Protective effect of polysaccharides isolated from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. on 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in mice

Purpose: To evaluate the protective effect of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. polysaccharides (PCCL) on 5-fluorouracil-(5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis (IM) in mice. Methods: PCCL was orally administered at a dose of 20 mg·kg­1 for 7 days and its protective effect on 5-FU-induced IM (5-FU, 50 mg·kg­1 for 5 days) was evaluated by monitoring changes in body weight, degree of diarrhea, levels of tissue inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1ß levels), apoptosis rates, and the expression levels of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2. Results: The severity of mucosal injury (as reflected by body weight changes, degree of diarrhea, height of villi, and damage to crypts) was significantly attenuated by PCCL administration. PCCL also reduced the levels of tissue inflammatory factors, the apoptosis rate, and the expression of caspase-3 and Bax, and increased Bcl-2 expression. Conclusions: PCCL administration may be significantly protective against 5-FU-induced IM by inhibiting apoptosis and regulating the abnormal inflammation associated with it.

The effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza in a mouse model of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome induced by Gynura segetum

Background and aims: to investigate the potential effect and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in Gynura segetum-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS). Methods: the mice were gavaged with PBS, Gynura segetum or Gynura segetum, along with 100 or 200 mg/kg Salvia miltiorrhiza. Histological scoring and liver function were performed. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alfa), vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and nuclear transcription factor P65 (NF-κBp65) were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. Results: liver function were effectively improved in the Salvia miltiorrhiza groups. The levels of TNF-alfa, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and NF-κBp65 were significantly lower in the Salvia miltiorrhiza groups than in the Gynura segetum group. Conclusions: Salvia miltiorrhiza has a therapeutic effect on Gynura segetum-induced HSOS

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Efecto de los compuestos fenólicos en el metabolismo de los carbohidratos / Effect of phenolic compounds on carbohydrate metabolism

Fundamentos: Una dieta basada en alimentos y bebidas con alto contenido en azúcar y almidón digestible se considera un factor de riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles tales como obesidad y diabetes tipo 2. El objetivo es resumir las evidencias disponibles sobre la efectividad de los compuestos fenólicos en el metabolismo de carbohidratos y en la reducción del riesgo y el tratamiento de estas patologías. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica mediante los sistemas de búsqueda PubMed y WOS para la identificación de compuestos fenólicos con efecto en el metabolismo de carbohidratos y las patologías metabólicas relacionadas. Resultados: Los compuestos fenólicos actúan a diferentes niveles: vía formación de complejos compuesto fenólico-carbohidrato, vía inhibición enzimática, modulación del transporte y regulación de la liberación de hormonas relacionadas con el metabolismo de los carbohidratos. Su efectividad puede ser igual o superior a la de fármacos utilizados comúnmente en el tratamiento de la diabetes, sin los efectos secundarios que se asocian a estos últimos. Conclusiones: Los flavonoides son los compuestos fenólicos de la dieta que podrían ser más efectivos en la regulación del metabolismo de carbohidratos. Estos pueden inhibir enzimas, modular transportadores; así como, estimular la secreción de hormonas de saciedad

Background: A diet based on foods and beverages with high sugar content and digestible starch is considered a risk factor of non-communicable chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim is to summarize the evidence available on the effect of phenolic compounds in the metabolism of carbohydrates and in the reduction of risk and treatment of these pathologies. Methods: Literature search using PubMed and WOS as search systems for the identification of phenolic compounds with an effect on carbohydrate metabolism and related metabolic pathologies. Results: Phenolic compounds act at different levels: via complex formation of phenolic-carbohydrate compounds, via enzymatic inhibition, modulation of transporters and regulation of the release of hormones related to carbohydrate metabolism. Their effectiveness may be equal or superior to that of drugs commonly used in the treatment of diabetes, but without the side effects that are associated with the latter. Conclusions: Flavonoids are the phenolic compounds found in diet that are effective in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. They can inhibit enzymes, modulate transporters; as well as, stimulate the secretion of satiety hormones

Carbohydrate intake results in lower suppression of salivary immunoglobulin A in judokas / La ingesta de carbohidratos induce una menor supresión de la inmunoglobulina A salival en yudocas / Ingestão de carboidrato resulta em menor supressão da imunoglobulina A salivar em judocas

Objective. This study investigated the salivary immunoglobulin A response to carbohydrate supplementation during judo training. Method. Sixteen judokas were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: Carbohydrate solution and Placebo solution in a double-blind design. Saliva samples were collected at rest, immediately after the training session and 1h after the training session. Results. The concentration of the salivary immunoglobulin A decreased during the training session in both conditions (p=0.0002) as well as at 1h after the training session in the placebo solution condition (p=0.035). The rate of salivary flow decreased during the training session in the placebo solution condition (p=0.04). Conclusion. Carbohydrate solution consumption during training session did not affect the athletes oral immunity, however, in the recovery period an upper-respiratory tract protection was observed (AU)

Objetivo. El presente estudio investigó la respuesta de la inmunoglobulina A salival a la suplementación de hidrato de carbono durante el entrenamiento de judo. Método. Dieceiséis yudocas fueron asignados de forma aleatoria a una de dos condiciones: solución de carbohidratos y solución de placebo en un diseño doble ciego. Las muestras de saliva fueron recogidas en reposo, inmediatamente después de la sesión de entrenamiento y una hora después de la sesión de entrenamiento. Resultados. La concentración de inmunoglobulina A salival disminuyó durante la sesión de entrenamiento en ambas condiciones (p=0.0002), al igual que una hora después de la sesión de entrenamiento en la condición de solución de placebo (p=0.035). La tasa de flujo salival decreció durante la sesión de entrenamiento en la condición de solución de placebo (p=0.04). Conclusión. El consumo de la solución de carbohidratos durante la sesión de entrenamiento no afectó a la inmunidad oral de los atletas; sin embargo, en el período de recuperación se observó una protección del tracto respiratorio superior (AU)

Objetivo. O presente estudo investigou a resposta imunoglobulina A Salivar frente a suplementação de carboidrato durante o treino de judô. Método. Dezesseis judocas foram aleatoriamente randomizados, em delineamento duplo-cego nas condições: solução carboidrato e solução placebo. Para mensuração da imunoglobulina A Salivar, a saliva foi coletada no início da sessão de treino, imediatamente após o término e uma hora após o término (1-h Pós-E). Resultados. A concentração de imunoglobulina A Salivar diminuiu logo após o treino, independente da solução (p=0.0002). No momento uma hora apos o termino frente ao imediatamente apos o termino, houve menor concentração de imunoglobulina A Salivar somente para a condição solução placebo (p=0.035). A taxa de fluxo salivar diminuiu significativamente somente na condição solução placebo (p=0.04). Conclusão. A Ingestão de solução carboidrato durante a sessão de treino não impediu a imunodepressão da imunoglobulina A Salivar de judocas imediatamente após o treino, mas exerceu proteção à imunidade do trato respiratório superior 1-h após (AU)

Papel del tabaquismo en la colitis ulcerosa: ¿el hábito tabáquico protege del desarrollo de la enfermedad? / Role of smoking habit in ulcerative colitis: does smoking habit protect the development of the disease?

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The potential roles of bacteria to improve radiation treatment outcome

Many combined therapies have been proposed to enhance radiotherapy outcome, but they have several limitations. As a new feasible strategy, combination of radiotherapy with bacteria showed a significant positive impact on the tumor treatment and metastasis inhibition. Although probiotic bacteria and radiotherapy alone can be effective in the treatment of different cancers, the combination of these two therapies seems to enhance therapeutic outcome and is cost-effective. Bacterial cells can act as therapeutic/gene/drug delivery vehicles as well as theranostic agents. In this communication, we reviewed current evidences, studies, suggestions, and future-based directions on combination of radiotherapy and bacteria. In another sections, an overview on tumor hypoxia, bacteria in cancer therapy, and combination of radiotherapy and bacteria is presented. A brief overview on trials and animal studies which used bacteria to protect normal tissues against radiotherapy-induced complications is also included (AU)

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Influence of the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy in the development of wheezing and eczema in infants in Pamplona, Spain

Background: This study examined the relationship between different food groups and the adherence to a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and the risk of wheezing and eczema in children aged 12-15 months. Methods: The study involves 1087 Spanish infants from the International Study of Wheezing in Infants (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes, EISL). The study of the association of the different food consumption and Mediterranean diet with wheezing, recurrent wheezing and eczema was performed using different models of unconditional logistic regression to obtain adjusted prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: No association was found between a good adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and the development of wheezing (p = 0.372), recurrent wheezing (p = 0.118) and eczema (p = 0.315). The consumption once or twice a week of white fish (OR: 1.95[1.01-3.75]), cooked potatoes (OR: 1.75[1.22-2.51]) and industrial pastry (OR: 1.59[1.13-2.24]), and the consumption more than three times a week of industrial pastry (OR: 1.47 [1.01-2.13]) during pregnancy increases the risk of "wheezing" at 12 months. Instead, high fruit consumption during the pregnancy has a protective effect against "wheezing" in 12-month-old infants (OR: 0.44 [0.20-0.99]). No statistically significant differences were observed between food intake during pregnancy and "recurrent wheezing". No statistically significant differences were observed between the consumption of any food during pregnancy and the presence of eczema at 12 months. Conclusions: The present study showed that the consumption of Mediterranean diet during pregnancy did not have a protective effect for wheezing, recurrent wheezing or eczema (AU)

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Protective effects of silymarin on methotrexate-induced damages in rat testes

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of silymarin (SMN), an antioxidant, on methotrexate (MTX)-induced damage in rat testes. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): control, MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p. on days 1 and 5), SMN (200 mg/kg, orally), and MTX + SMN (20 mg/kg, i.p. on days 1 and 5 and SMN 200 mg/kg orally) groups. At the end of the 6-week trial period, histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and spermatological analyses were performed on testes tissues. Histopathologically, MTX-induced damage, including depletion of germ cell and loos of spermatozoa, was significantly improved with SMN treatment. Immunohistochemically, the immunoreactivity of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were detected more intensely in the MTX + SMN group than in the MTX group. Biochemical examinations revealed that SMN supplementation decreased the lipid peroxidation and increased enzymatic antioxidants in the SMN-treated rats. Spermatologically, significant differences were found in the density, motility, dead-to-live sperm ratio, and abnormal sperm rate in the MTX + SMN group compared to the MTX group. In conclusion, SMN seems to have protective effects as an antioxidant against MTX-induced damage in rat testes.

The influence of microorganisms in allergic diseases

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The protective role of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein in childhood asthma

Background: Helicobacter pylori quantity and HP-NAP gene expression were evaluated in the faeces of healthy and asthmatic children. Methods: H. pylori DNAs and RNAs were isolated from the stool samples of 92 asthmatic children (AC; 3-8 years) and 88 healthy controls (HC). Quantitative PCR was used to determine the quantity of H. pylori and HP-NAP expression relative to the 16S rRNA (reference gene). Gene expression was analysed using the delta delta-Ct method. Results: H. pylori DNA was detected in the stool samples of 18 (20.4%) of the 88 HC (p < 0.0001, OR = 0.79) and none of AC. No meaningful statistical differences were found between individuals with positive and negative family histories for asthma in AC and HC (p > 0.05). H. pylori quantity was higher in seven of 18 H. pylori-positive samples, but HP-NAP expression levels were low in four of these seven samples. Based on a multivariate logistic regression analysis of these three variables together, only males displayed a significant difference based on gender differences (p < 0.02) and it was determined that, based on the OR value of 0.46 and the 95% CI range of 0.241-0.888, male gender was an independent protective factor in asthma. Conclusions: HP-NAP levels vary to the relative concentrations of bacteria in the stationary or late logarithmic phases. Different napA expression levels may be caused by different endogenous napA gene expression or different environmental conditions (AU)

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Mechanisms of Endothelial Protection by Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fruit and Vegetables

ABSTRACT The endothelium is fundamental for the regulation of vascular tone and structure. Under disease conditions, including the presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, the endothelium loses its protective role and becomes a proatherosclerotic structure. In this article we searched for strategies from PUBMED and Science Direct databases using the following key words: endothelium, natural bioactive compounds, polyphenols and cardiovascular diseases. The search was restricted to english language papers. Studies have identified the contribution of diet to the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. In this context, high intakes of fruit and vegetables are associated with the decrease of cardiovascular diseases. Thus the most important fruit/vegetables and bioactive compounds to prevent endothelial diseases are berries, apples, virgin olive oil, tomatoes, soybeans, and polyphenols, carotenoids and unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. The bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetables provide endothelial protection through the following mechanisms: improved eNOS/NO bioavailability, attenuates oxidative stress, inhibited NF-κB pathway and decreased cell adhesion molecules expression. In this article natural bioactive compound mechanisms of endothelium protection are thoroughly reviewed.

Alcachofra (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori): alimento funcional e fonte de compostos promotores da saúde / Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori): functional food and a source of health promoters compounds

A cultura da alcachofra (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori) tem sido bastante difundida como alimento funcional e fonte de compostos promotores da saúde. É uma planta nativa da bacia do mediterrâneo, onde se encontra 70% da área total cultivada no mundo, possui porte herbáceo, com caule simples e estriado, folhas sésseis, inflorescência do tipo capítulo, com flores tubuladas, hermafroditas e de simetria radial. Os frutos são do tipo aquênios. A alcachofra é de dia longo com fotoperíodo crítico de 10.5 horas, a qual pode ser propagada de forma sexual (sementes) e assexual (rebentos). As partes comestíveis são as mais ricas em compostos promotores da saúde como polifenóis, inulina, fibras e minerais, portanto, entre as várias aplicações da alcachofra citam-se sua atividade hepatoprotetora, anticarcinogênica, antimicrobiana, antifúngica, antiflamatória, probiótica, atuando também na redução do colesterol.(AU)

Artichoke cultivation (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori) has been widespread as a functional food source and a source of health promoting compounds. It is a native plant of the Mediterranean basin, where it is 70% of the total area cultivated in the world, has herbaceous bearing, with simple and striated stem, sessile leaves, inflorescence of the chapter type, with tubular flowers, hermaphrodite flowers and radial symmetry , The fruits are of the achenes type. The artichoke is a long day with a critical photoperiod of 10.5 hours, which can be propagated sexually (seeds) and asexual (shoots). The edible parts are the richest in health promoting compounds such as polyphenols, inulin, fibers and minerals. Therefore, among the various applications of the artichoke there is mention of its hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and probiotic activity, of cholesterol.(AU)

Mediterranean diet adherence and prostate cancer risk / Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y cáncer de próstata

Background: Countries following the traditional Mediterranean Diet, particularly Southern European countries, have lower prostate cancer incidence and mortality compared to other European regions. The beneficial effect has been attributed to a specific eating pattern. Objective: The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence to date on the effects of adherence to a Mediterranean Diet on prostate cancer risk; and to identify which elements of the Mediterranean diet are likely to protect against prostate cancer. Methods: The search for articles came from extensive research in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. We used the search terms 'Mediterranean diet', 'adherence', 'fruit and vegetable', 'olive oil', 'fish' 'legume', 'cereal' 'alcohol' 'milk', 'dairy product', 'prostate cancer', and combinations, such as 'Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer' or 'Olive oil and prostate cancer'. Results: There is strong evidence supporting associations between foods that are typical of a Mediterranean eating pattern and reduced prostate cancer risk. However, there are few studies that have assessed the effect of the Mediterranean diet on cancer prostate incidence. Recent data do not support associations to adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and risk of prostate cancer or disease progression. However, Mediterranean eating pattern after diagnosis of nonmetastatatic cancer was associated with lower overall mortality. Conclusion: Further large-scale studies are required to clarify the effect of Mediterranean diet on prostate health, in order to establish the role of this diet in the prevention of prostate cáncer (AU)

Introducción: Los países del sur de Europa, tienen una menor incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer de próstata en comparación con otras regiones europeas. Este efecto beneficioso se ha atribuido a un patrón de alimentación específica. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión es examinar la evidencia sobre los efectos de la adhesión a la dieta mediterránea en el riesgo de cáncer de próstata; e identificar que componentes de la dieta mediterránea protegen contra el cáncer de próstata. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura científica utilizando las siguientes base de datos: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Utilizamos los términos de búsqueda 'dieta mediterránea', 'adhesión', 'frutas y verduras', 'aceite de oliva', 'pescado' 'legumbres', 'cereal' 'alcohol' 'leche', 'producto lácteo', 'cáncer de próstata', y combinaciones, tales como 'dieta mediterránea y cáncer de próstata' o 'aceite de oliva y cáncer de próstata'. Resultados: Existe una fuerte evidencia que soporta una asociación entre alimentos que son típicos de un patrón de alimentación mediterránea y un menor riesgo de cáncer de próstata. Sin embargo, son pocos los estudios que han evaluado el efecto de la dieta mediterránea sobre la incidencia del cáncer de próstata. Los datos recientes no apoyan una asociación entre el seguimiento de este tipo de dieta y el riesgo de cáncer de próstata o su progresión. Sin embargo, un patrón de alimentación mediterránea después del diagnóstico de cáncer no metastásico se ha asociado con una disminución de la mortalidad global. Conclusión: Se requieren más estudios a gran escala para aclarar el efecto de la dieta mediterránea sobre la salud prostática, con el fin de establecer su papel en la prevención de cáncer de próstata (AU)

HLA-DPA1*/DPB1* en asociación con leucemias linfoides agudas y leucemias mieloides crónicas en mestizos venezolanos / HLA-DPA1*/DPB1* in association with acute lymphoid leukemias and chronic myeloid leukemias patients in Venezuelan twins

Hoy conocemos algo más de la participación de la región HLA-DP en la patogénesis de las leucemias gracias a varios estudios demostrando la injerencia temprana de estas moléculas en la modulación de la respuesta inmunitaria frente a patógenos. Para la evaluación de alelos y haplotipos HLA-DPA1*/DPB1* (28 alelos del locus HLA-DPA1* y 123 alelos HLA-DPB1*) se utilizó PCR SSPTM Olerup (Genovision) en 48 pacientes con LLA, 48 con LMC y 48 controles mestizos venezolanos. Para la asociación HLA/leucemias se tomó el riesgo relativo (RR) > 3 como positivo y negativo RR < 3, con una p corregida < 0,05. Pacientes LLA confirmaron asociaciones positivas con el alelo DPA1*0105 y negativa con el alelo DPA1*010301-010302. Además, resultaron asociados positivamente DPA1*0106 y *0107; DPA1*020101-020106 se asoció negativamente con la LLA. DPA1*0105, *0108 y *0109 resultaron asociados negativamente con la LMC. Las frecuencias observadas de los alelos HLA-DPB1*01:01, 02:01, 03:01, 04:01 y 04:02 en los controles mestizos venezolanos ubicadas entre 7 y 16% fueron superiores a las de pacientes leucémicos. Se confinaron asociaciones negativas de los alelos DPB1*02:01 y DPB1*03:01 con las LLA. No se observaron asociaciones positivas con las LLA. DPB1*99:01 se asoció negativamente con las LLA. La región DPB1* sola no parece estar asociada a las leucemias en esta población venezolana. La fuerte asociación LMC con varios haplotipos DPA/DPB indica importantes diferencias entre las patogénesis de ambas enfermedades

More is now known of the involvement of HLA-DP region in the pathogenesis of the leukemias through several previousstudies showing interference of these molecules in modulating the immune response to pathogens. For evaluation of HLA alleles and haplotypes DPA1*/DPB1* (28 alleles HLA DPA1* and 123 of HLA- DPB1*) Olerup SSP ™PCR (Genovision) was used in 48 patients with ALL, 48 CML, and 48 Venezuelan twins as controls. For HLA/leukemias, a relative risk (RR) > 3 was considered to be a positive association and negative with an RR<3, with a p corrected P<.05. ALL patients confirmed positive associations with DPA1*0105 allele, and negative with DPA1*010301-010302. In addition, they were positively associated with DPA1*0106 and *0107, with DPA1*020101-020106 being negatively associated with ALL. DPA1*0105, *0108 and *0109 were negatively associated with CML. The observed frequencies of HLA-DPB1* 01:01, 02:01, 03:01, 04:01 and 4:02 alleles in Venezuelan, which twins were between 7 and 16%, were higher than those of leukemic patients. Negative associations of DPB1*2:01, *3:01 and LLA were confined. No positive associations were observed with ALL. Non-confirmed positive associations were observed between DPB1*99:01 and CML. Haplotypes HLA-DPA1*01:03-DPB1*4:01, *2:01, *99:01 were strongly positively associated with CML. DPA1*1:09-DPB1*2:01, *4:01 were negatively associated with the CML. DPA1*1:03-DPB1*4:02; DPA1*01:09-DPB1*2:01, *4:01 and DPA1*02:01-DPB1*04:02 were negatively associated with ALL. The DPB1* single region does not appear to be associated with leukemia in the Venezuelan population. The strong association with several haplotypes DPA*1/DPB1* and LMC suggests massive differences between the pathogenesis of both diseases

Compuestos polifenólicos y capacidad antioxidante de especias típicas consumidas en México / Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of typically consumed species in Mexico

Las especias son plantas aromáticas que han sido utilizadas ampliamente en México para preservar o sazonar diversos alimentos, aunque también se han usado como remedios herbolarios para curar algunas enfermedades. Las propiedades culinarias y medicinales de las especias han sido atribuidas a diversos componentes, entre ellos los fitoquímicos. De estos últimos, los compuestos polifenólicos han sido ampliamente estudiados por el efecto contra enfermedades crónico degenerativas que se les atribuye, posiblemente por su capacidad antioxidante. El estudio de la capacidad antioxidante de las especias mexicanas abre puertas a nuevas investigaciones sobre los posibles beneficios de estas especias en la salud humana. El presente trabajo presenta las principales investigaciones sobre los potenciales efectos beneficiosos de las especias tradicionales mexicanas en la salud humana (AU)

Spices are aromatic plants that have been widely used in Mexico to preserve or seasoning different foods, but have also been used as herbal remedies to cure some diseases. These culinary and medicinal properties of spices have been attributed to several food components, including phytochemicals. Among them, polyphenolic compounds have been extensively studied for their effect against several chronic and degenerative diseases, probably due to their antioxidant activity. The study of the antioxidant capacity of Mexican spices may lead to new research on the potential benefits of these spices on human health. This paper analyzes the main studies on the potential beneficial effects of traditional Mexican spices on human health (AU)

Ionômero de vidro: agentes protetores de superfície / Glass ionomer: superficial protectors agents

O cimento de ionômero de vidro qualifica-se como um material bastante crítico quanto à sua utilizaçäo. A indicaçäo da proporçäo pó-líquido feita pelo fabricante deve ser rigorosamente obedecida. A manipulaçäo, inserçäo e proteçäo do material precisam ser feitas sempre de maneira apropriada. Foi pensando nisso, que este experimento de baseou, a fim de avaliar três diferentes protetores de superfície para restauraçöes de cimento de ionômero de vidro: Finishing Gloss (Vitrimer), Fortify e esmalte para unha Colorama. Os cimentos ionométricos utilizados para este experimento foram Vidrion R, Chelon Fil e Vitrimer. Os resultados indicaram que as melhores proteçöes foram obtidas quando se usou a resina fluída Finishing Gloss e esmalte para unha Colorama; näo havendo diferença significante entre eles. Já o Fortify näo deve ser o produto de primeira escolha para proteçäo superficial