Bola fúngica de cavidades paranasales: serie de casos / Fungus ball of the paranasal sinuses: case series

RESUMEN Introducción La bola fúngica (BF) es una sinusitis fúngica no invasiva, con acumulación extramucosa de conglomerados densos de hifas de hongos en cavidades paranasales (CPN), afectando generalmente a mujeres inmunocompetentes. Objetivo Describir la presentación cínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento de una serie de pacientes con diagnóstico de BF de CPN. Material y método Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico de BF sometidos a cirugía endoscópica nasal (CEN) en nuestra institución entre 2010 y 2016. Resultados Se incluyeron 20 pacientes (15 mujeres, 5 hombres), con edad promedio al diagnóstico de 64 años (35-86 años), la mayoría inmunocompetente (85%). El síntoma más frecuente fue dolor facial (8/20). Todos los pacientes fueron estudiados con tomografia computarizada (TC) de CPN, presentando calcificaciones en 70%. La ubicación más frecuente fue el seno maxilar (12/20) y luego esfenoidal (6/20). Se realizó CEN en todos los pacientes, combinándolo con Caldwell Luc en 3 de ellos. Los cultivos intraoperatorios resultaron negativos en el 75% de los pacientes. Conclusión La BF tiene presentación cínica inespecifica. Se sospecha en base a hallazgos imagenológicos en la TC de CPN y se confirma histopatológicamente, dado el bajo rendimiento de los cultivos. La CEN es la herramienta diagnóstico-terapéutica de elección, con baja tasa de recidiva local.

ABSTRACT Introduction A fungus ball (FB) is a non-invasive fungal sinusitis, consisting of extramucosal accumulation of dense fungal hyphae conglomerates, located in paranasal sinuses. It generally affects immunocompetent women. Aim To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment in a series of patients diagnosed with FB of paranasal sinuses. Material and method Retrospective descriptive study regarding all patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of FB, who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in our institution between 2010 and 2016. Results Twenty patients (15 women, 5 men) were included, with a mean age at diagnosis of 64 years (35-86 years). Most were immunocompetent (85%). Facial pain was the most frequent symptom (8/20). All patients were studied with a sinus CT, finding paranasal calcifications in 70%. It predominantly involved the maxillary (12/20), and sphenoid sinus (6/20). All patients were treated with ESS, with a combined Caldwell Luc approach in only 3 of them. Intraoperative cultures were negative in 75% of patients. Conclusions Sinus FB has a non-specific clinical presentation. CT findings help suspect it, and it is confirmed with a histopathological study, given the poor efficiency of cultures. ESS is the diagnostic-therapeutic procedure of choice, with a low local recurrence rate.

Unilateral isolated sphenoid sinusitis with contralateral abducens nerve palsy - A rare complication treated in a low-resource setting.

BACKGROUND: Unilateral isolated sphenoid sinus disease (ISSD) is a rare diagnosis of the paranasal sinuses that can be associated with complications involving vascular, neurologic, and optic structures in close proximity. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62 year old female presented to a hospital in Georgetown, Guyana with right lateral rectus palsy, diplopia, and a severe progressively worsening headache. CT scan revealed an opaque left sphenoid sinus consistent with unilateral ISSD. A transnasal sphenoidotomy was performed without complication under local anesthetic in the absence of endoscopic guidance. The patient's headache resolved immediately after surgery while the diplopia and lateral rectus palsy resolved completely after 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: We present a rare complication of ISSD and highlight challenges associated with diagnosis and management of ISSD in a resource-limited setting. This is the second reported case of unilateral ISSD with contralateral lateral rectus palsy in the literature.

Esfenoidite micótica crônica em paciente imunocompetente: perda visual como sintoma inicial / Chronic sphenoidal mycotic sinusitis in a immunocompetent patient: unilateral visual loss as the initial symptom

Os autores apresentam uma manifestaçäo de um caso de sinusite fúngica em uma paciente imunocompetente, näo diabética, com 46 anos de idade. A paciente apresentou como manifestaçäo inicial perda súbita da acuidade visual à esquerda, sem associaçäo com proptose, sintomas nasais ou sinusais. O exame tomográfico mostrou aspecto compatível com sinusite crônica e reduçäo das dimensöes do canal do nervo óptico, por esclerose óssea (periostite), à esquerda. O exame fibroscópico revelou abaulamento da parede anterior do seio esfenoidal esquerdo. Tratamento clínico com antibióticos e corticóides näo resultou em melhora da visäo. Foi realizado tratamento cirúrgico com retirada de micetoma e aeraçäo do seio esfenoidal esquerdo. Näo houve complicaçäo pós-operatória, sendo a paciente tratada com Cetaconazol e Prednisona. O exame histopatológico foi sugestivo de Aspergillus. Follow-up clínico, tomográfico e endoscópico foi realizado e após dois anos näo se observou doença residual, com melhora visual de aproximadamente 70 por cento

[Treatment of sphenoethmoidal sinus disease with optic nerve compression by way of nasal endoscopy: report of a case]. / Tratamento da sinusopatia esfenoetmoidal com compressão do nervo óptico por via endoscópica nasal: relato de caso.

Esphenoetmoidal diseases when complicated may present serious diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. A case of esphenoetmoidal mucocele compressing the optic nerve, treated with marsupialization by endoscopic intranasal way, is reported. The literature concerning the subject is commented.