Noveno Encuentro de Profesorado de Ciencias de la Salud Instituto Nacional de Educación Física de Cataluña (Universidad de Barcelona): Barcelona, 1 - 3 de febrero de 2017 / No disponible

No disponible

La expresión corporal y danza en la educación física de secundaria y bachillerato / Corpo e dança expressão no meio educação física E ensino médio / Body expression and dance in physical education of secondary and high school

La Expresión Corporal-Danza es una actividad que se ha demostrado muy enriquecedora y formativa para todas las personas, y en especial para niños y jóvenes, por su gran elemento creativo, así como por ser una de las formas más importantes de expresión artística del ser humano. Reconocidos estos efectos positivos en la literatura internacional y en la propia sociedad, la LOMCE recoge en el currículum de la asignatura de educación física en Secundaria y Bachillerato un bloque de contenidos relacionados con ésta. El propósito de nuestro estudio ha sido comprobar si los profesores realmente imparten los contenidos establecidos en el currículum relacionados con la Expresión Corporal-Danza, y en su caso, los motivos para no hacerlo. Se han analizado igualmente otras variables que pueden estar afectando al cumpliendo de la LOMCE en la Región de Murcia. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que únicamente entre un 9% y un 27% de los profesores de ESO y Bachillerato consideran que imparten todos los contenidos recogidos en la ley, aunque algunos contenidos en cada curso llegan a tener un grado de cumplimiento alto o muy alto. El principal motivo al que alude el profesorado para no impartir alguno o algunos estos contenidos de expresión corporal es la falta de tiempo en la programación, así como la percepción de que no se siente cualificados para diseñar y dirigir estas sesiones. Otras variables como el sexo del profesor y su experiencia docente son factores condicionales del grado de cumplimiento de estos contenidos en ambas etapas formativas (AU)

Body-Dança Expressão é uma atividade que tem se mostrado muito enriquecedora e educativa para todos, especialmente para crianças e jovens, por sua grande elemento criativo, bem como sendo uma das mais importantes formas de expressão artística de ser humana. Estes efeitos positivos reconhecidos na literatura e na própria sociedade internacional, LOMCE refletido no currículo da disciplina de educação física nas escolas secundárias e superiores bloquear conteúdo relacionado a ele. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi determinar se os professores ensinam os níveis estabelecidos no currículo relacionada à expressão corporal-Dance, e se assim for, as razões para não fazê-lo. Eles também analisaram outras variáveis que podem estar afetando o cumprimento dos LOMCE na Region de Murcia. Os resultados indicaram que apenas entre 9% e 27% dos professores das escolas secundárias e superiores consideram que fornecer todo o conteúdo contido na lei, embora alguns conteúdos em cada curso vir a ter um grau de alta ou muito alta conformidade. A principal razão aludida por professores para não transmitir qualquer conteúdo ou alguma linguagem corporal é a falta de tempo na programação, bem como a percepção de que não se sente qualificado para projetar e conduzir essas sessões. Outras variáveis como professor sexo e experiência de ensino são fatores condicionais o grau de conformidade com esses conteúdos em ambos os estágios de formação (AU)

The Body Expression-Dance is an activity that has proven enriching and formative for all people, and especially for children and young people, for its great creative element, as well as for being one of the most important forms of artistic expression of being human. Recognizing these positive effects in the international literature and in the society itself, the LOMCE collects in the curriculum of the physical education subject in Secondary and High School a block of contents related to it. The purpose of this study has been to check whether teachers actually impart the curriculum contents related to Body Expression-Dance, and if so, the reasons for not doing so. Other variables that may affect the compliance of LOMCE in the Region of Murcia have also been analyzed. The results obtained indicated that only between 9% and 27% of ESO and High School teachers consider that they impart all the contents included in the law, although some contents in each course have a high or very high degree of compliance. The main reason that teachers refer to not impart one or some of these contents of corporal expression is the lack of time in programming, as well as the perception that they do not feel qualified to design and direct these sessions. Other variables such as the gender of the teacher and his/her teaching experience are conditional factors of the degree of fulfilment of these contents in both formative stages (AU)

Longitudinal Evaluation of Community Support Project to Improve Oral Function in Japanese Elderly.

Change in oral function was evaluated longitudinally in elderly persons participating in an Exercises for Healthy Oral Function program implemented as part of the Long-Term Care Prevention Project. The participants comprised high-risk and healthy persons aged 65 yr or over. A questionnaire was used to classify them into two groups ('every day or sometimes' or 'rarely') at the end of the study for a comparison of change in repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) scores and oral diadochokinesis between 3 time points: at before, at immediately after, and at 1 yr after completion of the program. The average RSST score showed a decrease at 1 yr after intervention, but the difference was not statistically significant. Oral diadochokinesis showed a significant increase for all syllables upon completion of the program compared with at the beginning. This was followed by a significant decrease at 1 yr later compared with at the time of completion in the 'rarely' group for all syllables, but not in the 'every day or sometimes' group. In addition, the number of repetitions was significantly lower in the 'rarely' group than in the 'every day or sometimes' group for all syllables at 1 yr after completion. The results of the present study suggest that Long-Term Care Prevention Projects are necessary to maintain and improve oral function.

Aerobic fitness in adolescents in southern Brazil: association with sociodemographic aspects, lifestyle and nutritional status / La condición física aeróbica en adolescentes del sur de Brasil: asociación con aspectos sociodemográficos, estilo de vida y el estado nutricional / Condicionamento aeróbio em adolescentes no Sul do Brasil: associação com aspectos sociodemográficos, estilo de vida e estado nutricional

Objective. The purpose was to investigate the factors related to aerobic fitness levels of adolescents in southern Brazil. Methods. The sample consisted of 1081 students (545 males and 536 females), with mean age of 12.8 (± 1.2) years. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Aerobic fitness was assessed by the 9-min running test. The independent variables analyzed were: age, socioeconomic status, school system (public/private), sedentary behavior, physical activity level, nutritional status and body adiposity. Analyses were stratified by sex. We used the Student 't' test for independent samples and logistic regression to estimate odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals of 95% (95% CI). Results. The prevalence of low aerobic fitness levels was 92.5%. Boys aged 13–14 years were 2.44 times more likely to have low aerobic fitness levels; poorer boys were 4.31 times more likely to have low aerobic fitness levels. Girls aged 13–14 years were 5.35 times more likely to have low aerobic fitness levels; poorer girls were 10.70 times more likely to have low aerobic fitness levels; girls with sedentary behavior were approximately 4 times more likely to have low aerobic fitness levels. Conclusion. Thus, it was concluded that almost all adolescents show low aerobic fitness levels, which makes necessary effective interventions in the school environment with the promotion of sports and regular practice of physical activity (AU)

Objetivo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los factores relacionados con los niveles de aptitud aeróbica de los adolescentes en el sur de Brasil. Métodos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1081 alumnos (545 varones y 536 mujeres), con edad media de 12.8 (± 1.2) años. Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico transversal. La condición física aeróbica se evaluó mediante Test de Caminata de 9 minutos. Las variables independientes analizadas fueron: edad, nivel socioeconómico, el sistema escolar (público/privado), el sedentarismo, el nivel de actividad física, el estado nutricional y la adiposidad corporal. Los análisis fueron estratificados por sexo. Se aplicó la prueba de 't' Student para muestras independientes y regresión logística para estimar la odds ratio (OR) y los intervalos de confianza de 95% (IC95%). Resultados. La prevalencia de bajos niveles de aptitud aeróbica fue de 92.5%. Los niños de edades de 13 a 14 años fueron 2.44 veces más propensos a tener bajos niveles de condición física aeróbica; los niños más pobres fueron 4.31 veces más propensos a tener bajos niveles de condición física aeróbica. Las niñas de 13 a 14 años fueron 5.35 veces más propensas, a tener bajos niveles de condición física aeróbica; las niñas más pobres eran 10.70 veces más propensas a tener bajos niveles de condición física aeróbica; las niñas con el comportamiento sedentario, fueron aproximadamente 4 veces más propensas a tener bajos niveles de condición física. Conclusión. Se concluyó que casi todos los adolescentes muestran bajos niveles de condición física aeróbica, lo que hace necesarias intervenciones eficaces en el ámbito escolar para la promoción del deporte y la práctica regular de actividad física (AU)

Objetivo. O objetivo foi investigar os fatores relacionados aos níveis de aptidão aeróbia dos adolescentes no Sul do Brasil. Métodos. A amostra foi constituída por 1081 estudantes (545 do sexo masculino e 536 do sexo feminino), com idade média de 12.8 (± 1.2) anos. Este é um estudo epidemiológico transversal. Aptidão aeróbica foi avaliada pelo teste de corrida de 9 minutos. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram: idade, nível socioeconômico, sistema de escola (pública/privada), comportamento sedentário, nível de atividade física, estado nutricional e adiposidade corporal. As análises foram estratificadas por sexo. Foi utilizado o teste de Student 't' para amostras independentes e regressão logística para estimar odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (CI95%). Resultados. A prevalência de baixos níveis de aptidão aeróbia foi de 92.5%. Meninos com idades entre 13-14 anos foram 2.44 vezes mais propensos a ter baixos níveis de aptidão aeróbia; meninos mais pobres eram 4.31 vezes mais propensos a ter baixos níveis de aptidão aeróbia. Meninas com idades entre 13-14 anos foram 5.35 vezes mais propensos a ter baixos níveis de aptidão aeróbia; as moças pobres foram 10.70 vezes mais propensas a ter baixos níveis de aptidão aeróbia; Meninas com comportamento sedentário foram aproximadamente 4 vezes mais propensas a ter baixos níveis de aptidão aeróbia. Conclusão. Assim, concluiu-se que quase todos os adolescentes apresentam baixos níveis de aptidão aeróbica, o que faz intervenções eficazes no ambiente escolar com a promoção do desporto e da prática regular de atividade física necessária (AU)

Xbox Kinect training to improve clinical measures of balance in older adults: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Falls are a leading cause of injury and death for old adults, with one risk factor for falls being balance deficits. The low cost (<400 USD), wide availability, and ability to incorporate multiple training paradigms make gaming systems appealing as possible balance intervention tools. AIMS: To investigate the feasibility of using the Xbox Kinect for training to improve clinical measures of balance in old adults and retain improvements after a period of time. METHODS: Thirteen healthy old adults (aged 70+ years) were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group completed Kinect training three times a week for 3 weeks while the control group continued with normal activities. Four clinical measures of balance were assessed before training, 1 week and 1 month after training: Berg balance scale (BBS), Fullerton advanced balance (FAB) scale, functional reach (FR), and timed up and go (TUG). RESULTS: The ability to implement the training program was successful. The experimental group significantly increased their BBS and FAB after training while the control group did not. There was no significant change for either groups with FR and TUG. CONCLUSION: A training program using the Kinect with commercially available games was feasible with old adults. Kinect training may be an inexpensive way for old adults to receive helpful feedback encouraging them to continue with balance training program in their home.

Training Paediatric Therapists to Deliver Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Hospitals and therapists in developing countries often seek to learn how to deliver new forms of evidenced-based practice (EBP), including paediatric constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). This study examines a partnership implemented in Ethiopia, which trained therapists in CIMT and proposes a framework for sustainable EBP training. The aim of this study is to apply a translational and implementation framework to build capacity for CIMT in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, that included intensive in-country training and hands-on delivery with patients, followed by clinical implementation and feedback. A goal was to develop a locally feasible, culturally relevant form of CIMT. We framed our partnership model in terms of an implementation science model for therapists from multiple hospitals in Addis Ababa. Measures included workshop attendance, delivery of the curriculum and assessment of therapist's knowledge, skills and feedback postworkshop. We established a successful partnership with a lead hospital and completed training for 12 therapists from five hospitals who demonstrated increases in knowledge and skills following training. We developed a new, practically useful, culturally appropriate form of CIMT for later implementation. This partnership was limited to training of paediatric therapists in sub-Saharan Africa. Future studies will report on therapists' ability to integrate this EBP training into clinical practice as well as future training.

Guía básica de detección del sedentarismo y recomendaciones de actividad física en atención primaria / Basic guidelines for detecting sedentarism and recommendations for physical activity in primary care

La detección del sedentarismo en adultos mediante instrumentos sencillos y útiles es un objetivo primordial tanto en salud pública como en el ámbito clínico, ya que este factor de riesgo es una de las causas más importantes de enfermedad no transmisible en el mundo y es muy prevalente en las sociedades desarrolladas como la española. Se describen 2 instrumentos validados, sencillos y útiles para detectar y/o manejar el sedentarismo en adultos: a) el cuestionario internacional de actividad física en su versión corta, y b) el podómetro, para cuantificar el número de pasos realizados en un día. Aumentar los niveles de actividad física es importante para la prevención primaria de algunas enfermedades crónicas (cardiopatía coronaria, diabetes tipo 2, osteoporosis, cáncer de colon) y para mejorar la calidad de vida. El personal sanitario debe conocer el grado de motivación y la disponibilidad del paciente y su familia para el cambio de conducta hacia la actividad física. Las actividades físicas de intensidad moderada no presentan prácticamente ninguna contraindicación y los riesgos son muy escasos

The detection of physical inactivity in adults, using simple and useful tools is primary objective in both public health and in clinical settings, since this risk factor is one of the major causes of non-communicable disease in the world, and is very prevalent in developed societies such as in Spain. Two validated instruments are described that are simple and useful for detecting and/or monitoring physical inactivity in adults: (i) the international physical activity questionnaire in its short version, and (ii) the pedometer to measure the number of steps taken in a day. Increased levels of physical activity are important for the primary prevention of some chronic diseases (coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, colon cancer) and to improve the quality of life. Medical personnel must determine the motivation level and the availability of patients and their families to change their behavior towards physical activity. Moderate-intensity physical activities have hardly any contraindications and the risks are few

Aplicación de un programa de mejora de la adherencia en pacientes hipertensos debutantes / No disponible

OBJETIVO: Comprobar la eficacia de un programa para la mejora de la adherencia en pacientes hipertensos de reciente diagnóstico. DISEÑO: Estudio cuasi-experimental. Emplazamiento: Cuatro Centros de Atención Primaria de la provincia de Almería. PARTICIPANTES: Ciento veinte sujetos entre 18 y 65 años que habían sido diagnosticados como hipertensos en un periodo inferior a 12 meses. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: Los participantes fueron divididos en tres grupos: grupo de intervención A que recibió una instrucción educativa, grupo de intervención B que recibió la instrucción educativa y un procedimiento de feedback; y grupo control C que recibió el tratamiento habitual. La adherencia se determinó en función del estilo de vida (patrones de alimentación, actividad física, tabaco, alcohol) y tratamiento farmacológico. RESULTADOS: En el caso de la alimentación y actividad física, tras la intervención se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de actuación (p < 0,05), encontrando mejores niveles de adherencia en los sujetos del grupo B con respecto a estas variables. También se observaron mejores patrones de adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico en dichos pacientes. No se hallaron resultados significativos con respecto al alcohol y tabaco. CONCLUSIONES: En la población de estudio, los pacientes que recibieron la instrucción educativa y feedback tuvieron mejores niveles de adherencia que aquellos que solo recibieron la instrucción o el tratamiento habitual

OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of a program to improve treatment adherence in new onset hypertensive PATIENTS: DESIGN: This is a quasi-experimental study. LOCATION: Four health centers in Almeria. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 120 subjects between 18 and 65 years, diagnosed with hypertension within the previous 12 months. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The participants were divided into three groups: intervention group A, which received educational instruction, intervention group B, educational instruction and feedback process, and the control group C, received usual care. Adherence was determined by lifestyle (diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol) and drug treatment. RESULTS: As regards diet and physical activity, there were significant differences between performance groups after intervention (p < 0,05), with better adherence levels being found in group B subjects for these variables. Better adherence to pharmacological treatment was also observed in these PATIENTS: No significant results were found regarding alcohol and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: In the study population, patients undergoing educational instruction and feedback had better adherence levels than those who received only instruction or usual treatment

Prescripción de ejercicio físico en la depresión por parte de Médicos de Familia. Factores involucrados / Prescrição de exercício físico na depressao por parte de médicos de família. factores envolvidos / Exercise prescription for depression by general practitioners, factors involved

El problema del sedentarismo es acuciante en sociedades desarrolladas y sus consecuencias para la salud de la población constituyen uno de los principales problemas de salud pública actuales. La depresión es un motivo de consulta muy habitual en las consultas de atención primaria de países occidentales. Se ha planteado la prescripción de ejercicio físico como una estrategia antidepresiva útil en depresiones leves-moderadas, con frecuencia de forma complementaria a los tratamientos de primera elección. Sin embargo, los médicos de atención primaria no siempre lo prescriben y se desconoce de qué depende que lo hagan. Contribuir a aclarar esta cuestión es el objetivo del presente trabajo. Nuestra hipótesis era que el grado de prescripción depende de sus opiniones y experiencia sobre el tratamiento de la depresión.Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal en el que participaron 13 centros de salud. Utilizamos el cuestionario Depression Questionaire Attitude para valorar la actitud de los médicos hacia la depresión, y recogimos otras variables relacionadas con la importancia que otorgaban al ejercicio físico y a otros aspectos del estilo de vida en la salud física y mental. Los resultados confirman que la actitud de los médicos frente a la depresión influye en su disposición a recomendar ejercicio físico. Además, los médicos de atención primaria con menos años de práctica profesional valoran más el papel del ejercicio físico en la salud, tanto en la depresión como en otras patologías médicas. También se observa una correlación entre la importancia que se da al ejercicio físico en la salud y la que se da a otros factores ligados al estilo de vida, especialmente la dieta. Se concluye que aunque la utilidad de recomendar ejercicio físico en la depresión va acercándose al mismo nivel de importancia que en otros problemas de salud, su empleo por parte de los médicos de atención primaria es muy mejorable. Por ello, es importante insistir en la necesidad de ofrecer apoyo y programas de formación continuada a los médicos de atención primaria para ayudarles en este propósito (AU)

A sedentary lifestyle is an urgent problem in developed societies and its consequences are one of the main current problems in public health. Depression is a common reason to attend primary care in Western countries. In many cases of low and mild depression, exercise is recommended as a complement to the main therapy: Psychotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy. Nevertheless, general practitioners do not always recommend exercise to depressive patients and it is unknown why they do not. The main aim of our study was to clarify how the degree of prescribing exercise relies on a general practitioner’s opinion and experience in depression treatment. A cross-sectional design was undertaken in 13 public health centers. The Depression Attitude Questionnaire (DAQ) was used to evaluate general practitioners’ attitude towards depression; other variables related to the importance accorded to physical exercise; and other lifestyle aspects of physical and mental health. Our results show that general practitioners’ attitude towards depression influence their willingness to recommend exercise. Moreover, less experienced general practitioners (in years) tend to appreciate the importance of exercise in health, not only in depression. A positive relationship was found between importance of exercise and importance accorded to other factors linked to lifestyle, especially diet. Although recommendation of exercise in depression is similar to other medical conditions, its prescription may be improved. Hence, it is important to point out the need for education programs for general practitioners, in order to improve their capacity to deal with their task (AU)

O problema do sedentarismo é premente nas sociedades desenvolvidas e as suas consequências para a saúde da população constituem umdos principais problemas de saúde pública actuais. A depressão é um motivo muito habitual nas consultas de cuidados primários nos países ocidentais.Foi delineada a prescrição de exercício físico como uma estratégia antidepressiva útil em depressões leves-moderadas, de forma complementar aostratamentos de primeira escolha. Contudo, os médicos de cuidados primários nem sempre o prescrevem e desconhece-se o porquê de o fazerem. Contribuirpara clarificar esta questão é o objectivo do presente trabalho. A nossa hipótese era que o grau de prescrição depende das suas opiniões e experiênciasno tratamento da depressão. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal no qual participaram 13 centros de saúde. Utilizámos o questionário DepressionQuestionaire Attitudepara avaliar a atitude dos médicos face à depressão e medimos outras variáveis relacionadas com a importância que atribuíam aoexercício físico e a outros aspectos do estilo de vida na saúde física e mental. Os resultados confirmam que a atitude dos médicos face à depressão influína sua disposição para recomendar exercício físico. Adicionalmente, os médicos de cuidados primários com menos anos de prática profissional valorizammais o papel do exercício físico na saúde, tanto na depressão como noutras patologias médicas. Também se observa uma correlação entre a importânciaque se dá ao exercício físico na saúde e à que se dá a outros factores ligados ao estilo de vida, especialmente à dieta. Conclui-se que apesar da utilidadede recomendar exercício físico na depressão se ir aproximando do nível de importância atribuído a outros problemas de saúde, a sua utilização por partedos médicos de cuidados primários pode ser substancialmente melhorada. Para tal, é importante insistir na necessidade de oferecer apoio e programasde formação continuada aos médicos de cuidados primários para ajudá-los neste propósito

El papel de la carga mental en la planificación del entrenamiento deportivo1 / The role of metnal workload insport training planning / O papel da carga mental no planeamento do treino desportivo

Una de las claves que determinan el éxito del entrenamiento es la alternancia correcta entre esfuerzo y descanso. La acumulación de esfuerzo puede producir fatiga, con el consiguiente deterioro de la capacidad motriz del deportista. Su impacto a largo plazo sobre el organismo depende de la capacidad adaptativa del deportista ante los estímulos que la generaron. El sometimiento a cargas por encima de la capacidad adaptativa del deportista produce un estado de incapacidad funcional conocido con el término “sobreentrenamiento” y caracterizado por la pérdida de rendimiento y alteraciones emocionales (Goodger, Gorely, Lavallee y Harwood, 2007; Gould, 1996; Gould, y Dieffenbach, 2002; Kellmann, 2002). Los estímulos que determinan la carga del entrenamiento son de naturaleza física y mental. Aunque la repercusión de los primeros ha sido ampliamente estudiada, no sucede igual con la de los segundos. Por tanto, nuestro objetivo es (1) revisar el concepto de carga mental, incluyendo elementos de carga cognitiva y emocional; (2) profundizar en las repercusiones de la carga mental y la necesidad de controlarla en el entrenamiento, y (3) proponer aplicaciones para el diseño de tareas por parte del entrenador

One of the keys to achieving success in training is the correct alternation between exertion and rest. Accumulation of load causes fatigue, with a consequent deterioration of an athlete’s motor skills. This impact on the organism depends on the capacity of the athlete to adapt to the stimuli that generated it. Repetitive loads, systematically above the adaptive capacity of the athlete, can produce performance and mode deterioration in the form of dysfunctional overtraining or stalement. (Goodger, Gorely, Lavallee AND Harwood, 2007; Gould, 1996; Gould AND Dieffenbach, 2002; Kellmann, 2002). Loading stimuli can be physical and/or mental. Although the impact of the former has been widely studied, this is not the case with the latter. Therefore, our aim was (1) to review the concept of mental workload, including cognitive and emotional elements, (2) to explore the implications of controlling mental workload for training, and (3) to propose practical applications for designing training tasks

ma das chaves que determinam o êxito do treino é a alternância correcta entre esforço e descanso. A acumulação de esforço pode produzirfadiga, com o consequente deterioramento da capacidade motora do atleta. O seu impacto a longo prazo sobre o organismo depende da capacidade adap-tativa do desportista face aos estímulos que a originam. A exposição a cargas acima da capacidade adaptativa do atleta produz um estado de incapacidadefuncional denominado de “sobretreino” e caracterizado pela perda de rendimento e alterações emocionais (Goodger, Gorely, Lavallee e Harwood, 2007;Gould, 1996; Gould e Dieffenbach, 2002; Kellmann, 2002). Os estímulos que determinam a carga de treino são de natureza física e mental. Embora arepercussão dos primeiros tenha sido amplamente estudada, o mesmo não sucede com os segundos. Como tal, o nosso objectivo é (1) rever o conceitode carga mental, incluindo elementos de carga cognitiva e emocional; (2) aprofundar as repercussões da carga mental e a necessidade de controlá-la notreino, e (3) propor aplicações para o delineamento de tarefas por parte do treinador

Relación entre estado nutricional, nivel de actividad física y desarrollo psicomotor en preescolares / Relationship between nutritional status, level of physical activity and psychomotor development in preschoolers

Introducción: La OMS ha señalado la obesidad y sobrepeso como pandemia, siendo los niños el grupo donde se recomienda intervenir, al poder incluir programas de actividad física (AF) y desarrollo psicomotor (DP) en los establecimientos educacionales. En Chile existen altos índices de sobrepeso, obesidad y sedentarismo, asociado a la inexistencia de programas preescolares sobre realización de AF. Objetivo: Relacionar el estado nutricional, el desarrollo psicomotor y la cantidad e intensidad de AF en la jornada escolar en preescolares de 5 años. Métodos: Estudio piloto, no experimental, transversal y correlacional, 23 preescolares de 5 años. Se midieron tres aspectos; Estado nutricional con puntaje z-IMC, AF con Actigrafía y DP con la Batería Da Fonseca. Resultados: Un 26% de los niños presentó sobrepeso y un 52% obesidad. Todos realizaron al menos 60 minutos de Actividad Física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) durante la jornada escolar. El 82,6% de los niños se encontró en la categoría Normal en DP y el resto en la categoría de Dispraxia. Se encontró una relación inversa significativa (p=0,032) entre z-IMC y DP. Conclusión: El porcentaje de niños obesos, supera ampliamente cifras internacionales y encuestas nacionales. En la evaluación psicomotriz, 17,4% de los niños son dispráxicos. Los niños con mayor z-IMC tienen menor puntaje en la batería Da Fonseca, lo que puede ser atribuido a un mayor peso en relación a la estatura, generando a largo plazo un menor DP. No se observaron relaciones entre las demás variables (AU)

Background: Obesity and overweight have been included as a pandemic by the WHO; children are the group where intervention is recommended, given that they can enter physical activity (PA) and psychomotor development (PD) programs at education centres. Chile accounts for high rates of overweight, obesity and sedentary life, together with an absence of preschool PA programs. Objective: To relate the nutritional status, the psychomotor development and the quantity and intensity of PA in school routine for 5 year-old preschoolers. Methods: Pilot, non-experimental, transversal correlational study, including 23 preschoolers aged 5. We assessed three values: nutritional status with score z-IMC, PA with Actigraphy and PD with Da Fonseca Battery. Results: 26% of the children presented with overweight and 52% with obesity. All of them had at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) during their school-day. 82.6% of the children were in the Normal category for PD and the rest were in the Dispraxia category. A significant inverse relationship was found (p=0,032) between z-IMC and PD. Conclusion: The percentage of obese children is notably above international average values and national surveys. 17.4% of children show dispraxia at the psychomotor assessment. Children with higher z-IMC have a lower score in Da Fonseca battery, which could be due to a higher weight in relation to size, and generating a lower PD in the long term. No relationships were detected within the other variables (AU)

Obese and unfit students dislike physical education in adolescence: myth or truth? The AVENA and UP&DOWN studies / A los adolescentes que no les gusta la educación física tienen peor condición física y más obesidad: ¿mito o realidad? Los estudios AVENA y UP&DOWN

Introduction: In the physical education context a well-known myth suggest that obese and unfit youth dislike physical education. Objective: To examine if adolescents who dislike physical education have higher levels of fatness and lower of fitness than their peers. Methods: Participants included 2606 (49.3% girls) adolescents from AVENA and UP&DOWN studies. Physical education enjoyment was assessed with a 7-point Likert scale. Fatness was assessed with BMI, skinfolds and waist circumference. Physical fitness was assessed with cardiorespiratory, motor and muscular fitness tests. Results: Boys who dislike physical education had similar levels of fatness and fitness than their peers (all P>0.05). Adolescent girls who dislike physical education had higher levels in body fat (P=0.035), and lower levels in muscular (P=0.007) and motor (P=0.007) fitness than their peers. Conclusion: Since only girls who dislike physical education seem to have, albeit weak, higher levels of fatness and lower of fitness than their peers, it partially confirms the myth in adolescent girls (AU)

Introducción: En el contexto de la EF (educación física), n mito bien conocido podría sugerir que a los jóvenes obesos y con baja condición física no les gusta la EF. Objetivo: Examinar si a los adolescentes a los que no les gusta la EF tienen niveles más altos de obesidad y niveles más bajos de forma física que sus compañeros. Métodos: Se tomó a 2606 participantes (49.3% chicas) adolescentes de los estudios AVENA y UP&DOWN. El disfrute de la EF se evaluó empleando una escala Likert de 7 puntos. La obesidad se evaluó mediante el IMC, pliegues cutáneos y circunferencia de la cintura. La condición física fue evaluada mediante pruebas cardiorespiratorias, motoras y musculares. Resultados: Los chicos a los que no les gusta la EF presentaron niveles similares de obesidad que sus compañeros (total P>0.05). Las chicas adolescentes a las que no les gusta la EF presentaron niveles más altos de grasa corporal (P=0.035), y niveles más bajos en condición física muscular (P=0.007) y motora (P=0.007) que sus compañeros. Conclusión: Dado que solo las chicas a las que no les gusta la EF parecen presentar, sin bien levemente, niveles más altos de obesidad y niveles menores de forma física que sus compañeros, el mito se confirma parcialmente ara las chicas adolescentes (AU)

Hábitos alimentarios y psicológicos en personas que realizan ejercicio físico / Nutritional and psychological habits in people who practice exercise

Introducción: La distorsión de la imagen corporal se ha convertido en un problema mundial. La delgadez como patrón de belleza para las mujeres, y la musculación para los hombres, se han relacionado con el incremento de los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). La práctica de ejercicio físico con fines estéticos o adictivos ha incrementado, así como la popularización de los gimnasios. Objetivos: Analizar los comportamientos ortoréxicos, conocer la influencia del género en los comportamientos psicológicos y analizar los hábitos de alimentación de una muestra que practica actividad física. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo en el que se realizó un cuestionario ad hoc, incorporando el test de Adherencia a Dieta Mediterránea, el Inventario de Expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-2), el Cuestionario de Comedor Emocional (EEQ) adaptado y la versión española del Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Además se realizó una valoración antropométrica a cada participante. Resultados: 264 sujetos fueron incluidos en el estudio (156 hombres), de 35,9 años (±11,1 años). Con IMC medio de 23,8 kg/m2 (±3,1 kg/m2 ) y un porcentaje de grasa corporal total 20,8 (±8,7%). La puntuación media la Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea, fue 5,9 (±2,4). Se encontraron comportamientos de carácter ortorexico y obsesivo, y diferencias entre géneros, para algunos marcadores estudiados. Conclusiones: Los hábitos analizados ponen de manifiesto una tendencia al culto al cuerpo, más próximo al extremo patológico que al aspecto saludable, provocando alteraciones sobre la percepción, que traen como consecuencia la realización de dietas y la aparición de alteraciones como los TCA (AU)

Introduction: The distorted body image has become a global problem. The thinness as a standard of beauty for women, and fitness for men, has been linked to an increase in eating behavior disorders. The physical exercise with aesthetic or addictive purposes has increased, as well as the popularity of gyms. Aim: To analyze the orthorexics behavior, to know the influence of gender on psychological behavior and to analyze eating habits in a sample practicing physical activity. Methods: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study in which an ad hoc questionnaire was performed, incorporating Adherence to Mediterranean diet test, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2), Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) and adapted the Spanish version of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Besides, anthropometric assessment was performed in each participant. Results: 264 subjects were included in the study (156 men), 35.9 years (± 11.1 years). With mean BMI of 23.8 kg/m2 (± 3.1 kg/m2 ) and total body fat percentage 20.8 (± 8.7%). The average score Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was 5.9 (± 2.4). Orthorexic and obsessive behaviors were found, and between genders for some markers studied. Conclusion: The habits analyzed show a tendency to body worship, closer to a pathological condition rather than to a healthy aspect, causing alterations on perception, that result in dieting and alterations such as eating disorders (AU)

The perioperative educational program for improving upper arm dysfunction in patients with breast cancer: a controlled trial.

Most patients who undergo breast cancer surgery suffer from impairment of upper extremity function. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a perioperative educational program for improving upper arm dysfunction in patients with breast cancer. This longitudinal controlled study was conducted between January 2010 and July 2012. Participants comprised 149 patients with primary breast cancer before operation, allocated to intervention and control groups. Intervention comprised a 3-month educational program on monitoring arm function and exercises for preventing shoulder dysfunction and lymphedema. The control group received routine care from on-site staffs. Of the 149 patients analyzed, 69 underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), and 80 underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The intervention group included 39 patients with ALND and 51 patients with SLNB, while the control group included 30 patients with ALND and 29 patients with SLNB. Arm girth, shoulder range of motion (ROM), and grip strength were measured before surgery and at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Self-reported questionnaires, the Subjective Perception of Post-Operative Functional Impairment of the Arm (SPOFIA) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), were administered at the same time points. Among the variables examined, only SPOFIA and grip strength were significantly improved in the intervention group with ALND. In contrast, the perioperative educational program caused no significant improvement for the patients who underwent the surgery with SLNB. Thus, the present program improves the postoperative upper arm function and discomfort in breast cancer patients who undergo surgery with ALND.

The historical development of Chinese group callisthenics.

The history of Chinese group callisthenics can be traced back to the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties. Modern callisthenics was brought to China in the Republic of China Era (1912-49) and developed rapidly in the People's Republic of China Era (1949 to the present). Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, group callisthenics has developed in five stages: the formation of systemisation, the breakthrough, the multiple development and the comprehensive development. Today, Chinese group callisthenics has become world-famous and has continued its development from its own system and style.

Déficits bilaterales y asimetrías morfofuncionales en jóvenes esgrimistas / Bilateral deficit and morphofunctional asymmetries in young fencers

Introducción y objetivos: El componente técnico en esgrima se desarrolla de forma unilateral provocando déficits bilaterales y asimetrías morfofuncionales en el esgrimista de élite. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar en qué grado estos desequilibrios morfofuncionales estaban patentes en jóvenes esgrimistas (20 hombres: 14,8±0,9 años; 12 mujeres: 14,2±3,3años) en sus primeras etapas de formación hacia la élite. Método: Se analizaron 23 variables por triplicado en ambos hemicuerpos, agrupadas en las siguientes valoraciones: cineantropometría, flexibilidad y fuerza máxima isométrica. La fiabilidad entre intentos fue valorada con una ANOVA de medidas repetidas e índice de correlación intraclase (ICC), y una prueba T de muestras independientes para analizar las diferencias entre sexos y entre ambos hemicuerpos, con un nivel de significación de p≤0,05.Resultados: En ambos sexos existen diferencias significativas en los perímetros del antebrazo(p≤0,05) y en la fuerza máxima isométrica de prensión manual (p≤0,05). En las chicas se hallan diferencias significativas entre el área muscular del muslo anterior y posterior (p≤0,05). Pesea no hallar diferencias significativas en el resto de variables, en ambos sexos existen déficits bilaterales en torno al 4% entre los perímetros y al 11% entre las áreas musculares, de brazos y muslos del hemicuerpo armado frente al no armado. Conclusiones: En esgrima, determinados desequilibrios morfofuncionales se manifiestan en las primeras etapas de especialización. Se recomiendan entrenamientos específicos invirtiendo lalateralidad, una buena preparación física general y potenciar la musculatura antagonista, paraminimizar los déficits potencialmente lesionales(AU)

Introduction and aims: The technical component in fencing is developed of unilateral formcausing bilateral deficits and morphofunctional asymmetries in elite fencers. The aim of thepresent study was to assess the degree of these morphofunctional imbalances were significancesin young fencers (20 men: 14.8±0.9 years; 12 women: 14.2±3.3 years) in their first stages oftraining towards the sport elite.Method: Twenty three variables in triplicate were analysed in both sides of the body and groupedin the following assessments: kinanthropometry; flexibility; isometric maximum strength.ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc and intraclass correlation coefficient was used in order to determinatethe reliability between trials. An independent samples t-test was used to analyse thedifferences between sexes and between both sides of the body. The significance level wasestablished at P≤.05.Results: In both sexes, significant differences between perimeters of the forearm (P≤.05), andisometric maximum strength of fingers (P≤.05) was established. In addition, in girls there weresignificant differences between the muscular area of the anterior and posterior thigh (P≤.05).No significance differences were found in the other variables.Conclusions: In fencing, some morphofunctional asymmetries are developed in the first stagesof the sport specialisation. To minimise the potentially injuring deficits, we recommend strengtheningthe antagonist musculature with specific training sessions reversing the laterality andimproving the physical conditioning(AU)

Medida de la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de un grupo de personas mayores que llevan a cabo un programa de caminatas: estudio piloto / Measurement of functional capacity and health related quality of Life in an elderly group following a walking program: pilot study

Introducción. Este estudio piloto analiza, por medio de medidas pre-post, la capacidad funcional (CF), el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y el stock capital de salud (SCS) de mayores que participan en el programa de caminatas de Granollers. Material y métodos. Ciento setenta y tres participantes fueron invitados a participar. Ciento uno eran usuarios del Programa Municipal para Personas Mayores (PMPP) y 72 participaron a través de la información recibida por los medios de comunicación. Ciento treinta y un participantes (76,3%) completaron el programa. La intervención consistió en un programa de 6 meses, supervisado por un monitor especializado una vez semanal y controlado por un podómetro diariamente. Para el análisis de los resultados se ha empleado el test de marcha de 6 min (6MWT) para la CF y el EuroQol para la CVRS. Para el cálculo del SCS, se utilizaron las preferencias derivadas de las puntuaciones del EuroQol y la esperanza de vida. Las equivalencies monetarias que cuantifican el SCS se obtienen mediante valor fijo. Resultados. El promedio de pasos se incrementó tras el tratamiento, especialmente en los hombres. Los resultados reflejaron también una disminución del IMC. Los participantes mostraron una mejoría en el nivel global de salud al finalizar el programa. Los resultados del SCS confirman la mejora de la CVRS en el caso de los hombres. Conclusiones. El programa tuvo efectos positivos en el incremento de pasos y lapercepción de la mejora de la condición física y la salud. Se discute la utilidad del podómetro como un instrumento motivador en la realización de ejercicio físico(AU)

Introduction. This pre-experimental study analyses the Functional Capacity (FC), Body Mass Index (BMI), Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Health Capital Stock (HCS) of elderly people participating in a Walking program in Granollers (Barcelona). Material and methods. One hundred and seventy-three participants were invited to participate. One hundred and one of them were users of the Municipal Program for Elderly People, and 72 received information by the communication media. One hundred and thirty-one (76.3%) of the participants completed the Program. The intervention consisted of a 6-month program, supervised by a specialist instructor once a week and controlled daily by a pedometer. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was analysed for the FC, and the EuroQoL for the HRQoL. The preferences derived from the EuroQoL scores and the Life Expectancy were used to calculate the FC. The monetary data were obtained using a fixed value. Results. An increase in the average number of steps was observed after the program, especially in men. The results also showed a decrease in the BMI. The participants showed a improvement in overall health perception at the end of the program. The HCS scores confirmed the improvement in the HRQoL in men. Conclusions. The Program was positive for increasing the number of steps and improving physical condition and health. The usefulness of the pedometer as a motivational tool of physical exercise is discussed(AU)

Urinary incontinence among group fitness instructors including yoga and pilates teachers.

AIMS: Controversies exist on the role of physical activity on urinary incontinence (UI), and search on PubMed revealed no studies on UI in fitness instructors. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of UI among female group fitness instructors, including Pilates and yoga teachers. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 1,473 instructors representing three of the largest fitness companies recruited from 59 fitness centers in Norway. They filled in an online survey (Questback) about general health, educational background, and number of hours teaching per week. Prevalence of UI was evaluated by the International Consensus on Incontinence Questionnaire, short form (ICIQ-UI SF). RESULTS: Three out of 152 men (2%) reported UI. Six hundred eighty-five women, mean age 32.7 years (range 18-68) answered the questionnaire. 26.3% of all the female instructors reported to have UI, with 21.4% reporting leakage ≥ once a week, 3.2% 2-3 times/week and 1.7% ≥ once per day. 24.4% reported the leakage to be small to moderate and the bother score was 4.6 (SD 2.4) out of 21. 15.3% reported leakage during physical activity and 10.9% when coughing/sneezing. 25.9% of yoga and Pilates instructors reported UI. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report on UI among fitness instructors and the results indicate that UI is prevalent among female fitness instructors, including yoga and Pilates teachers. More information about this topic seems to be important in the basic education of fitness instructors.

Repercusión del ejercicio físico sobre la salud / Repercussion of the physical exercise on the health

En este trabajo se analizan las relaciones-generalmente beneficiosas-que la práctica del ejercicio físico mantiene con la salus global de una persona. Estos beneficios se producirán siempre que el ejercicio físico se convierta en un hábito regular. Se describen algunos de esos beneficios y se evalúa en que forma-a menudo indirecta-el ejercicio físico influye sobre el funcionamiento psicológico de los indivduos. se repasan los motivos que llevan a las personas a iniciarse, mantenerse y/o abandonar la práctica del ejercicio físico. Asimismo, se revisan algunos de los trastornos psicológicos a los que se ha aplicado al ejercicio físico como método de actividad terapéutica y a la manera en que se producen sus efectos. Por último se advierte de los posibles perjuicios que produciría una mala o abusiva práctica del ejercicio físico sobre la salud(AU)

In this work there are analyzed the generally beneficial relations that the practice of the physical exercise supports with the global salus of a person. These benefits will take place providing that the physical exercise turns into a regular habit. There are described some of these benefits and it is evaluated in that it forms often hint the physical exercise influences the psychological functioning of the indivduos. there are revised the motives that lead the persons to beginning, to be kept and / or to leave the practice of the physical exercise. Likewise, there are checked some of the psychological disorders to which it has been applied to the physical exercise as method of therapeutic activity and to the way in which his effects take place. Finally one warns of the possible prejudices that it would produce a bad or improper practice of the physical exercise on the health (AU)

Reliability of the Tardieu Scale for assessing spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the Tardieu Scale's reliability in children with cerebral palsy (CP) when used by raters with and without experience in using the scale, before and after training. DESIGN: Single-center, intrarater and interrater reliability study. SETTING: Institutional ambulatory care. PARTICIPANTS: Referred children with CP in the pretraining phase (n=5), during training (n=3), and in the posttraining phase (n=15). INTERVENTIONS: The Tardieu Scale involves performing passive muscle stretch at 2 velocities, slow and fast. The rater derives 2 parameters; the Spasticity Angle X is the difference between the angles of arrest at slow speed and of catch-and-release or clonus at fast speed; the Spasticity Grade Y is an ordinal variable that grades the intensity (gain) of the muscle reaction to fast stretch. In phase 1, experienced raters without formalized training in the scale graded elbow, knee, and ankle plantar flexors bilaterally, without and with a goniometer. In phase 2, after training, the experienced and nonexperienced raters graded the same muscles unilaterally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intrarater and interrater reliability of the Tardieu Scale. RESULTS: After training, nonexperienced raters had mean +/- SD intrarater and interrater agreement rates across all joints and parameters of 80%+/-14% and 74%+/-16%, respectively. For experienced raters, intrarater and interrater agreement rates before training were 77%+/-13% and 66%+/-15%, respectively, versus 90%+/-8% and 81%+/-13%, respectively, after training (P<.001 for both). Specific angle measurements at the knee were less reliable for the angles of catch measured at fast speed. Across all joints, agreement rates were similar using visual or goniometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Both parameters of the Tardieu Scale have excellent intrarater and interrater reliability when assessed at the elbow and ankle joints of children with CP, with no difference noted between visual and goniometric measurements. Angle measurements were less reliable at the knee joints. Training was associated with a highly significant improvement in reliability.