity, and biological sex are warranted to address health disparities related to mental health and suicide, substance use, sexual risk, and violence.

Zimbabwean secondary school Guidance and Counseling teachers teaching sexuality education in the HIV and AIDS education curriculum.

In spite of the importance of sexuality education and HIV and AIDS education in preventing HIV infections, Zimbabwean secondary school Guidance and Counseling teachers are not engaging optimally with the current Guidance and Counseling, HIV and AIDS & Life Skills education curriculum, and hence, they are not serving the needs of the learners in the context of the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The aim of the study, therefore, was to explore how Guidance and Counseling teachers could be enabled to teach the necessary critical content in sexuality education in the HIV and AIDS education curriculum. A qualitative research design, informed by a critical paradigm, using participatory visual methodology and methods such as drawing and focus group discussion, was used with eight purposively selected Guidance and Counseling teachers from Gweru district, Zimbabwe. The study was theoretically framed by Cultural Historical Activity Theory. Guidance and Counseling teachers found themselves in a community with diverse cultural practices and beliefs of which some seemed to contradict what was supposed to be taught in the curriculum. The participatory visual methodology, however, enabled a process in which the Guidance and Counseling teachers could reflect on themselves, the context in which they taught, their sexuality education work and learn how to navigate the contradictions and tensions, and to use such contradictions as sources of learning and sources for change. The results have several implications for policy in terms of the Guidance and Counseling curriculum and engaging with cultural issues; and for practice in terms of teacher professional development, teacher training, and for stakeholder contribution.

Erotización infantil y gramáticas afectivas: discursos sobre la infancia en la era 2. 0 en Argentina / Child erotization and affective grammar: discourses about childhood in the 2. 0 era in Argentina / Erotização infantil e gramáticas afetivas: discursos sobre a infância na era 2. 0 na Argentina

Resumen Basado en el análisis sociosemiótico de los discursos, deudor de Bajtin, Foucault y Angenot, el presente trabajo se propone abordar las diversas significaciones de la (a)sexualidad infantil en los discursos de prevención del acoso sexual de niños, niñas y adolescentes a través de internet -grooming- en la Argentina actual. En primera instancia, indagaremos en el espesor histórico del dispositivo de (a)sexualización infantil, regido por el modelo de estratificación de la sexualidad por edad. En segundo lugar, atenderemos cómo, en la industria cultural contemporánea, esas normas se ven desplazadas por otra tópica: la "hipersexualización" de la infancia. Ambas figuras cobran una particular complejidad en los discursos de prevención del grooming, que proponen un modo de gobierno fuertemente punitivo de la agencia sexual infantil.

Abstract Based on the sociosemiotic analysis of discourses inspired by Bajtin, Foucault and Angenot, the present work addresses the different meanings of child (a)sexuality in the sexual harassment of children and adolescents prevention discours on the internet-or grooming-in Argentina. We investigate the history of the (a)sexualization device of children, governed by the stratification model of sexuality by age. We will also analyze how in contemporary cultural industry these norms are displaced by another topic: the "hyper-sexualization" of childhood. Both figures are particularly complex in the grooming prevention discourses, which propose a strongly punitive mode of governing the sexual agency of children.

Resumo Baseado na análise sócio semiótica dos discursos, inspirada em Bajtin, Foucault e Angenot, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo abordar os diferentes significados da (a)sexualidade infantil nos discursos de prevenção do assédio sexual de crianças e adolescentes na internet - ou grooming - na Argentina. No primeiro caso, investigaremos a espessura histórica do dispositivo de (a)sexualização infantil, regido pelo modelo de estratificação da sexualidade por idade. Em segundo lugar, veremos como, na indústria cultural contemporânea, essas normas são substituídas por outro tópico: a "hipersexualização" da infância. As duas figuras possuem uma particular complexidade nos discursos de prevenção de grooming, que propõem um modo de governo fortemente punitivo da agência sexual infantil.

Comparing Pansexual- and Bisexual-Identified Participants on Demographics, Psychological Well-Being, and Political Ideology in a New Zealand National Sample.

Pansexuality, characterized by attraction to people regardless of their gender, is an emerging sexual identity. Research has started to explore the differences between those who identify as pansexual and those who identify as bisexual, typically defined as being attracted to both men and women. This article extends past research by testing for differences between those who identify as pansexual (n = 52) and bisexual (n = 497) in a nationally representative sample. We used the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (NZAVS) to test for differences in demographic variables, psychological well-being, and political ideology. We found that pansexual participants were younger, more likely to be gender diverse (transgender or nonbinary), and more likely to be from the indigenous Maori ethnic group than bisexual participants. Pansexual participants also reported higher psychological distress and were more politically liberal than bisexual participants. These results suggest that people who identify as pansexual are, on average, quantifiably different from those who identify as bisexual; this study adds to a new but growing body of research on emerging plurisexual identities.

Social Ecological Factors of Sexual Subjectivity and Contraceptive Use and Access Among Young Women in the Northwest Territories, Canada.

Adolescent women in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, experience many sexual health challenges that are linked to a history of colonization and intergenerational effects of trauma. This study was informed by social ecological theory and explored how young women in the NWT develop sexual subjectivity within the context of contraception use and access during this time of decolonization. A total of 41 participants (aged 13 to 17 years) attended the Fostering Open eXpression among Youth (FOXY) body-mapping intervention in six NWT communities and then completed semistructured interviews. Framework analysis identified barriers to the development of sexual subjectivity that included a culture of stigma and shame surrounding sexuality; pervasive alcohol use in communities; predatory behaviors by older men; poor quality sexual health education offered in schools; and issues with accessing health services. In addition, analysis identified the following facilitators: comprehensive sexual health education; widespread access to free condoms; and positive health support networks with female relatives, peers, and some teachers. Our findings suggest the need for multiple intervention strategies within a complex social ecological framework, including arts-based interventions that focus on developing self-esteem and self-efficacy of youth, combined with interpersonal interventions that strengthen communication skills among supportive adults, and community-level campaigns that target stigma reduction and shift cultural norms.

Action research improves services for child sexual abuse in one Caribbean nation: An example of good practice.

BACKGROUND: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a multi-dimensional problem. The search for best practice must consider the complexities surrounding CSA and its management in any particular society. OBJECTIVE: Data previously gathered from service providers on CSA service provision in Trinidad and Tobago identified key deficient issues in policy and practice. In this paper, researchers aimed to bridge the gaps identified, and effect changes to improve services for CSA using an action research methodology. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Service providers from all sectors in governmental and non-governmental organizations in Trinidad and Tobago, who work with children at risk of CSA were involved in the process. METHODS: Researchers led the service providers into an awareness of their own practice through critical discussion of, and reflection on, the key deficient issues. The new knowledge generated, with guided input from evidenced-based best practice, led to the development of guidelines for management. Discussion of the practicability of the guidelines by service providers in multiple sectors generated more new knowledge that refined the management approach. RESULTS: The contextual knowledge obtained from service providers resulted in best practice guidelines for service providers that were culturally relevant and context-sensitive, adaptive and implementable, and allowed a seamless multidisciplinary response to CSA in Trinidad and Tobago within prevailing constraints. CONCLUSIONS: Action research offers an effective approach to improve services for CSA through mobilization of service providers and changes in policy and practice. It is applicable in any setting and likely to be effective in any socio-cultural context.

[Sexuality and intercultural communication; stories from a general practice]. / Seksualiteit en interculturele communicatie.

Differences in ethnic background, culture, religion and language can impede communication between physicians and patients about sexuality. At the same time, most people, regardless of age, gender and cultural background, find sexuality an essential part of their lives. Sexual problems have a negative effect on perceived health. Many doctors think that non-Western migrants do not want to talk about sexuality and therefore - wrongly - do not mention this subject. With stories from daily practice, I want to show you that modesty, interest, respect, safety and appropriate information are the starting point for professional communication about sexuality. This is also the case for patients with non-Western ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds.

The challenges of becoming better sex educators for young people and the resources needed to get there: findings from focus groups with economically disadvantaged ethnic/racial minority parents.

The benefits of positive parent-adolescent relationships and effective communication on sexual risk have been demonstrated among minority parents and teenagers. However, there is need for illuminating how structural inequalities, such as economic disadvantage and being an ethnic/racial minority, shape parents' approaches to adolescent sexuality. Schalet's cultural framework describes White middle-income Dutch parents' 'normalization' (i.e. support for self-regulated sexuality, healthy relationships and normalization of teenage sexuality) versus White middle-income American parents' 'dramatization' (i.e. emphasis on raging hormones, battle between the sexes and pushing sex outside the home) of teenage sexuality, approaches which she argues contribute to differences in sexual health outcomes in the two countries. We adopt Schalet's framework to explore the approaches of 182 economically disadvantaged ethnic/racial minority parents attending 1 of 15 focus groups across New York State. The results revealed parents' dramatization of teenage sexuality, and how fears about their children's health and safety combined with a lack of resources and educational tools heightened this dramatization process. Yet parents identified communication skills and community resources to help them normalize teenage sexuality. The findings have the potential to inform policy makers and practitioners working to develop programs and policies to bolster parents' role as effective sex educators for adolescents.

Sexual Health Behavior and Mental Health Among Older African American Women: The Sistahs, Sexuality, and Mental Health Well-Being Project.

BACKGROUND: In Los Angeles County, the rates of sexually transmitted infections and diseases among African Americans represent a significant public health disparity. Older African American women are at particular risk as they are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors and report social isolation and loneliness than their younger counterparts. However, the literature on the relationship between sexual health and mental health in this group is limited. The purpose of this study was to use a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to better understand sexual health behaviors and mental health among African American women over 50 years of age who reside in South Los Angeles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This project was divided into two phases. Phase I (January-March 2017) of the project consisted of four dialog/focus groups (N = 45) (ages: 50-80; Mage = 67). The purpose of Phase II (April 2017) was to present study results from Phase I to the community via a community-based conference, as well as gather feedback and generate discussion about the next steps for community prevention/intervention. RESULTS: Women reported that they did not feel comfortable discussing sexual practices with their physician, partners, and friends. Most women identified depression, loneliness, and self-esteem issues as reasons for engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors. During Phase II, potential intervention avenues emerged to address issues such as lack of physician-patient communication, lack of community support, and dialogs about sex. CONCLUSIONS: The use of CBPR greatly enhanced our knowledge of the core issues surrounding sexual health and mental health among older African American women.

Culture and Sexuality: Cognitive-Emotional Determinants of Sexual Dissatisfaction Among Iranian and New Zealand Women.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that culture plays a fundamental role in individuals' beliefs, attitudes, and values toward sexuality, and influences their ability to enjoy sex. It follows that culture may influence sexual satisfaction or dissatisfaction. AIM: To examine and compare cognitive-emotional variables related to women's sexual dissatisfaction in Iran and New Zealand. METHODS: In total, 196 Iranian women and 207 New Zealand women participated in the study, answering questionnaires evaluating dysfunctional sexual beliefs, automatic thoughts, emotional and sexual response during sexual activity, as well as sexual satisfaction. OUTCOMES: Sexual beliefs were measured by the Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire, thoughts and emotional responses were measured by the Sexual Modes Questionnaire, and sexual satisfaction was measured by the Sexual Satisfaction Index. RESULTS: Findings indicated that in both Iranian and New Zealand women, failure and disengagement thoughts, lack of erotic thoughts, and emotions of fear during sexual activity were significant predictors of sexual dissatisfaction. Besides these common predictors, results also indicated that sexual conservatism and women's sexual passivity beliefs, sexual abuse thoughts, and fear during sexual activity were significant predictors of sexual dissatisfaction in Iranian women. Beliefs of sexual desire and pleasure as a sin; age-related beliefs; and emotions such as sadness, disillusion, and hurt were significant predictors of sexual dissatisfaction in New Zealand women. CLINICAL TRANSLATION: The present findings could facilitate a better understanding of cultural differences in the roles played by dysfunctional sexual beliefs, negative automatic thoughts, and negative emotions during sexual activity, and the value of these beliefs, thoughts, and emotions in predicting sexual dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The strength of this study is in providing an examination of the role of culturally bound beliefs in predicting sexual dissatisfaction in women from different cultural backgrounds. Limitations include the lack of evaluation of psychological and interpersonal variables that may impact on women's sexual dissatisfaction. These findings suggest that there may be a role of culture in shaping beliefs, attitudes, and values toward sexuality; and provide evidence for the effect of cognitive-emotional variables in predicting women's sexual dissatisfaction. Abdolmanafi A, Nobre P, Winter S, et al. Culture and Sexuality: Cognitive-Emotional Determinants of Sexual Dissatisfaction Among Iranian and New Zealand Women. J Sex Med 2018;15:687-697.

Te quiero...para una vez. Representaciones sociales del "sexo sin compromiso" en jóvenes mexicanos / Eu te quero...por uma vez. Rrepresentações sociais do "sexo sem compromisso" em jovens mexicanos / I want you...for once. Social representations of "casual sex" among young mexicans

Resumen Este artículo explora el campo semántico con el cual los jóvenes refieren y definen "sexo sin compromiso" (SSC) como objeto social, lo que permite identificar la estructura que subyace al contenido de la representación social de hombres y mujeres. El muestreo fue intencionado, se entrevistó y aplicó "listados libres" a 88 jóvenes. El análisis prototípico muestra que para quienes han tenido la experiencia de SSC, ésta representa un acto de decisión libre sobre su placer, y que las amistades se consideran parejas potenciales. En el caso de quienes no han tenido la experiencia, representa un acto sin pensar, que favorece los riesgos y la discriminación. Los hombres relacionan el SSC, principalmente, con "diversión" y "placer"; las mujeres, con "irresponsabilidad". Se discute sobre las normas sociales restrictivas que estigmatizan la práctica sexual, que evitan generar estrategias de cuidado y favorecen la violencia.

Resumo O estudo explora o campo semântico com o qual os jovens referem e definem "o sexo sem compromisso" (SSC) como um objeto social, o que permite identificar a estrutura subjacente ao conteúdo da representação social de homens e mulheres. A amostragem foi intencional, entrevistaram-se e aplicaram-se "listagens livres" para 88 jovens. A análise prototípica mostra que para aqueles que tiveram a experiência do SSC, essa prática representa um ato de decisão livre sobre o seu prazer e que as amizades são consideradas parceiros potenciais. No caso de quem não teve a experiência, representa um ato sem pensar que favorece os riscos e a discriminação. Os homens relacionam o SSC principalmente com "diversão" e "prazer"; as mulheres o relacionam com a "irresponsabilidade". Discute-se sobre as normas sociais restritivas que estigmatizam a prática sexual, evitam gerar estratégias de cuidados e favorecem a violência.

Abstract This study explores the semantic field with which young people refer to and define "casual sex" (CS) as a social object, identifying the structure underlying the content of the social representation of men and women. The sampling was intentional, with 88 interviews and "freelisting" with young people. The prototypical analysis show that for those who had the experience, this practice represents freedom of decision about their pleasure, and that friends are considered potential partners. In the case of those who did not have the experience, it represents a careless act, deemed risky and discriminated against. Men associate CS mainly with "fun" and "pleasure"; women associate it mostly to "irresponsibility". Restrictive social norms that stigmatize sexual practices, do not foster strategies of care and favor violence are discussed.

Sex With Chinese Characteristics: Sexuality Research in/on 21st-Century China.

This article examines the changing contours of Chinese sexuality studies by locating recent research in historical context. Our aim is to use the literature we review to construct a picture of the sexual landscape in China and the sociocultural and political conditions that have shaped it, enabling readers unfamiliar with China to understand its sexual culture and practices. In particular, we focus on the consequences of recent changes under the Xi regime for individuals' sexual lives and for research into sexuality. While discussing the social and political regulation of sexuality, we also attend to the emergence of new forms of gendered and sexual subjectivity in postsocialist China. We argue throughout that sexuality in China is interwoven with the political system in a variety of ways, in particular through the tension between neoliberal and authoritarian styles of governance. We explore normative and dissident sexualities as well as forms of sexual conduct that are officially "deviant" but nonetheless tolerated or even tacitly enabled by the party-state. In particular, we highlight the dilemmas and contradictions faced by China's citizens as they negotiate their sexual lives under "socialism with Chinese characteristics."

Psychiatry, Sex, and Science: The Making of "Adolescent" Motherhood in Southern Brazil.

Research linking teen motherhood to psychoneurodevelopmental causes and pathologies has proliferated in the past two decades. In Brazil, a psychodevelopmental project of teen motherhood has gained traction despite many experts' long-standing commitment to psychodynamic psychiatry and social epidemiology, generating epistemic tension rather than substitution. Drawing on historical ethnography conducted in Southern Brazil, I explore how this project materialized through the co-production of epistemic struggles, remedial interventions, and ontological politics. In showing how this co-production became interwoven with incremental changes in young women's emotions, sexualities, relationships, and bodies, I describe how one particular "kind" of teen motherhood emerged and became entangled with both psychiatric knowledge-production and the angst of working-class political agency. In giving women a contested psychiatric language with which to rework their social-moral worlds, I argue that science did more than conceptualize teen childbearing in pathological terms; it contributed to its troubled transformation.

Regulation and Resistance: Negotiation of Premarital Sexuality in the Context of Migrant and Refugee Women.

Constructions of normative sexuality shape the sexual scripts that women are permitted to adopt and the manner in which such sexuality can be expressed. We explored experiences and constructions of premarital sexuality among migrant and refugee women recently resettled in Sydney, Australia, and Vancouver, Canada. A total of 78 semistructured individual interviews and 15 focus groups composed of 82 participants were undertaken with women who had migrated from Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Sri Lanka, and South America. We analyzed the data using thematic decomposition. Across all cultural groups, women's premarital sexuality was regulated through cultural and religious discourse and material practice. Such regulation occurred across three main facets of women's lives, shaping the themes presented in this article: (1) regulating premarital sex-the virginity imperative; (2) regulation of relationships with men; and (3) regulation of the sexual body. These themes capture women's reproduction of dominant discourses of premarital sexuality, as well as women's resistance and negotiation of such discourses, both prior to and following migration. Identifying migrant and refugee women's experiences and constructions of premarital sexuality is essential for culturally safe sexual health practice, health promotion, and health education.