Ultrasonography Echotexture as a surrogate for Sialadenitis secondary to 131I Radioiodine Therapy for differentiated Thyroid Cancer: a review and metaanalysis.

To systematically review and analyze the medical literature to assess ultrasonography echotexture changes in thyroid cancer patients for the detection of chronic sialadenitis caused by radioiodine therapy. METHODS: Sources were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and LILACS through November 2018. All studies that assessed ultrasonographic features before 131I administration and at 12 months after 131I administration were selected. After data extraction, statistical analysis was performed by using Stata software. RESULTS: From a total of 435 studies, 4 studies involving 665 patients were considered eligible, and echotexture heterogeneity was found with a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound echotexture may detect chronic sialadenitis secondary to salivary radioiodine therapy.

Ultrasonography Echotexture as a surrogate for Sialadenitis secondary to 131I Radioiodine Therapy for differentiated Thyroid Cancer: a review and metaanalysis

To systematically review and analyze the medical literature to assess ultrasonography echotexture changes in thyroid cancer patients for the detection of chronic sialadenitis caused by radioiodine therapy. Methods: Sources were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and LILACS through November 2018. All studies that assessed ultrasonographic features before 131I administration and at 12 months after 131I administration were selected. After data extraction, statistical analysis was performed by using Stata software. Results: From a total of 435 studies, 4 studies involving 665 patients were considered eligible, and echotexture heterogeneity was found with a significant difference. Conclusions: Ultrasound echotexture may detect chronic sialadenitis secondary to salivary radioiodine therapy.

Salivary evaluation in radioactive I131 treated patients with thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: radioiodine treatment (I131) used to treat thyroid carcinomas produces side effects (sialadenitis, xerostomia, dysphagia and caries susceptibility) reflecting in a poor patient quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of I131 on salivary function and possible oral impairment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients undergoing I131 were submitted to oral examination, answer questions regarding xerostomia/hyposalivation and collect saliva at three moments (M1: 30-45 days before I131, M2: 1-2 days after I131 and M3: 7-10 days after treatment). Saliva was assayed for flow rate and calcium/phosphate concentrations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: significant difference in calcium/phosphate concentration was shown between M1 and M2, with evident decrease at M2. Flow rate reduced right after treatment with 41% of patients returning to previous rate at M3 (no statistical difference). A higher number of patients related xerostomia and difficulty in swallowing food at M2. The results showed that xerostomia/hyposalivation, dysphagia and calcium/phosphate concentration decrease may be considered early radioiodine side effects.

Enfermedad de Mikulicz: reporte de un caso / Mikulicz disease: a case report

La enfermedad de Mikulicz, descrita por Johann von Mikulicz-Radecki en 1888, constituye una patología benigna que compromete de manera simétrica las glándulas lagrimales y salivares. Su causa es desconocida; sin embargo, se ha asociado con el síndrome de Sjõgren, pero la patogénesis de ambas entidades es distinta. En el síndrome de Mikulicz se ha observado un aumento de la concentración sérica de IgG4 e infiltración linfocitaria en las glándulas salivales y lagrimales. En cuanto al tratamiento, se ha demostrado una adecuada respuesta a los glucocorticoides, sobre todo en estadios tempranos de la afección. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 31 años, con un curso de siete años de evolución, caracterizado por crecimiento indoloro y progresivo de las glándulas lagrimales y submaxilares, sin xerostomía ni xeroftalmia. El estudio histopatológico evidencia infiltración linfoproliferativa benigna compatible con enfermedad de Mikulicz.

Mikulicz’s disease was described by Johann Von Mikulicz-Radecki in 1888, it is a benign condition that involves symmetrically lacrimal and salivary glands, its etiology is unknown. It has been associated with Sjogren’s syndrome, being the pathogenesis of both diseases different. It has been observed in Mikulicz syndrome an increased serum IgG4 and infiltration of abundant plasmatic cells in lacrimal and salivary glands. It has shown an adequate response to glucocorticoids especially in early stages of the disease. We report a case of a female patient 31 years old, with an evolution of 7 years of painless, progressive growth of the lacrimal glands and submaxillary gland without xerostomia or xerophthalmia. Histopathological examination shows benign lymphoproliferative infiltration compatible with Mikulicz disease.

Late side effects of radioactive iodine on salivary gland function in patients with thyroid cancer.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the late side effects of radioiodine therapy (RIT) on salivary gland function. One hundred eighty two patients were evaluated. METHODS: Assessment of salivary gland function was performed with salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS), sialometry, and subjective open questions to determine common side effects of RIT on salivary gland function. RESULTS: RIT had a strong association with decreased elimination counts by SGS. Patient age was the only variable associated with sialometry; age and the use of xerostomic drugs were strongly associated with decreased mean values of salivary flow. Dysphagia was strongly associated with RIT. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, age was determined to be an important factor associated with salivary gland dysfunction, and RIT was associated with impairment of saliva excretion. CONCLUSION: These results show that patients subjected to RIT have more difficulty in draining saliva, mainly from the parotid glands, which is associated with clinical dysphagia in this subset of patients.

Cheilitis glandularis: a clinicopathological study in 22 patients.

BACKGROUND: Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a condition in which thick saliva is secreted by minor labial salivary glands and adheres to a swollen lip causing discomfort to the patient. Most publications refer to single case reports or small case series. OBJECTIVE: We sought to report and to analyze clinical, pathological, and therapeutic data on 22 patients with CG seen at the department of dermatology at our university. METHOD: Retrospective data about 22 patients with CG are reviewed and presented. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were male and 5 were female. All were fair skinned, including 6 albino individuals. Several of them presented significant signs of photodamage on the lips. Surgical treatment was performed in 10 severely affected patients and consisted of a vermilionectomy followed by minor salivary gland removal. Histopathological study revealed various degrees of chronic sialadenitis and vermilion epithelial changes. Superficially invasive and in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the vermilion was detected in 3 cases. LIMITATIONS: Biopsy and surgery were not performed in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: CG is strongly related to sun sensitivity and may be more severe in albino patients. The swollen, sun-exposed lip may become more susceptible to the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma.

Acute postsurgical suppurative parotitis: current prevalence at Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School.

Postsurgical acute suppurative parotitis is a bacterial gland infection that occurs from a few days up to some weeks after abdominal surgical procedures. In this study, the authors analyze the prevalence of this complication in Hospital das Clínicas/São Paulo University Medical School by prospectively reviewing the charts of patients who underwent surgeries performed by the gastroenterological and general surgery staff from 1980 to 2005. Diagnosis of parotitis or sialoadenitis was analyzed. Sialolithiasis and chronic parotitis previous to hospitalization were exclusion criteria. In a total of 100,679 surgeries, 256 patients were diagnosed with parotitis or sialoadenitis. Nevertheless, only three cases of acute postsurgical suppurative parotitis associated with the surgery were identified giving an incidence of 0.0028%. All patients presented with risk factors such as malnutrition, immunosuppression, prolonged immobilization and dehydration. In the past, acute postsurgical suppurative parotitis was a relatively common complication after major abdominal surgeries. Its incidence decreased as a consequence of the improvement of perioperative antibiotic therapy and postoperative support. In spite of the current low incidence, we believe it is important to identify risks and diagnose as quick as possible, in order to introduce prompt and appropriate therapeutic measures and avoid potentially fatal complications with the evolution of the disease.

Acute postsurgical suppurative parotitis: current prevalence at Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School / Parotidite aguda pós-cirúgica: prevalência atual no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo

Postsurgical acute suppurative parotitis is a bacterial gland infection that occurs from a few days up to some weeks after abdominal surgical procedures. In this study, the authors analyze the prevalence of this complication in Hospital das Clínicas/São Paulo University Medical School by prospectively reviewing the charts of patients who underwent surgeries performed by the gastroenterological and general surgery staff from 1980 to 2005. Diagnosis of parotitis or sialoadenitis was analyzed. Sialolithiasis and chronic parotitis previous to hospitalization were exclusion criteria. In a total of 100,679 surgeries, 256 patients were diagnosed with parotitis or sialoadenitis. Nevertheless, only three cases of acute postsurgical suppurative parotitis associated with the surgery were identified giving an incidence of 0.0028 percent. All patients presented with risk factors such as malnutrition, immunosuppression, prolonged immobilization and dehydration. In the past, acute postsurgical suppurative parotitis was a relatively common complication after major abdominal surgeries. Its incidence decreased as a consequence of the improvement of perioperative antibiotic therapy and postoperative support. In spite of the current low incidence, we believe it is important to identify risks and diagnose as quick as possible, in order to introduce prompt and appropriate therapeutic measures and avoid potentially fatal complications with the evolution of the disease.

A parotidite supurativa pós-cirúrgica é infecção bacteriana da glândula que ocorre poucos dias até algumas semanas após procedimento cirúrgico. Os autores analisam a prevalência desta complicação cirúrgica nos últimos 25 anos do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo. Foram analisados os prontuários das cirurgias realizadas pelos serviços de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo e Cirurgia Geral da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo no período de 1980 a 2005, num total de 106790 cirurgias. Todos os prontuários que apresentaram entre os diagnósticos das altas complicações cirúrgicas, parotidite ou sialoadenite foram avaliados. Foram identificados 256 prontuários. Pacientes com outras complicações, ou que já apresentavam sialolitíase ou parotidite crônica anterior à internação foram excluídos do estudo. Foram identificados apenas três casos de parotidite aguda supurativa pós-cirúrgica, revelando incidência de 0,0028 por cento. A parotidite supurativa pós-cirúrgica foi complicação relativamente comum de grandes cirurgias abdominais no passado, com acentuada redução atual da sua incidência decorrente da antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro, além de preparação pré-operatória adequada e suporte pós-operatório dos pacientes. Apesar da baixa incidência atual, consideramos importante identificar seus fatores de risco, assim como realizar diagnóstico precoce, conduta terapêutica apropriada para evitar complicações letais associadas a esta infecção.

Sialoadenites: revisão de literatura sobre a etiologia, o diagnóstico e o tratamento / Sialadenitis: literature review regarding the etiology, diagnosis and treatment

As sialoadenites constituem um conjunto de doenças inflamatórias das glândulas salivares caracterizadas geralmente por edema e sintomatologia dolorosa. O processo inflamatório, que pode ser tanto agudo quanto crônico, acomete principalmente idosos, porém esta condição também é relatada em todas as idades. A sialoadenite tem sido tradicionalmente considerada como uma infecção bacteriana retrógrada ascendente via ducto salivar em direção ao parênquima glandular, no entanto, a inflamação pode ter origem a partir de diversas causas, infecciosas ou não. As sialoadenites causam considerável morbidade para o paciente e, portanto, requerem avaliação cuidadosa com o intuito de se prover um tratamento adequado. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a etiologia, as características clínicas, o diagnóstico e as formas atuais de tratamento das condições inflamatórias das glândulas salivares maiores.

Sialoadenite após terapia ablativa com altas doses de radioiodo no tratamento do carcinoma diferenciado de tireóide / Sialoadenitis post-ablative therapy with high dose of radioiodine for treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer

Oitenta e três pacientes que receberam 3,7GBq (100mCi) ou 7,4GBq (200mCi) de I-131 após a tireoidectomia total para carcinoma de tireóide foram avaliados clínica e laboratorialmente (dosagem da amilase sérica), seguida da varredura pós-dose. A sialoadenite foi definida na presença de hiperamilasemia (> 200U/L). Onze (13,25 por cento) pacientes referiram dor local espontânea ou à mastigação após o tratamento. Observou-se hiperamilasemia em 31 (37,3 por cento) pacientes no segundo dia pós-tratamento. No sétimo dia, houve normalização da amilase em todos. A sialoadenite sintomática foi maior nos pacientes com captação cervical residual que receberam 7,4GBq (70 por cento). A captação em topografia de glândulas salivares esteve presente em 93,5 por cento dos casos de sialoadenite (p < 0,05). Observou-se correlação estatisticamente significante entre ausência de metástase à distância e maior incidência de sialoadenite (p < 0,05). Não houve correlação entre sialoadenite e massa remanescente cervical ou com a dose de I-131 administrada, atribuída ao tamanho da amostra. A sialoadenite pós-terapia ablativa em altas doses é uma complicação relativamente comum, com baixa repercussão clínica, sendo a ausência de metástases à distância um fator diretamente relacionado com o seu aparecimento.

[Sialoadenitis following ablative therapy with high doses of radioiodine for treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer]. / Sialoadenite após terapia ablativa com altas doses de radioiodo no tratamento do carcinoma diferenciado de tireóide.

We analyzed eight-three patients who received 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) or 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) after total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. This study consisted in clinical and lab analysis (amylase serum level), followed by iodine whole body scan. The sialoadenitis was defined by hyperamylasemia (> 200 U/L). Eleven (13.25%) patients referred spontaneous local pain or after mastication post I 131 ablative therapy. Hyperamylasemia was detected in 31 (37.3%) patients in the second day after treatment. After seven days, serum amylase levels were in normal values in all patients. The symptomatic sialoadenitis was detected more frequently in patients with residual cervical uptake who received I-131 7.4 GBq (70%). The uptake in topography of salivary glands was present in 93.5% of sialoadenitis cases (p < 0.05). Significant statistical correlation was detected between absent of distance metastases and higher incidence of sialoadenitis (p < 0.05). No correlation was demonstrated between this complication and cervical remnants or I-131 dose administered. The sialoadenitis post high dose ablative therapy is a relative common complication with low clinical repercussion. The absent of distance metastases is directly correlated to this complication.

Uncommon histopathological findings in fatal measles infection: pancreatitis, sialoadenitis and thyroiditis.

AIMS: We report uncommon histopathological findings in fatal measles infection. METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe the autopsies of four patients who died during a measles outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil, in 1997. Two of the patients were children receiving chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, one was an adult with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the fourth was an apparently healthy woman. All patients had their deaths attributed to measles pneumonia. The autopsies revealed extensive giant cell pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage, severe acute pancreatitis, necrotizing sialoadenitis and thyroiditis due to measles. Measles antigen was detected in lung tissue using a monoclonal anti-measles antibody. CONCLUSIONS: : Pancreatitis, thyroiditis and sialoadenitis are not previously reported histopathological findings in measles infection. Pancreatitis is a potentially severe complication and should be considered when treating patients with atypical measles.

Anorexia y bulimia nerviosa. Aspectos odontológicos / Anorexia and nervous bulimia. Dental aspects

Estos trastornos del comportamiento alimentario se escapan cada vez con mayor frecuencia al examen clínico dental, por el aumento en el número de casos que en la actualidad se presentan, es imperativo el conocimiento y la capacitación en cuanto a cómo este tipo de desórdenes alimentarios de naturaleza psiquiátrica inciden y modifican la práctica dental rutinaria desde aspectos psicológicos y conductuales del paciente, hasta manifestaciones clínicas específicas que suponen un reacomodo de las prioridades preventivas y terapéuticas en odontología. Por la temprana edad promedio en la que estos pacientes acuden a la condulta, el dentista juega un rol importante en la detección y diagnóstico oportuno de esto padecimientos que usualmente son manejados tardíamente en las clínicas psiquiátricas varios años después. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica general de estos dos trastornos, exponiendo aspectos generales del síndrome y relativos a la repercusión que tienen en los dientes y demás tejidos bucales, como parte integral de estos trastornos y no como entidades aisladas, así como los recursos terapéuticos que existen para su manejo odontológico