Homeopatia aplicada à reprodução animal / Homeopathy applied to animal reproduction / Homeopatía aplicada a la reproducción animal

A homeopatia é um sistema terapêutico que propõe abordagem clínica e terapêutica para o tratamento do indivíduo doente, desenvolvida por Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann no final do século XVIII. No Brasil, a homeopatia foi introduzida por Benoit Mure, em 1840, tornando-se uma nova opção de tratamento. Como princípio básico tem-se a utilização de medicamentos dinamizados, ou seja, preparados a partir de substâncias animais, vegetais, minerais ou tecidos doentes. Existem duas leis que sustentam a homeopatia como parte da medicina. A primeira é a Lei dos Semelhantes - ?Similia simili buscurentur?- (os semelhantes que se curem pelos semelhantes) e, a segunda, a Lei do Vitalismo. O uso da homeopatia na reprodução se faz importante na busca de melhorias da fertilidade animal, tanto no diz respeito ao tratamento de patologias quanto na eficiência reprodutiva. Contudo, novos estudos devem ser desenvolvidos, uma vez que há divergências nos resultados encontrados na literatura.

Homeopathy is a therapeutic system proposing both clinical and therapeutic approaches to the treatment of the patient, developed by Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann in the late eighteenth century. In Brazil, homeopathy was introduced by Benoit Mure in 1840, becoming a new treatment option. The use of dynamized medication, or prepared from animal, vegetable or mineral substances, or from diseased tissue is at the core of homeopathy. There are two laws that support homeopathy as part of medicine. The first one is the Law of Similars - ?Similia simili buscurentur? - (like cures like). The second law is the Law of Vitalism. The use of homeopathy in reproduction is important in the search for improvement in animal fertility, both regarding the treatment of diseases and as in reproductive efficiency. However, further studies still need to be developed, since there are differences in the results found in literature.

La homeopatía es un sistema terapéutico que ofrece enfoque clínico y terapéutico para el tratamiento de la persona enferma, desarrollado por Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann a finales del siglo XVIII. En Brasil, la homeopatía fue introducida por Benoit Mure en 1840, convirtiéndose en una nueva opción de tratamiento. Como principio básico se ha utilizado drogas energizadas, es decir, sustancias preparadas a partir de animales, vegetales, minerales o tejidos enfermos. Hay dos leyes que apoyan la homeopatía como parte de la medicina. La primera es la ley de los semejantes - ?Similia simili buscurentur? - (los semejantes que se curen por los semejantes) y, la segunda, la Ley del Vitalismo. El uso de la homeopatía en la reproducción llega a ser importante en la búsqueda de la mejora de la fertilidad de los animales, tanto en lo que respecta al tratamiento de patologías como la eficiencia reproductiva. Sin embargo, nuevos estudios deben ser desarrollados, ya que hay divergencias en los resultados encontrados en la literatura.

Residues of medroxyprogesterone acetate detected in sows at a slaughterhouse, Madagascar.

In Madagascar, little information about drug residues in animal products is available. However, recently, official veterinary services were informed about the misuse of human injectable contraceptives in pig farms as an alternative for chirurgical castration of adult sows before culling. We investigated pigs (n = 80) slaughtered in 7 Malagasy abattoirs and raised in 8 of the 22 Malagasy regions (1) to confirm the contamination of carcasses by anabolic hormones by using LC-MS/MS, (2) to identify the substances of concern and (3) to explore the consumers' exposure to hormone residues. Medroxyprogesterone acetate was the only synthetic hormone detected in kidney fat. Samples positive with medroxyprogesterone acetate were observed in 66.7% of the districts investigated and in 87.5% of the surveyed regions, confirming its large misuse in livestock. Public awareness campaigns and control improvement among the animal production sector and among the Malagasy public health sector are therefore urgent.

Valores de hormona antimülleriana (HAM) y recuento de folículos antrales (RFA) en casos con fallo reproductivo previo / Anti-Müllerian hormone values and antral follicle count in patients with prior reproductive failure

Objetivo. Determinar si la HAM y el RFA pueden emplearse para predecir reserva ovárica. Sujetos y métodos. Se compara el RFA y los valores de la HAM en FIV/ICSI: bajas, normo y altas respondedoras, las primeras con fallos de TRA previos (un FIV/ICSI). El RFA se llevó a cabo con US 3D con modos superficie, inverso y AVC. Resultados. Existió correlación entre HAM y RFA. Ambos reflejan la reserva ovárica. Las diferencias entre normo y bajas respondedoras fueron significativas. RFA, HAM y edad mostraron ser los mejores parámetros. Las diferencias entre normo y altas respondedoras fueron igualmente significativas, mostrando ser predictivos de hiperestimulación. El grupo de número de ovocitos recuperados (<=5 vs >5) mostró ser predictivo de maduración, no de calidad embrionaria ni de pronóstico reproductivo. Conclusiones. La determinación de HAM y RFA no permite negar un nuevo intento FIV, pero obligan a informar a la pareja de las bajas probabilidades de éxito. Valores de HAM y RFA superiores a 27,21pmol/L y 15 folículos son riesgo de hiperestimulación. El pronóstico reproductivo muestra alto índice de cancelaciones (22% de ciclos iniciados) muy bajo de gestaciones (16,7%), con solo un 6,2% de embarazos evolutivos. Valores bajos de HAM (<9,28pmol/L) predicen mal pronóstico con un 72,7 y 64,5% de sensibilidad y especificidad. La mejor aproximación predictiva es la combinación HAM más RFA, con un área bajo la curva de 82% (AU)

Objective. To determine whether anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) could be used as predictors of ovarian reserve. Subjects and methods. We compared AFC and AMH values in IVF/ICSI in low, normal and high responders. Low responders had undergone previous assisted reproduction technologies (ART) and had experienced at least one IVF failure.AFC was carried out with US 3D surface, inverse mode, and automatic volume calculation. Results. AMH and AFC were correlated and reflected the actual ovarian reserve. Differences between normal and low responders were significant. The best predictors of ovarian reserve were AMH, AFC and age. Differences between normal and high responders were also significant and were predictors of hyperstimulation. Grouping patients according to oocyte recovery (<= vs. >5) was predictive of maturation but was not predictive of embryo quality or reproductive outcome. Conclusions. Low AMH values (<9.28pmol/L) predicted poor outcomes with a sensitivity and specificity of 72.7% and 64.5%. The best predictive approach was the combination of AMH plus AFC, resulting in an area under the curve of 82.2%. AMH and AFC above 27.21pmol/L and 15 follicles indicated a high risk of hyperstimulation. The reproductive outcome showed a very high cancelation rate (22% of initiated cycles), very low pregnancy rates (16.7%) and only 6.2% of ongoing pregnancies. Determination of AMH and AFC levels should not be used to reject candidates for IVF treatment but to inform patients with low levels of the very poor probability of success and the use of other alternatives (AU)

Immunonanogold-catalytic resonance scattering spectral assay of trace human chorionic gonadotrophin.

Gold nanoparticles in diameter of 10 nm were used to label rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin (RhCG) antiserum to obtain a resonance scattering spectral probe (AuRhCG) for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). The immunoreaction between AuRhCG and hCG take place to form hCG-AuRhCG immunocomplex in pH 5.0 citric acid-Na(2)HPO(4) buffer solution. The immunocomplex solutions were centrifuged to obtain the supernatant solution. The AuRhCG in the supernatant solution exhibited strong catalytic effect on the particle reaction between Ag(+) and hydroquinone to produce gold-silver composite particles in pH 3.4 citric acid-trisodium citrate buffer solution. There is a stronger resonance scattering (RS) peak at 423 nm for the particles. With the addition of hCG, the AuRhCG in the supernatant solution decreased, and the RS intensity at 423 nm decreased. The decreased RS intensity DeltaI(423 nm) was proportional to the concentration of hCG in the range of 2.5-208.3 mIU/mL with a detection limit of 0.83 mIU/mL. This method has been applied to the determination of hCG in urine samples, with satisfactory results.

Ciclo menstrual: ovárico endometrial / Menstrual cycle: ovarian endometrium

El ciclo menstrual incluye una serie de eventos hormonales íntimamente relacionados entre sí, regulados por el eje hipotálamo-hipofisiario-ovárico, y destinados a la selección, desarrollo y maduración de un folículo ovárico capaz de liberar un óvulo maduro fecundable al momento de la ovulación; así como la de preparar al endometrio para la eventual implantación del huevo de producirse la fecundación