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1.
Mycoses ; 67(3): e13714, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38488272

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Dermatophytosis has assumed epidemic proportions with rising resistance, recalcitrance and recurrence, especially in tropical regions. While various factors contribute to high prevalence worldwide, yet little is known about the interactions between host defence mechanisms and dermatophytes, particularly in chronic and recalcitrant dermatophytosis. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the population of various immune cells in specimens of chronic recurrent dermatophytosis and those with acute superficial dermatophytosis. METHODS: We investigated the density of various immune cells-Langerhans cells (CD1a+), macrophages (CD68+), dermal dendrocytes (Factor XIIIa+) in the skin of chronic dermatophytosis patients and those with successfully resolved lesions (controls). RESULTS: Langerhans cells were significantly decreased in the epidermis of patients, both in affected and unaffected areas in comparison with controls. In the dermis, however, no differences in the density of immune cells (macrophages and fibroblasts) were observed. LIMITATIONS: The limited sample size and immune cells evaluated could be expanded further in future research. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the decreased number of Langerhans cells could be a potential risk factor for the development of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis.


Asunto(s)
Piel , Tiña , Humanos , Piel/patología , Células de Langerhans , Epidermis , Factor XIIIa , Tiña/patología
3.
J Healthc Eng ; 2023: 6370416, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37287541

RESUMEN

Skin is the outer cover of our body, which protects vital organs from harm. This important body part is often affected by a series of infections caused by fungus, bacteria, viruses, allergies, and dust. Millions of people suffer from skin diseases. It is one of the common causes of infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Skin disease can also be the cause of stigma and discrimination. Early and accurate diagnosis of skin disease can be vital for effective treatment. Laser and photonics-based technologies are used for the diagnosis of skin disease. These technologies are expensive and not affordable, especially for resource-limited countries like Ethiopia. Hence, image-based methods can be effective in reducing cost and time. There are previous studies on image-based diagnosis for skin disease. However, there are few scientific studies on tinea pedis and tinea corporis. In this study, the convolution neural network (CNN) has been used to classify fungal skin disease. The classification was carried out on the four most common fungal skin diseases: tinea pedis, tinea capitis, tinea corporis, and tinea unguium. The dataset consisted of a total of 407 fungal skin lesions collected from Dr. Gerbi Medium Clinic, Jimma, Ethiopia. Normalization of image size, conversion of RGB to grayscale, and balancing the intensity of the image have been carried out. Images were normalized to three sizes: 120 × 120, 150 × 150, and 224 × 224. Then, augmentation was applied. The developed model classified the four common fungal skin diseases with 93.3% accuracy. Comparisons were made with similar CNN architectures: MobileNetV2 and ResNet 50, and the proposed model was superior to both. This study may be an important addition to the very limited work on the detection of fungal skin disease. It can be used to build an automated image-based screening system for dermatology at an initial stage.


Asunto(s)
Dermatomicosis , Onicomicosis , Tiña , Humanos , Tiña del Pie/diagnóstico , Tiña del Pie/microbiología , Tiña del Pie/patología , Dermatomicosis/diagnóstico , Dermatomicosis/microbiología , Dermatomicosis/patología , Tiña/patología , Piel/diagnóstico por imagen , Piel/patología , Onicomicosis/diagnóstico , Onicomicosis/microbiología , Onicomicosis/patología
5.
Am J Case Rep ; 23: e936906, 2022 Aug 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35988013

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by follicular, papulosquamous, reddish-orange scaling, palmoplantar keratoderma, and erythema with islands of sparing. Its heterogeneous clinical presentation makes the diagnosis of PRP quite challenging, especially at the initial presentation, as it can mimic common skin conditions. CASE REPORT We present a case with an early presentation of PRP in a 61-year-old Malay woman with underlying uncontrolled diabetes, and discuss evolving clinical course of her disease. She presented to a primary care clinic with a 3-week history of itchy, ring-like skin lesions that started on her neck and chest but subsequently spread widely on her chest, back, and upper extremities. She was first treated as having extensive tinea corporis but responded poorly to multiple courses of antifungal treatment. An initial skin biopsy that was taken at the dermatology clinic revealed features suggestive of erythema annulare centrifugum. However, despite topical steroid treatment, her skin condition evolved further and she developed generalized erythroderma along with follicular hyperkeratosis and palmoplantar keratoderma. A repeat biopsy finally confirmed the diagnosis of PRP. CONCLUSIONS Making the diagnosis of PRP is challenging for clinicians. However, clinicians should approach any common skin problem that does not respond to treatment appropriately, with consideration of other uncommon skin disorders. A repeat skin biopsy may be considered if there are any doubts about the diagnosis. A clinical and histopathological correlation is important to aid in the diagnosis of PRP.


Asunto(s)
Queratodermia Palmoplantar , Pitiriasis Rubra Pilaris , Tiña , Eritema , Femenino , Humanos , Queratodermia Palmoplantar/complicaciones , Queratodermia Palmoplantar/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pitiriasis Rubra Pilaris/diagnóstico , Pitiriasis Rubra Pilaris/tratamiento farmacológico , Pitiriasis Rubra Pilaris/patología , Enfermedades Raras , Piel/patología , Tiña/complicaciones , Tiña/diagnóstico , Tiña/patología
6.
Einstein (Sao Paulo) ; 20: eRC6881, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35792760

RESUMEN

Dermatophytoses are fungal infections affecting the skin and cutaneous annexes. This clinical case report describes a 7-year-old girl with Kerion celsi, a severe manifestation of Tinea capitis. The patient presented with painful edematous crusty scalp lesions and alopecia, which required surgical debridement and long-term antifungal treatment. Culture of samples collected from scalp and arm skin lesions (patient and patient's mother respectively) were positive for Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The family owned a pet guinea pig. This particular dermatophytosis is easily transmitted from guinea pigs to humans, with some studies showing up to 34.9% prevalence of Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection in these animals.


Asunto(s)
Tiña del Cuero Cabelludo , Tiña , Alopecia/diagnóstico por imagen , Alopecia/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antifúngicos , Cobayas , Humanos , Piel/diagnóstico por imagen , Piel/patología , Tiña/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiña/microbiología , Tiña/patología , Tiña del Cuero Cabelludo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tiña del Cuero Cabelludo/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiña del Cuero Cabelludo/epidemiología
7.
Clin Exp Dermatol ; 47(9): 1735-1738, 2022 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35570719

RESUMEN

Erythroderma is usually attributed to some of the commoner causes such as eczematous disorders, psoriasis, malignancies, idiopathic situations and drug-induced scenarios. Rarely, erythroderma has been found to result from dermatophytic infections. Erythrodermic dermatophytosis may be a direct sequel of extensive tinea corporis (with or without a background of topical steroid misuse), paraneoplastic phenomenon, an id reaction or congenital erythrodermic disorders, with subsequent development of dermatophytosis. We present a series of patients who developed erythrodermic dermatophytosis on a background of misuse of steroids.


Asunto(s)
Dermatitis Exfoliativa , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Tiña , Dermatitis Exfoliativa/inducido químicamente , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Esteroides/efectos adversos , Tiña/patología
8.
Clin Exp Dermatol ; 47(1): 147-149, 2022 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34260103

RESUMEN

The characteristic ring with ring appearance in patients with dermatophytosis should raise the suspicion of application of topical corticosteroids (alone or in combination with topical antifungals). Such patients be counselled about the harmful effects applying such inappropriate combinaiton.


Asunto(s)
Corticoesteroides/efectos adversos , Antifúngicos/efectos adversos , Automedicación/efectos adversos , Tiña/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiña/patología , Administración Tópica , Adolescente , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Niño , Preescolar , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clase Social , Tiña/epidemiología , Adulto Joven
11.
Am J Dermatopathol ; 43(12): e230-e233, 2021 Dec 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34086641

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is a small vessel inflammatory condition considered to be caused by circulating immune complexes and often occurs after an acute infection or exposure to a new medication, although it may be associated with an underlying systemic disease or be idiopathic in nature. It is important to determine the etiology, identify the extent of the disease for early intervention and appropriate management, and treat and/or eliminate the underlying cause. Here, we report cases of scurvy and tinea corporis that presented with histopathologic features of LCV and had significant clinical improvement with treatment of the underlying etiologies. These cases emphasize that histopathologic features of early evolving LCV may be seen in other settings including scurvy and tinea corporis. Appropriate treatment of the underlying condition is important for optimized patient management.


Asunto(s)
Escorbuto/diagnóstico , Escorbuto/patología , Tiña/diagnóstico , Tiña/patología , Anciano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vasculitis Leucocitoclástica Cutánea/patología
13.
Med Mycol J ; 62(1): 1-4, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33642522

RESUMEN

We present a 76-year-old Japanese male with tinea faciei, tinea corporis, and tinea unguium with dermatophytoma. We performed fungal culture and confirmed the causative fungus to be Trichophyton rubrum. We treated the patient using oral fosravuconazole l-lysine ethanolate (F-RVCZ). More than one year has passed since the end of treatment, but there has been no recurrence. This case suggests that F-RVCZ is effective for tinea other than tinea unguium.


Asunto(s)
Onicomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Onicomicosis/microbiología , Tiña/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiña/microbiología , Triazoles/administración & dosificación , Administración Oral , Anciano , Arthrodermataceae/aislamiento & purificación , Arthrodermataceae/patogenicidad , Humanos , Masculino , Onicomicosis/complicaciones , Onicomicosis/patología , Tiña/complicaciones , Tiña/patología , Resultado del Tratamiento
14.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 137: 111348, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33578237

RESUMEN

The ergosterol pathway is a prime antifungal target as it is required for fungal survival, yet is not involved in human homeostasis. Methods to study the ergosterol pathway, however, are often time-consuming. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay is a simple research tool that determines the lowest concentration at which a novel antimicrobial is active in vitro with limited scope to determine the mechanism of action for a drug. In this study, we show that by adding hydrogen peroxide, an oxidative stressor, or glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant, to modify a commonly performed MIC assay allowed us to screen selectively for new antifungal drugs that target ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. A human pathogen and dermatophyte, Microsporum gypseum, was used as a test organism. When exposed to ergosterol targeting drugs, the hydrogen peroxide treatment significantly decreased fungal survival by reducing ergosterol in the cell wall, whereas GSH increased survival of M. gypseum. Further, by performing a series of experiments with M. gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum, it was determined that the oxidative stress from hydrogen peroxide causes cell death at different developmental stages based on fungal species. These findings allow us to describe a simple, high-throughput method for simultaneously screening new antifungal drugs for activity and effects on the ergosterol pathway. By using this tool, two isoquinoline alkaloids were discovered to be potent inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis in vitro by reducing the amount of ergosterol without affecting the expression of 1,3-ß-glucan. Both compounds also significantly reduced the severity of acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, spongiosis and dermal edema in vivo.


Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Ergosterol/biosíntesis , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Isoquinolinas/farmacología , Alcaloides/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Arthrodermataceae/citología , Arthrodermataceae/efectos de los fármacos , Benzofenantridinas/farmacología , Benzofenantridinas/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ergosterol/análisis , Femenino , Glutatión/farmacología , Cobayas , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/análisis , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Isoquinolinas/uso terapéutico , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Micelio/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Tiña/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiña/patología
17.
Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr ; 1862(9): 183335, 2020 09 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32376224

RESUMEN

Terbinafine (Tbf) is a well-established anti-fungal agent used for management of a variety of dermal conditions including ringworm and athlete's foot. Both the biochemical mechanism of Tbf fungicidal action (based on squalene epoxidase inhibition) and the target region for Tbf in vivo (the stratum corneum (SC)) are well determined. However, the biochemical and pharmacokinetic approaches used to evaluate Tbf biochemistry provide no biophysical information about molecular level physical changes in the SC upon Tbf binding. Such information is necessary for improved drug and formulation design. IR spectroscopic methods were used to evaluate the effects of Tbf on keratin structure in environments commonly used in pharmaceutics to mimic those in vivo. The Amide I and II spectral regions (1500-1700 cm-1) provided an effective means to monitor keratin secondary structure changes, while a Tbf spectral feature near 775 cm-1 provides a measure of relative Tbf levels in skin. Interaction of Tbf with the SC induced substantial ß-sheet formation in the keratin, an effect which was partially reversed both by ethanol washing and by exposure to high relative humidity. The irreversibility suggests the presence of a Tbf reservoir (consistent with kinetic studies), permitting the drug to be released in a controlled manner into the surrounding tissue.


Asunto(s)
Queratinas/química , Anomalías Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Terbinafina/química , Terbinafina/farmacología , Proteínas Filagrina , Humanos , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediarios/química , Queratinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Queratinas/ultraestructura , Conformación Proteica en Lámina beta , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/microbiología , Anomalías Cutáneas/microbiología , Anomalías Cutáneas/patología , Escualeno-Monooxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Escualeno-Monooxigenasa/química , Terbinafina/farmacocinética , Tiña/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiña/microbiología , Tiña/patología , Tiña del Pie/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiña del Pie/microbiología , Tiña del Pie/patología
18.
Microb Pathog ; 144: 104175, 2020 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32224209

RESUMEN

Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes) is the main cause of rabbit dermatophytosis. As the main pathogen-associated molecular pattern of T. mentagrophytes, the role of ß-glucan in the pathogenesis of rabbit dermatophytosis remains elusive. Keratinocytes (KC) are the main cellular component and the first defensive line against fungal pathogens in the skin. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of ß-glucan on rabbit KC from dorsal skin. ß-glucan was found to inhibit KC proliferation by 10% at 20 ug/ml and this concentration was thus considered as optimal. Next, 20 ug/ml ß-glucan stimulation for 24 h significantly increased CXCL8, CXCL11, and IL-1ß secretions in KC. Furthermore, ß-glucan exposure induced the expressions of JAK2 mRNA, STAT3 mRNA, and p-STAT3 protein. Silencing JAK2 expression inhibited p-STAT3 protein expression and ß-glucan-induced IL-1ß secretion. And overexpression of JAK2 further promoted ß-glucan-mediated p-STAT3 protein and IL-1ß productions. These results suggested that ß-glucan-induced CXCL8, CXCL11, and IL-1ß secretions in rabbit KC might be involved in the inflammatory response of T. mentagrophytes infected rabbit dorsal skin. However, only IL-1ß secretion was promoted by the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study is a necessary step toward elucidating the mechanisms that underlie skin immune system injury stimulated by ß-glucan.


Asunto(s)
Interleucina-1beta/biosíntesis , Janus Quinasa 2/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Tiña/patología , beta-Glucanos/farmacología , Animales , Arthrodermataceae , Células Cultivadas , Quimiocina CXCL11/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Conejos , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Tiña/microbiología
19.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm ; 46(5): 706-716, 2020 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32266837

RESUMEN

The aim of the present work was to develop a promising drug delivery system of oxiconazole nitrate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) topical gel to enhance the drug effectiveness for the treatment of Tinea infection. SLNs were prepared by emulsification-solvent evaporation method. Particle size and entrapment efficiency of the prepared SLNs were investigated. An appropriate formulation was selected and examined for morphology and physicochemical characterization adopting Scanning electron microscope and Differential scanning colorimetry. In-vitro drug release was also investigated. The selected SLNs were loaded into 1% Carbopol 934 gel that was investigated for homogeneity, pH, grittiness, spreadability, viscosity and in vitro drug release. Clinical study for the developed gel system compared to the corresponding marketed product was conducted on 28 patients. The results revealed that the prepared oxiconazole nitrate SLNs had drug entrapment efficiency ranging from 41.34% to 75.07% and zeta potential lying between -13 and -50. Physicochemical characterization revealed a decrease in the drug crystallinity in the prepared SLNs. The gel formulation showed appropriate physical characteristics and sustained in-vitro drug release. Clinical study for the prepared oxiconazole nitrate SLNs gel showed significantly less side effects, better patient satisfaction and superior clinical improvement compared with the corresponding marketed product.


Asunto(s)
Resinas Acrílicas/administración & dosificación , Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Imidazoles/administración & dosificación , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Absorción Cutánea/efectos de los fármacos , Tiña/tratamiento farmacológico , Resinas Acrílicas/síntesis química , Resinas Acrílicas/metabolismo , Adulto , Animales , Antifúngicos/síntesis química , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Portadores de Fármacos/administración & dosificación , Portadores de Fármacos/síntesis química , Portadores de Fármacos/metabolismo , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Femenino , Geles , Humanos , Imidazoles/síntesis química , Imidazoles/metabolismo , Lípidos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultivo de Órganos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Absorción Cutánea/fisiología , Tiña/metabolismo , Tiña/patología , Adulto Joven
20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32206823

RESUMEN

Tinea incognita is an atypical presentation of fungal infection of the skin, the clinical presentation of which has been modified by misuse of topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors. Such dermatophyte infections often have an atypical clinical presentation and are difficult to diagnose, but with the rise of immunosuppressive drugs and self-prescribed topical therapies, they are becoming increasingly prevalent. Here we report the case of a 68-year-old male patient with a history of psoriasis, presenting with erythematous scaly lesions, that did not respond to conventional treatment for psoriasis, as would be expected. A diagnosis of tinea incognita was made with histopathological examination with periodic acid-Schiff stain of a skin biopsy sample. This case highlights the fact that dermatophyte infections are widespread but sometimes neglected and can occur concomitantly with other dermatoses.


Asunto(s)
Tiña , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Psoriasis/complicaciones , Tiña/complicaciones , Tiña/patología
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