RESUMEN
Do adversarial environmental conditions create social cohesion? We provide new answers to this question by exploiting spatial and temporal variation in exposure to earthquakes across Chile. Using a variety of methods and controlling for a number of socio-economic variables, we find that exposure to earthquakes has a positive effect on several indicators of social cohesion. Social cohesion increases after a big earthquake and slowly erodes in periods where environmental conditions are less adverse. Our results contribute to the current debate on whether and how environmental conditions shape formal and informal institutions.
Asunto(s)
Desastres/economía , Terremotos/economía , Conducta Social , Chile , Crimen/economía , Crimen/psicología , Geografía , Humanos , Clase SocialRESUMEN
The 2010 earthquake resulted in the breakdown of Haiti's social, economic and health infrastructure. Over one-quarter of a million people remain internally displaced (ID). ID women experience heightened vulnerability to intimate partner violence (IPV) due to increased poverty and reduced community networks. Scant research has examined experiences of IPV among ID women in post-earthquake Haiti. We conducted a qualitative study to explore the impact of participating in Famn an Aksyon Pou Santé Yo (FASY), a small-group HIV prevention intervention, on ID women's agency in Leogane, Haiti. We conducted four focus groups with ID women, FASY participants (n = 40) and in-depth individual interviews with peer health workers (n = 7). Our study was guided by critical ethnography and paid particular attention to power relations. Findings highlighted multiple forms of IPV (e.g., physical, sexual). Participants discussed processes of intrapersonal (confidence), interpersonal (communication), relational (support) and collective (women's rights) agency. Yet structural factors, including patriarchal gender norms and poverty, silenced IPV discussions and constrained women's agency. Findings suggest that agency among ID women is a multi-level, non-linear and incremental process. To effectively address IPV among ID women in Haiti, interventions should address structural contexts of gender inequity and poverty and concurrently facilitate multi-level processes of agency.
Asunto(s)
Agentes Comunitarios de Salud/psicología , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Violencia de Pareja/psicología , Poder Psicológico , Refugiados/psicología , Derechos de la Mujer/normas , Adulto , Antropología Cultural , Agentes Comunitarios de Salud/educación , Agentes Comunitarios de Salud/normas , Desastres/economía , Desastres/estadística & datos numéricos , Terremotos/economía , Terremotos/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Identidad de Género , Haití , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Entrevistas como Asunto , Violencia de Pareja/economía , Violencia de Pareja/prevención & control , Persona de Mediana Edad , Investigación Cualitativa , Factores Socioeconómicos , Derechos de la Mujer/economía , Derechos de la Mujer/tendenciasAsunto(s)
Códigos de Edificación/tendencias , Terremotos/mortalidad , Colapso de la Estructura/prevención & control , Códigos de Edificación/normas , Desastres/economía , Desastres/prevención & control , Desastres/estadística & datos numéricos , Terremotos/economía , Terremotos/estadística & datos numéricos , Haití/epidemiología , Humanos , Colapso de la Estructura/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
This article analyzes Cuba's medical role in Haiti since Hurricane Georges in 1998, with particular emphasis on the Cuban government's response to the 2010 earthquake. The article examines two central themes. First, it assesses the enormous impact on public health that Cuba has made since 1998, and second, it provides a comparative analysis of Cuba's medical role since the earthquake.